Iyiphi inkampani ethola imali eningi kuhulumeni wase-US? Impendulo: umenzi wezikhali u-Lockheed Martin. Njengoba i Washington Post muva kubika, ku-$ 51 billion yayo ekuthengisweni ngo-2017, u-Lockheed wathatha amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-35.2 kuhulumeni, noma eduze nalokho abaphathi bakaTrump abahlongoza isabelomali soMnyango Wezwe ka-2019. Futhi iyiphi inkampani esendaweni yesibili uma kukhulunywa ngokuqola amadola abakhokhi bentela? Impendulo: I-Boeing enezigidigidi ezingama-26.5 zamaRandi. Futhi khumbula, lokho kungaphambi kokuba izikhathi ezinhle ziqale ukugoqa, njengoba TomDispatch Njalo kanye nochwepheshe bemboni yezikhali uWilliam Hartung ukwenza kucace namuhla ekujuleni okujulile (ir) kwamaqiniso esabelomali sePentagon. Uma kukhulunywa ngoMnyango Wezokuvikela, noma kunjalo, mhlawumbe kufanele siliyeke ngokuphelele igama elithi “isabelomali”, uma kubhekwa incazelo yalo yokuvimbela. Asikwazi yini ukuthola elinye igama ngokuphelele? NjengePentagon cornucopia?
Kwesinye isikhathi, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi ukubikwa okusangulukisayo mayelana nezindaba zoxhaso lwePentagon akukona ukubhuqa ngesitayela se-Pentagon. New Yorkerka- Andy Borowitz. Thatha, isibonelo, a umbiko wamuva ku Washington Examiner ukuthi uNobhala Wezempi uMark Esper nezinye izikhulu zePentagon manje ekhuthaza Ikhongolose izozikhulula kumnqamulajuqu wangomhla zingama-30 kuMandulo wokuhlakaza ngokugcwele izimali zabo zokusebenza nezokulungisa (cishe ama-40% esabelomali somnyango). Ekuhumusheni, batshela uKhongolose ukuthi banemali eningi kunaleyo abangayisebenzisa ngesikhathi esabelwe.
Kunzima ukuphoqeleka ukuthi uchithe izindodla zemali ngokushesha lapho, ngokwesibonelo, wethula uhlelo. "umjaho" wezikhali zenuzi "Ngokwenza isimanje" lokho osekuvele kuyi-arsenal ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni kule minyaka engu-30 ezayo ama-trillion-plus dollar (isamba, uma kubhekwa umlando wesabelomali sePentagon, sizokhuphuka ngokushesha). Kulowo mongo, vumela u-Hartung akungenise emhlabeni omangalisayo walokho, esikhathini sika-Donald, okungacatshangwa ngakho (ngokuhambisana nephimbo engqondweni) njenge-Plutocratic Pentagon. Tom
-Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch
I-Bloat Yesabelomali Esijwayelekile
ake ucabange nje ngohlelo lapho abakhokhi bentela baseMelika bayiswa kwabahlanza imali efika amakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi futhi kwakungekho nokuncane ukugxekwa noma ukucasuka. Cabanga nje ukuthi i-White House kanye neningi losopolitiki eWashington, noma ngabe iqembu liliphi iqembu, bayavumelana nalolu hlelo. Eqinisweni, isifiso saminyaka yonke sokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Pentagon ku-stratosphere silandela leso simo, sisizwa izibikezelo zembubhiso eseduze evela. oklebe abaxhaswe yimboni ngentshisekelo ebekiwe ekwandeni kwezindleko zezempi.
Iningi labantu baseMelika cishe liyazi ukuthi iPentagon isebenzisa imali eningi, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi baqonde ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani lezo zibalo. Ngokuvamile, izabelomali ezidle ngokumangazayo zezempi ziphathwa njengokungathi ziyingxenye yesimiso semvelo, njengokufa noma izintela.
Izibalo eziqukethwe kwisivumelwano sesabelomali sakamuva esigcine iCongress ivuliwe, kanye nesiphakamiso sesabelomali sikaMongameli uTrump sonyaka ka-2019, ziyisibonelo: amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700 wePentagon nezinhlelo ezihlobene nawo ngo-2018 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-716 ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokumangazayo, amanani anjalo adlula kude okulindelwe yiPentagon uqobo. Ngokusho kukaDonald Trump, okuvunywa ukuthi akuwona umthombo onokwethenjelwa kuwo wonke amacala, kubikwa ukuthi uNobhala Wezokuvikela uJim Mattis wathi, “Hawu, angikholwa ukuthi sikutholile konke ebesikufuna” — ukwamukelwa okungajwayelekile okuvela kunhloko yenhlangano okuwukuphela kwayo impendulo cishe kunoma yisiphi isiphakamiso sebhajethi kuwukucela okwengeziwe.
Ukusabela komphakathi ekukhuphukeni kwesabelomali sePentagon okumangalisayo kwathuliswa, ukukubeka kancane. Ngokungafani nonyaka odlule ukunikezwa kwentela kwabacebile, ukujikijela amanani entela entela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela akuzange kudale ukucasuka okubonakalayo komphakathi. Nokho lokho kuncishiswa kwentela kanye nokwenyuka kwePentagon kuhlobene eduze. Ukumataniswa kwalaba ababili kwabaphathi bakaTrump kulingisa indlela eyahluleka kaMongameli uRonald Reagan ngeminyaka yawo-1980s - okungaphezu kwalokho. Kuyinto engiyibizile “Ama-reaganomics kuma-steroids.” Indlela kaReagan iveze izilwandle zikayinki obomvu kanye nokwenza buthaka okukhulu kwenethi yokuphepha komphakathi. Kuphinde kwavusa ukududulana okuqinile kangangokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wahlehla ukukhulisa izintela futhi usethe inkundla ukuncishiswa okubukhali ezikhalini zenuzi.
Izinqubomgomo zikaDonald Trump zokuhlehlisa kabusha mayelana nokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe, amalungelo abesifazane, ubulungiswa bobuhlanga, amalungelo e-LGBT, nokungalingani kwezomnotho kudale ukumelana okumangalisayo nokukhulayo. Kusazobonakala ukuthi ukuphatha kwakhe iPentagon ngokuphana engcupheni yezidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo kuzodala ukuhlehla okufanayo.
Vele, kunzima ngisho nokuthola ubuhlalu kulokho okwenziwa ku-Pentagon lapho okuningi kokusakazwa kwabezindaba kwehlulekile ukushayela ekhaya ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani lezi zibalo. Okuhlukile okungajwayelekile kwakuyindaba ye-Associated Press inesihloko "ICongress, Trump Inika iPentagon Isabelomali Okuthandwa Ngaso Engakaze Ibonwe." Lokhu bekusondele kakhulu eqinisweni kunezimangalo ezifana nezikaMackenzie Eaglen we-Conservative I-American Enterprise Institute, okuthe eminyakeni edlule ibihlala oklebe abanjengoDick Cheney noJohn Bolton. Yena kuchazwe isabelomali esisha “njengokwenyuka okulinganiselwe konyaka nonyaka.” Uma kunjalo, umuntu uyaqhaqhazela acabange ukuthi ukwanda okungenasizotha kungase kubukeke kanjani.
I-Pentagon Iwina Kakhulu
Ngakho ake sibheke imali.
Yize isabelomali sePentagon besesivele senziwa ophahleni, izothola enye imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-165 eminyakeni emibili ezayo, ngenxa yesivumelwano sesabelomali sekhongolose esifinyelelwe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga. Ukubeka lesi sibalo kumongo, bekungamashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi ngaphezu kwalokho uDonald Trump ayekucelile entwasahlobo edlule ukuthi "kabusha” amasosha ase-US (njengoba esho). Ize yadlula izibalo, esezivele ziphezulu kunezikaTrump, iCongress yayivumile ukuthi iqhubeke ngoDisemba odlule. Iletha ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-Pentagon nezinhlelo ezihlobene nezikhali zenuzi emazingeni aphezulu kunalawo afinyelelwa ngesikhathi sezimpi zaseKorea naseVietnam ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nama-1960s, noma ngisho nasekuphakameni kwempi ka-Ronald Reagan eyayihlonishwa kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Eminyakeni emibili kuphela yokuphatha kuka-Barack Obama, lapho kwakukhona cishe Amasosha e-150,000 US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, noma amazinga amanje aphindwe kasikhombisa asetshenziswa lapho, ayechitha imali eningi.
U-Ben Freeman weSikhungo Senqubomgomo Yamazwe Ngamazwe wabeka izinombolo zesabelomali se-Pentagon ngendlela efanayo lapho enza kanjalo wabonisa ukuthi nje ukunyuka okulinganiselwa ku-$80 billion ngonyaka emgqeni ophezulu womnyango phakathi kuka-2017 no-2019 kuzoba kabili isabelomali samanje soMnyango Wezwe; ngaphezulu kwesamba semikhiqizo yasekhaya yamazwe angaphezu kwekhulu; futhi inkulu kunesabelomali sonke sezempi sanoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwelaseShayina.
Amademokhrasi asayine kuleso sabelomali sekhongolose njengengxenye yesivumelwano sokufiphaza ukuncishiswa kokuphatha kukaTrump okubi kakhulu okuhlongozwayo ngentwasahlobo edlule. Abaphathi, ngokwesibonelo, bagcina isabelomali soMnyango Wezwe ukuthi singancishiswa kakhulu futhi bagunyaza kabusha ababesengozini. Uhlelo Lomshwalense Wezempilo Wezingane (CHIP) eminye iminyaka eyi-10. Kulolu hlelo, nokho, amaDemocrat aphinde aphonsa izigidi zabafuduki abasebasha ngaphansi kwebhasi ehla ukugcizelela ukuthi noma yisiphi isabelomali esisha sivikele Isenzo Esihlehlisiwe Sokufika Kwezingane, noma uhlelo “Labaphuphile,”. Ngaleso sikhathi, iningi labagcini bezimali beRiphabhulikhi bajabulele ukusayina ukwenyuswa kwePentagon, okuhlangene nokwehliswa kwentela kaTrump kwabacebile, kuxhasa ukusilela kwebhaluni ngokubona iso - ingqikithi $ 7.7 isigidintathu zibalulekile kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo.
Yize ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwasekhaya kube ngcono esivumelwaneni sesabelomali sekhongolose sakamuva kunalokho obekungaba yikho ukube sekwenziwe uhlelo olubi lukaTrump lwangowezi-2018, lusasele kakhulu kulokho iCongress ekutshala ePentagon. Futhi izibalo zeNational Priorities Project zikhomba ukuthi uMnyango Wezokuvikela uhlelelwe ukuba ngumnqobi omkhulu kuhlelo lwesabelomali sikaTrump sika-2019. Yakho share yesabelomali sokuzikhethela, esihlanganisa cishe yonke into uhulumeni ayenzayo ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare kanye ne-Social Security, izokhula ibe ngamasenti angu-61 edola, okuwukukhuphuka okukhulu kusukela kumasenti angu-54 kakade edola ngonyaka wokugcina. yokuphathwa kuka-Obama.
Izinto eziza kuqala ezihlanekezelwe esiphakamisweni sesabelomali sakamuva sikaTrump zigqugquzelwa ngokwengxenye yisinqumo sabaphathi sokwamukela iPentagon inyusa iCongress okwavunyelwana ngayo ngenyanga edlule, ngenkathi ikhipha ngefasitela izinqumo zakamuva zalowo mzimba mayelana nokusetshenziswa okungezona kwezempi. Nakuba iCongress ingase ibambe iqhaza eziphakamisweni zokuphatha ezidlulele kakhulu, izibalo ziqinile ngempela - a ukusika okuhlongozwayo wezigidigidi eziyi-120 zamaRandi emazingeni okusetshenziswa kwemali yasekhaya zombili izinhlangothi ezivumelene ngawo. Ukwehliswa okukhulu kakhulu kubandakanya ukuncishiswa kwama-41% emalini yezokuxhumana kanye nosizo lwangaphandle; ukwehliswa ngama-36% emalini yezamandla nemvelo; kanye nokwehliswa kwama-35% ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlu nomphakathi. Futhi lokho kuyisiqalo nje. Abaphathi bakaTrump nabo balungiselela ukwethula ukuhlasela okuphelele izitembu zokudla, I-Medicaid, Futhi Medicare. Kuyimpi kukho konke ngaphandle kwamasosha ase-US.
Inhlalakahle Yebhizinisi
Izinhlelo zesabelomali zakamuva zilethe injabulo ezinhliziyweni zeqembu elilodwa labantu baseMelika abaswele: abaphathi abaphezulu bosonkontileka abakhulu bezikhali abafana no-Lockheed Martin, uBoeing, uNorthrop Grumman, uRaytheon, kanye neGeneral Dynamics. Balindele a Bonanza kusukela ezindlekweni ezikhuphukayo zePentagon. Ungamangali uma ama-CEO alezi zinkampani ezinhlanu ezikhuphula kahle amaholo, into ezothethelela ngempela umsebenzi wawo, esikhundleni sokuthatha kancane. $ 96 million badonsa njengeqembu ngo-2016 (unyaka wakamuva lapho izibalo ezigcwele zitholakala khona).
Futhi khumbula ukuthi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinkampani ezizinze e-US, labo babhemu bezempi nabezimboni bazohlomula ngokucebile ekunciphiseni kwabaphathi bakaTrump izinga lentela yebhizinisi. Ngokusho komunye umhlaziyi wemboni ohlonishwayo, ingxenye enhle yalesi siphetho sizoya khona amabhonasi kanye nezabelo ezandayo kubaninimasheya benkampani esikhundleni sokutshala imali ngezindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokuvikela i-United States. Ngamafuphi, ngesikhathi sikaTrump, u-Lockheed Martin kanye nama-cohorts akhe baqinisekisiwe ukwenza imali ezayo futhi ihamba.
Izinto eziphukile izigidigidi zoxhaso olusha kusabelomali esihlongozwayo sika-Trump sika-2019 sihlanganisa indiza ka-Lockheed Martin ebiza kakhulu, i-F-35 engasebenzi kahle, eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.6; I-F-18 ye-Boeing “Super Hornet,” eyayisohlelweni lokuqedwa ngabaphathi baka-Obama kodwa manje isibhalwe ukuthi izobiza u-$2.4 billion; Ibhomu lenuzi lika-Northrop Grumman iB-21 ku-$2.3 billion; Umkhumbi-ngwenya wezikhali ezicitshwayo we-General Dynamics we-Ohio-class ballistic missile ku-$3.9 billion; futhi $ 12 billion ngoxhaxha lwezinhlelo zokuvikela imicibisholo ezizophindaphinda ukuze kuzuze… ukuqagele: U-Lockheed Martin, uRaytheon, no-Boeing, phakathi kwezinye izinkampani. Lezi kungezinye zezinhlelo zezikhali ezimbalwa ezizobe zidla izambane likapondo ezinkampanini ezinjengalezi eminyakeni emibili ezayo nangale kwalokho. Ezinhlelweni ezisasesigabeni sazo sokuqala, njengalelo bhomu elisha kanye nomkhumbi-ngwenya omusha ocitshwayo, iminyaka yabo yebhajethi yesibhengezo iseza.
Lapho echaza izikhukhula zemali eyenza inkampani efana neLockheed Martin ikwazi ukuvuna amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-35 ngonyaka ngamadola kahulumeni, umhlaziyi wezokuvikela uRichard Aboulafia weTeal Group. kuphawulwe ukuthi “idiplomacy isiphumile; iziteleka zomoya ziphakathi… Kulolu hlobo lwendawo, kunzima ukuvala izindleko. Uma isidingo sikhuphuka, amanani ngokuvamile awehli. Futhi, kunjalo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubulala izinto. Akumele wenze noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinketho ezinzima uma kunegagasi elikhuphuka kangaka.”
I-Pentagon Ingulube Ngokuphikisana Nokuphepha Kwabantu
U-Loren Thompson ungumxhumanisi kwabaningi balabo sonkontileka bezikhali. Ithangi lakhe lokucabanga, i-Lexington Institute, nayo ithola iminikelo embonini yezikhali. Wawubamba umoya ngaleso sikhathi udunyiswe isiphakamiso sePentagon esikhukhumele sabaphathi sokusebenzisa isabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela njengomdali wemisebenzi ezifundazweni ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa nesifunda esibalulekile sase-Ohio, esisize ekuqhubekiseleni phambili uDonald Trump ukuthi anqobe ngo-2016. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Dynamics kwamathangi e-M-1 e-Lima, e-Ohio, efektri umugqa wayo wokukhiqiza i-Army yayinawo. wazama ukubamba eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngenxa yokuthi lalivele licwila emathangini futhi lingenakuwasebenzisa amanye awo.
Thompson uthi ukuthi amathangi amasha ayadingeka ukuze ahambisane nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezikhali zaseRussia, okuwukugomela okungabazayo okunokunambitheka okuqinisekile kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kukho. Isimangalo sakhe sithi Kusekelwe, vele, ngeQembu Lezokuphepha Likazwelonke elisha labaphathi, eliqondise iRussia neChina njengezinsongo ezesabekayo e-United States. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinselelo okungenzeka ukuthi zidalwa yilawa mandla amabili - ukuhlasela kwe-cyberattack ecaleni laseRussia kanye nokwanda komnotho kwelaseShayina - azihlangene nokuthi mangaki amathangi i-US Army enawo.
UTrump ufuna ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, imisebenzi, imisebenzi angayikhomba, kanye nokumpompa inxanxathela yezempi yezimboni kumele kubonakale kuyindlela yokumelana nalolo suku eWashington yanamuhla. Ngaphansi kwezimo, kubaluleke ngani ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi enye indlela yokusebenzisa imali ingaba dala imisebenzi eyengeziwe futhi ungabophisi amaMelika ngezikhali esingazidingi?
Uma ukusebenza kwangaphambilini kunikeza noma iyiphi inkomba, ayikho imali entsha ehlelelwe ukuthululelwa ePentagon ezokwenza noma ubani aphephe. Njengoba uTodd Harrison weCentre for Strategic and International Studies ephawulile, kunengozi yokuthi iPentagon izovele ithole “ekhuluphele engaqini” njengoba imikhuba yayo yokuchitha imali embi kakhulu iqiniswa isamba esisha samadola esikhulula abahleli baso ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinzima.
Uhlu lwezindleko ezimoshayo seluvele lude ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ukuqagela kusenesikhathi ukuthi imfucuza ye-Bureaucratic ePentagon izolingana. $ 125 billion eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Phakathi kokunye, uMnyango Wezokuvikela usuvele uqashe a isithunzi umsebenzi amandla kosonkontileka abazimele abangaphezu kuka-600,000 abazibopho zabo zihambisana kakhulu nomsebenzi osuvele wenziwe ngabasebenzi bakahulumeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, imikhuba yokuthenga ngobudlabha njalo iholela ezindabeni ezifana nezakamuva ku-Pentagon's Defence Logistics Agency zilahlekelwe umkhondo wokuthi kwenzeka kanjani. wachitha AmaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-800 nokuthi yayinjani imiyalo emibili yaseMelika ayikwazi ukulandisa ngezigidi ezingu-500 zamaRandi ezenzelwe impi yezidakamizwa e-Greater Middle East nase-Afrika.
Engeza kulokhu $ 1.5 isigidintathu okuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe kuma-F-35s iphrojekthi engahlanganyeli Yokwengamela Kahulumeni enawo kuphawulwe ingase ingalungeli ukulwa kanye “nokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje” okungadingekile kwezikhali zenuzi zase-US, okuhlanganisa isizukulwane esisha samabhomu ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi, imikhumbi-ngwenya, kanye nemicibisholo ngenani elincane $ 1.2 isigidintathu eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye enkulu yoxhaso olusha lwePentagon izokwenza okuningi ukuze iqhube izikhathi ezinhle endaweni yezempi-yezimboni kodwa kancane ukusiza amasosha noma ukuvikela izwe.
Okubaluleke kunakho konke, lesi sikhukhula soxhaso olusha, olungase sichoboze isizukulwane sabantu baseMelika ngaphansi kwentaba yezikweletu, sizokwenza kube lula ukusekela lokho okubonakala kungapheli. izimpi eziyisikhombisa ukuthi i-United States ilwa e-Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Somalia naseYemen. Ngakho-ke biza lokhu ngokutshalwa kwezimali okubi kakhulu emlandweni, uqinisekise njengoba kwehluleka izimpi kuze kube semkhathizwe.
Kungaba uguquko olwamukelekayo eMelika yangekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanye uma isinqumo sobudedengu sokuphonsa izizumbulu zemali engakholeki ePentagon kakade eseyixhaswe ngemali eshisiwe sivuse ingxoxo engathi sína mayelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika ene-hyper-militarized. Inkulumompikiswano kazwelonke mayelana nezindaba ezinjengalezi ngaphambi kokhetho lwango-2018 no-2020 inganquma ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokuba yinto evamile ePentagon noma ngabe i-ejensi enkulu kunazo zonke kuhulumeni wobumbano ekugcineni iboshiwe futhi yehliselwa esimweni esifanele. ukuma kokuzivikela.
UWilliam D. Hartung, a TomDispatch Njalo, ungumqondisi weProjekthi Yezikhali Nezokuphepha eSikhungweni Senqubomgomo Yamazwe Ngamazwe kanye nombhali we Abaporofethi Bempi: Uke wavalwa nguMartin kanye Nokwenza i-Military-Industrial Complex.
Landela TomDispatch on Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka i-Dispatch Book entsha, ka-Alfred McCoy Emthunzini Wenkulungwane YaseMelika: Ukuvuka Nokwehla Kwamandla Amandla OseMelika, kanye nelikaJohn Dower I-American Century Ebudlova: Impi Nezobuphekula Kusukela Empi Yezwe II, inoveli kaJohn Feffer ye-dystopian Iziqhekeko, Nick Turse's Isikhathi Esizayo Bazokuza Ukubala Abafileyo, noTom Engelhardt I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla.
