UKUPHENDULA KWEKOMITI LESISEKELO KUNGQONGQOSHE OMKHULU RE ROCKET LAB
KuNdunankulu waseNew Zealand, ePhalamende House, eWellington
Re: impendulo kahulumeni encwadini yethu eya kuNdunankulu kaMashi 1, 2021, maqondana nokusongelwa kwezokuphepha, ubukhosi kanye nezintshisekelo zikazwelonke okuvela emisebenzini yokuqalisa isikhala
UNdunankulu othandekayo,
Siyabonga ngomyalezo wakho wokuvuma ukuthi siyitholile incwadi yethu yangoMashi 1, 2021. Siphinda futhi sibonge izimpendulo zencwadi yethu esiyithole kuNgqongqoshe Wezokulawulwa Kwezikhali Nokulawulwa Kwezikhali uMhlonishwa. Phil Twyford (8 Ephreli) kanye neNdvuna yeTemnotfo Nekutfutfukiswa Kwesifundza, Mnu. Stuart Nash (14 Ephreli). Siziphendula lezi zincwadi nakwezinye izitatimende zikahulumeni ngalolu daba ngokuhlanganyela.
Sisakhatsateke kakhulu ngekutsi Hulumende waseNew Zealand (NZG) uvumele iRocket Rock kutsi yetfule umholo lokhokhelwe weGunsmoke-J, kute kutsi i-US Army Space neMissile Defence Command itfutfukise tikhali tempi. Siphinde futhi sicela i-NZG ukuthi imise, ngokushesha, ukunikezwa kwamalayisense kuwo wonke ama-Rocket Lab payloads kunoma imaphi amaklayenti ezempi, kusalindwe ukubuyekezwa okugcwele kwe-Outer Space and High-altitude Activities (OSHAA) Act 2017 nephalamende. INew Zealand ayidingi ukuvumela ukukhokhwa okungabazekayo kwezempi noma kwezempi ukuze imboni yezikhala iphumelele.
Silangazelele ukuthi kuboniswane nathi ekubuyekezweni okuzayo kokusebenza nokusebenza koMthetho we-OSHAA, futhi sifune isiqiniseko sokuthi ukubandakanyeka komphakathi kulokhu kubuyekezwa kuzokwenzeka.
Okusikhathazayo, okuchazwe kabanzi ngezansi, yilokhu:
I-Rocket Lab idonsela iNew Zealand kuwebhu yezinhlelo zamakhono asezindaweni ezisemkhathini zase-US ezandisa ukukhathazeka nokungathembani kwamanye amazwe, futhi zibukela phansi inqubomgomo yethu ezimele yezwe laseNew Zealand.
IRocket Rock yenza iMahia Peninsula isisulu sezitha zaseMelika, kanti iMahia mana laphoua bakholelwa ukuthi iRocket Rock ibakhohlisile ngemvelo yezempi eminye yemisebenzi yayo.
Siphikisana kakhulu nombono wokuthi kungokwesifiso sezwe lonke laseNew Zealand ukuvumela ukwethulwa kwama-satellites ahlose ukuthuthukisa izikhali ezikhomba amakhono, noma ukuthi lokhu "ukusetshenziswa okunokuthula" kwesikhala.
Izinga lokugcina imfihlo kweminye yemisebenzi yeRocket Rock liphikisana nezinkambiso zokuphendula ngokwentando yeningi futhi libukela phansi ukukholwa kwezakhamizi kuhulumeni
Ngenxa yamaqiniso ezobuchwepheshe nezepolitiki, uma sekwethulwe isathelayithi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-NZG iqinisekise ukuthi amasosha ase-US ayisebenzisela kuphela ezokuvikela, ezokuphepha noma ezobunhloli ezisezintshisakalo zezwe laseNew Zealand. Isibonelo, ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware okulandelayo kungenza isimangalo se-NZG singasebenzi ukuthi singaqinisekisa ukuthi iziphuphutheki ezethulwe yiRocket Lab ziyahambisana neNew Zealand Nuclear Free Zone Act 1987.
IRocket Rock idonsela iNew Zealand ezinhlelweni zamasosha aseMelika kanye namakhono
Sikhathazeke kakhulu, futhi siphikisana nokuthi, imisebenzi eyenziwa yiRocket Rock - ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kwezokuxhumana kwamasosha aseMelika, ukubheka nokukhomba iziphuphutheki, noma ngabe ziyathuthuka noma ziyasebenza - idonsela iNew Zealand ekujuleni kwewebhu yase-US izinhlelo zokulwa nemikhumbi ezenzelwe isikhala.
Lokhu kubukela phansi inqubomgomo ezimele yezangaphandle yaseNew Zealand futhi kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi thina, njengabantu baseNew Zealand, sifuna kangakanani ukungena ezenzweni zamasosha aseMelika. Inani elikhulu labantu baseNew Zealand, ikakhulukazi bendawo abavela eMahia Peninsula, bakhathazekile ngalolu daba. Njengoba i-RNZ ibika, “Amabhodi amabhodi akhuphukile azungeze [Mahia] ethi:“ Akukho mali ekhokhelwa ezempi. Haere Atu (suka) Rocket Lab ””.
Encwadini yethu yokuqala, siphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nesivumelwano sango-2016 se-NZ-US Technology Security Guards (TSA). I-TSA ivumela uHulumeni wase-US (i-USG) ukuthi avote noma ikuphi ukuqaliswa kwesikhala kusuka endaweni yase-NZ noma yikuphi ukungeniswa kobuchwepheshe bokwethula isikhala ku-NZ, ngokumane nje amemezele ukuthi lowo msebenzi ngeke ube nezintshisekelo zaseMelika. Lokhu kungukuchithwa okuyingxenye kodwa okubalulekile kobukhosi be-NZ, obunikelwe ukusiza inkampani ezimele, ephethwe ngabangaphandle etholile uxhaso kwiRegional Growth Fund.
Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2013, iRocket Rock ibiphethwe ngabangu-100% e-US. I-TSA yasayinwa ngo-2016 ngokwengxenye enkulu ukuvumela i-Rocket Lab ukuthi ingenise ubuchwepheshe obuzwelayo be-rocket yase-New Zealand. Ngamanye amagama, ngokusayina i-TSA, i-NZG inikeze ubukhosi obusebenzayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokwethulwa kwesikhala se-NZ ngenzuzo yezohwebo yeNkampani ephethwe yi-100% yase-US. Leyo nkampani manje yenza imali ngokusiza amasosha ase-US ukuthi athuthukise amakhono okulwa nempi asuselwa endaweni, kufaka phakathi izikhali ezibhekiswe kuzo. Lokhu kuphambene nenqubomgomo ezimele yezangaphandle ye-NZ uhulumeni ayilandelayo.
Asazi nganoma iyiphi impendulo ye-NZG ezinkingeni esiziphakamisile kulolu daba. Siphinde sinxuse uhulumeni ukuthi acabangele ukuphinda axoxe nge-TSA ukuze asuse ingxenye enikeza i-USG ubukhosi obusebenzayo emisebenzini yokwethulwa komkhathi eNew Zealand.
I-Rocket Lab yenza iMahia ibe yinto ebhekiswe kubaphikisi base-US
Imisebenzi yamanje yeRocket Rock yenza iMahia ibe yinto ebhekiswe ebunzimeni noma ekuhlaselweni yizitha zaseMelika ezifana neChina neRussia, okungenani ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bokwethula isikhala busemikhakheni eminingi ebucayi efana nobuchwepheshe bemicibisholo. I-Rocket Lab isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunqenqemeni be-rocket yase-US ukwethula iziphuphutheki zamasosha aseMelika emkhathini zisuka eMahia - okuyisona sizathu-ke okwenziwa kwaxoxiswana ngaso nge-TSA. Kubaphikisi baseMelika, kuncane kakhulu umehluko phakathi kwalokho, namasosha aseMelika anendawo yokuqalisa imicibisholo eMahia Peninsula. Okwesibili, iRocket Rock yethula iziphuphutheki ezingasiza i-US namanye amasosha athenge izikhali zase-US ukwenza ngcono ukubhekiswa kwalezo zikhali. Futhi njengoba uchwepheshe wezokuvikela uPaul Buchanan ephawula, ukwethula iziphuphutheki ezinjengeGunsmoke-J kubeka iNew Zealand eduze nokuphela okucijile kwe-US "chain chain".
Ukufihla okweqile ngemisebenzi yeRocket Rock kubukela phansi ukuziphendulela kwentando yeningi
Ngomhlaka-24 Ephreli 2021, i-Gisborne Herald yabika ukuthi isithole isicelo sangaphambi kokwethulwa kwe-Rocket Lab's Gunsmoke-J, nokuthi izigaba ezinhlanu kweziyisikhombisa ezinikeza imininingwane ethile ngokukhokhwa zakhishwa ngokuphelele. Isithombe esishicilelwe yi-Herald (ngezansi) sikhombisa lokhu kumelela cishe u-95% wolwazi lonke olumayelana nomthwalo okhokhelwayo futhi empeleni yimisho emibili kuphela engazange yenziwe ngokuphelele. Kulawo, omunye ufundeka kanje: "Amasosha aseMelika asho ukuthi le satellite ngeke isetshenziselwe ukwenza imisebenzi…" bese sonke isigwebo senziwe kabusha. Leli zinga lokugcina imfihlo alamukeleki futhi libukela phansi inqubo yentando yeningi yokwenza izinto obala kanye nokuphendula. Njengezakhamizi zaseNew Zealand, siyacelwa ukuthi samukele ukuthi umthwalo okhokhelwayo waseGunsmkoke-J, ohlose ukuthuthukisa ukuqondiswa kwezinkundla zempi, usentshisekelo kuzwelonke yaseNew Zealand. Kodwa-ke sivunyelwe ukuthi singazi lutho ngakho.
Ukwengamela kukaNgqongqoshe kukodwa nje akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukulayishwa kwemali kukhokhelwa intshisekelo kazwelonke yeNZ
Izimpendulo esizitholile kuNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezomnotho Nezifunda kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezokulawulwa Kwezikhali kanye Nezikhali zombili zikhomba isidingo sokuthi umthwalo okhokhelwayo "uhambisana nomthetho waseNew Zealand kanye nezintshisekelo zikazwelonke", futhi ikakhulukazi, nomthetho we-OSHAA kanye nemigomo ka-2019 ngemvume yokulayisha umthwalo osayinwe yiKhabhinethi. Abokugcina baqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi engeyona intshisekelo kazwelonke yaseNew Zealand, futhi uhulumeni angeke ayivumele, ifaka phakathi "ukulayishwa kokukhokhelwa okusetshenzisiwe ekugcineni kokulimaza, ukugxambukela, noma ukucekela enye imikhumbi-mkhathi, noma ama-space system eMhlabeni; [noma] ukulayishwa okusetshenziswayo ekugcineni kokusekela noma ukunika amandla imisebenzi ethile yezokuvikela, yezokuphepha noma yezobunhloli ephikisana nenqubomgomo kahulumeni. ”
NgoMashi 9, ngemuva kokuphasisa ukukhokhelwa kweGunsmoke-J, uNgqongqoshe uNash wathi ephalamende wathi "akazi ngamakhono athile ezempi" mayelana nomholo, futhi wayesekele isinqumo sakhe sokuvumela ukwethulwa ngokwelulekwa yizikhulu ze-NZ Isikhungo Sasemkhathini. Sikholwa ukuthi ukwenganyelwa kwale ndawo, okubaluleke kakhulu ebukhosini baseNew Zealand kanye nezintshisekelo zikazwelonke, kufanele futhi kudinga ukubandakanyeka kongqongqoshe okusebenzayo. UNgqongqoshe uNash angayigcina kanjani intshisekelo kazwelonke uma engazi amakhono athile iRocket Rock eqala esikhaleni sebutho langaphandle?
Ngokuvumela ukwethulwa komthwalo okhokhelwayo weGunsmoke-J, uhulumeni uyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwezikhali zase-US ezikhomba amakhono asemkhathini kuyisifiso sikazwelonke saseNew Zealand. Siwuphikisa kakhulu lo mbono. Enye yezinjongo ze-Outer Space Treaty yango-1967, iNew Zealand eyingxenye yayo, “ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba ekuhloleni ngokuthula nasekusebenziseni indawo engaphandle.” Yize imisebenzi ehlobene nesikhala ibilokhu ifaka izinto zempi, siyawenqaba umbono wokuthi ukusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okubhekela izikhali ezisemkhathini “ukusetshenziswa okunokuthula” kwesikhala futhi kungaqondaniswa nentshisekelo yezwe laseNew Zealand.
Okwesibili, uma nje kwethulwe isathelayithi, iNZG kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi yazi ukuthi izosetshenziselwa ini “imisebenzi ethile yezokuvikela, yezokuphepha noma yezobunhloli”? Ngabe uNgqongqoshe ulindele ukuthi amasosha aseMelika azocela imvume ye-NZG njalo lapho efuna ukusebenzisa isethelayithi iGunsmoke-J, noma ukuphindwaphindwa kwamuva kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuqhubekisela phambili, ukukhomba isikhali eMhlabeni? Lokho kungaba ukucabanga okungenangqondo. Kepha uma kungenjalo, i-NZG ingazi kanjani ukuthi ukusebenza kweholo elinikeziwe kuzosetshenziselwa ukuxhasa imisebenzi engeyona intshisekelo yaseNew Zealand? Sikholelwa ukuthi i-NZG ngeke ikwazi lokhu ngokuqiniseka, ngakho-ke kufanele iyeke ukukhipha izimvume zokwethula yonke imali ekhokhelwa ezempi kusalindwe ukubuyekezwa okugcwele kwe-OSHAA Act 2017, ukufaka ukwengamela kwephalamende.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware kwenza kube nzima ukwazi konke ukusetshenziswa kokuphela kwesathelayithi
Ukuphendula izikhalazo encwadini yethu kaMashi 1, i-NZ Space Agency iphendule ngokuthi inolwazi lobuchwepheshe "endlini" ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukwethulwa kuhambisana noMthetho we-1987, futhi ingathola ubuchwepheshe kwi-MoD, NZDF, naku-NZ izinhlaka zezobunhloli ekwenzeni izinqumo zalolu hlobo. Lokhu kunzima ukukuqonda, njengoba kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ngokomthetho.
Okokuqala, ikhono lokwehlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ukubhekiswa kuphela kwezikhali ezingezona ezenuzi kanye nalezo ezingasekela ukuqondiswa kwezikhali ezingezona ezenuzi nezenuzi kudinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lobuchwepheshe bezinhlelo zenuzi nezindlela zokulawula. Kuyasimangaza ukuthi amalungu e-NZ Space Agency, MoD, NZDF, nezinhlaka zezobunhloli bakholelwa ukuthi anolwazi olunjalo lobungcweti. Sicela ukucaciselwa mayelana nokuthi baluthuthukise kanjani futhi kuphi lobu buchwepheshe, ngokuhambisana nokungaphuli uMthetho we-1987.
Okwesibili, isiqinisekiso se-NZG sokuthi ingaqinisekisa ukuthi iziphuphutheki ezethulwe yiRocket Lab ngeke zephule iSigaba 5 soMthetho we-1987 - okungukuthi, ngokunikela ekuqondisweni kwezikhali zenuzi ngokuzayo noma ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo ezenzelwe leyo nhloso - Kunenkinga enkulu ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe. Uma usu-orbit, isathelayithi kungenzeka ukuthi ithole izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zesoftware, njenganoma iyiphi imishini yokuxhumana yanamuhla. Noma ikuphi ukuvuselelwa okunjalo okuthunyelwa kusathelayithi eyethulwe yiRocket Lab kungasichitha ngokushesha isimangalo se-NZG sokuthi ingaqinisekisa ukuthi isathelayithi ngeke yephule umthetho we-1987. Empeleni, ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware okunjalo kungashiya i-NZG ingazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwanoma iyiphi i-satellite.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuphela kwendlela ezungeze le nkinga uma:
a) i-NZG iskena kuqala izibuyekezo zesoftware amasosha ase-US ahlose ukuyihambisa kuma-satellite asungulwe yi-Rocket Lab okungenzeka ukuthi akhombe izinhlelo zokusebenza - njengeGunsmoke-J; futhi
b) i-NZG ingavotela noma yikuphi ukuvuselelwa okukholelwa ukuthi kungavumela ukwephulwa koMthetho we-1987. Ngokusobala, i-USG kungenzeka ukuthi ingavumelani nalokhu, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-TSA ka-2016 isungula ngokunembile isikhundla esiphakeme sezomthetho nezepolitiki: inikeza i-USG ubukhosi obusebenzayo emisebenzini yokwethulwa kwesikhala se-NZ.
Maqondana nalokhu, siphawula ukukhathazeka iKomidi Eliluleka Ngomphakathi Lokulawulwa Kwezikhali Nokulawulwa Kwezikhali (i-PACDAC) elizwakalise encwadini yalo yangomhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana 2020 eya kuNdunankulu, ekhishwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wezokwazisa Osemthethweni (i-OIA). I-PACDAC yaphawula ukuthi “kungahle kufanele njengoNdunankulu ukuthi uthole izeluleko zezomthetho kuMmeli-Jikelele ngokusebenza koMthetho esikhaleni esivela eMahia Peninsula.” Ngokwamalungelo ethu ngaphansi kwe-OIA, sicela ikhophi lanoma isiphi iseluleko sezomthetho esivela kuMmeli-Jikelele.
I-PACDAC iphinde yeluleka uNdunankulu kuleyo ncwadi ukuthi,
“Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezilandelayo nazo zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana noMthetho;
(a) Izitatimende ezibhaliwe zesikhathi esizayo ezinikezwe uHulumeni wase-US kuHulumeni wase-NZ ngaphansi kwesivumelwano samazwe amabili seTekhnoloji Sokuphepha, esiphathelene nokwethulwa kwesikhala okuhlongozwayo esikhathini esizayo, ziqukethe isitatimende esithile sokuthi okuqukethwe kulayini okhokhelwayo ngeke kusetshenziswe, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukusiza noma enze noma yimuphi umuntu abe namandla okuphatha noma iyiphi into eqhumayo yenuzi.
(b) Izimvume zokukhokha esikhathini esizayo, ezinikezwe nguNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho ngaphansi kwe-High-altitude & Outer Space Activities Act, ziqukethe isiqiniseko esithile sokuthi ukwethulwa kwalokhu kuyahambisana neNZ Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act; noma sihambisana nesitatimende esinomphumela ofanayo. ”
Sizisekela ngokuqinile lezi ziphakamiso futhi sicela amakhophi wanoma yiziphi izimpendulo ezivela kuNdunankulu noma ehhovisi lakhe kwi-PACDAC mayelana nazo.
Sengiphetha, Ndunankulu, sinxusa uhulumeni wakho ukuba amise ukuhlanganiswa okwandayo kweNew Zealand emshinini wokulwa nempi waseMelika, lapho ubuchwepheshe namasu asemkhathini ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwenza njalo, sicela ukuthi uhloniphe amalungelo emana manaua Mahia, abakholelwa ukuthi badukiswe yiRocket Lab mayelana nokuningi okusetshenziselwe ukuhlinzekwa kweMahia Peninsula. Futhi sikucela ukuthi umele inqubomgomo ezimele yezangaphandle uhulumeni ayisekelayo, ikakhulukazi ngokususa izingxenye ze-TSA ezinikeza ubukhosi obusebenzayo be-USG emsebenzini wokwenziwa komkhathi eNew Zealand.
Sibheke phambili ekuphenduleni kwakho emibuzweni ethize kanye nokukhathazeka esikuvezile lapha, kanye nalezo eziphakanyiswe encwadini yethu yango-1 Mashi.
Kusuka ekomidini le-Peace Foundation's International Affairs and Disarmament.
