by Yuri Sheliazhenko, Ofuna Iqiniso, Ngo-September 17, i-2021
IMpumalanga Yurophu eminyakeni engama-20-21 yahlupheka kakhulu ngodlame lwezepolitiki nasezingxabanweni ezihlomile. Isikhathi sokufunda ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula nokuphishekela injabulo.
Indlela yesiko yokulungiselela intsha ukuthi ibambe iqhaza empilweni yezombusazwe yabantu abadala emazweni e-Eastern Partnership naseRussia kwaba, futhi kusenjalo, lokho okwakuthiwa ukukhuliswa kokushisekela izwe kwezempi. ESoviet Union, isakhamuzi esikahle sasibonwa njengabathobela abalalelayo ngaphandle kwemibuzo.
Kule mbono, isiyalo sezempi sasiyisibonelo sempilo yomphakathi ngaphandle kokuphikisana nomkhakha wezepolitiki. Yiqiniso, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwabantu abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza, njengabalandeli “bomphostoli wokungabi nodlame” uLeo Tolstoy kanye namaProthestani, babecindezelwa phakathi nemikhankaso yokulwa “namahlelo” kanye ne “cosmopolitism.”
Izizwe ezingama-post-Soviet zazuza le paradigm futhi zisathambekele ekukhuliseni amasosha alalelayo kunabavoti abanomthwalo wemfanelo. Imibiko yaminyaka yonke ye-European Bureau for Conscientious Objection (EBCO) ikhombisa ukuthi labo ababhalisiwe esifundeni banethuba elincane noma abanalo nhlobo lokwamukelwa ngokomthetho ngokulahlwa kwabo ngempi nokwenqaba ukubulala.
Njengoba kwaziswa uDeutsche Welle, e2017 engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba eBerlin izingcweti zaxoxa ngobungozi bokukhuliswa kokushisekela izwe okwenziwa ngamaSoviet, okukhuthaza ubushiqela eRussia nezinqubomgomo ezingakwesokudla e-Ukraine. Ochwepheshe baphakamise ukuthi womabili la mazwe adinga imfundo yesimanje yentando yeningi yokuba yisakhamuzi.
Ngisho nangaphambilini, e2015, iFederal Foreign Office yaseJalimane neFederal Agency for Civic Education basekele i-Eastern European Network for Citizenship Education (EENCE), inethiwekhi yezinhlangano nochwepheshe abahlose ukuthuthukisa imfundo yobuzwe esifundeni se-Eastern Europe, kufaka phakathi i-Armenia, i-Azerbaijan, iBelarus, iGeorgia, iMoldova, iRussia ne-Ukraine. Abahlanganyeli benethiwekhi basayina imemorandamu, ekhombisa ukuzibophezela okunesibindi emibonweni yeningi, ukuthula, nentuthuko esimeme.
Umqondo wokuvimbela impi ngemfundo yomphakathi yesiko lokuthula ungalandelwa emisebenzini kaJohn Dewey noMaria Montessori. Kwashiwo ngokuncomekayo kuMthethosisekelo we-UNESCO futhi kwaphindwa eSimemezelweni Sika-2016 Selungelo Lokuthula esamukelwa yi-General Assembly yeZizwe Ezihlangene: “selokhu izimpi ziqala ezingqondweni zabantu, kusengqondweni yabantu ukuthi kumele kwakhiwe ukuthula. ”
Isifiso sokuziphatha somhlaba wonke sokufundisela ukuthula sasinamandla kangangokuba nezindinganiso zokukhuliswa kokushisekela izwe zazingakwazi ukuvimbela abanye abafundisi bokuthula ababenentshiseko eSoviet Union nasemazweni angaphambi kweSoviet ukuthi bafundise isizukulwane esilandelayo ukuthi bonke abantu bangabazalwane nodade futhi kufanele baphile ngokuthula .
Ngaphandle kokufunda izisekelo zokungabi nodlame, abantu baseMpumalanga Yurophu kungenzeka bachithe igazi eliningi ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa kombuso wamaKhomanisi, izingxabano ezilandelayo zezepolitiki nezomnotho. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Ukraine neBelarus zashiya izikhali zenuzi, kwathi iRussia yachitha izikhali zenuzi eziphakathi kweziyizi-2 692. Futhi, wonke amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu ngaphandle kwase-Azerbaijan afake enye indlela yokwenza umsebenzi wabantu abangafuni ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza, okuyinto empeleni engafinyeleleki futhi enesijeziso ngokwemvelo kodwa iseyinqubekela phambili ngokuqhathanisa nokungawamukeli ngokuphelele amalungelo abantu abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza.
Sithuthuka kancane ngemfundo yokuthula eMpumalanga Yurophu, sinelungelo lokugubha impumelelo, futhi kukhona amashumi namakhulu ezindaba esifundeni sethu minyaka yonke ngemigubho yoSuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuthula 21 Septhemba ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi. Noma kunjalo, singenza futhi kufanele senze okuningi.
Imvamisa, imfundo yokuthula ayifakiwe ngokusobala ezifundweni zesikole, kepha izinto zayo zingenziwa kwezinye izifundo zemfundo ehlelekile, njengezisekelo zesayensi yezenhlalo nabantu. Thatha, isibonelo, umlando wezwe: ngingawufundisa kanjani ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngokunyakaza kokuthula emakhulwini we-19-20 kanye nomsebenzi weZizwe Ezihlangene ukusungula ukuthula eMhlabeni? UHG Wells wabhala ku “The Outline of History”: “Umqondo njengomlando ojwayelekile waso sonke isintu uyadingeka ukuze kube nokuthula ngaphakathi njengoba kunjalo nangokuthula phakathi kwezizwe.”
UCaroline Brooks noBasma Hajir, ababhali bombiko we-2020 "Imfundo yokuthula ezikoleni ezihlelekile: kungani ibalulekile futhi ingenziwa kanjani?", Bachaza ukuthi imfundo yezokuthula ifuna ukuhlomisa abafundi ngamandla okuvikela nokuxazulula izingxabano ngokubhekana nezabo izimbangela, ngaphandle kokuthola ubudlova, ngezingxoxo nokuxoxisana, futhi nokunika amandla abantu abasha ukuba babe izakhamizi ezinokwethenjelwa ezivulekele umehluko futhi zihloniphe amanye amasiko. Imfundo yokuthula ihlanganisa nezihloko nezinkinga zobuzwe bomhlaba wonke, ubulungiswa bezenhlalo nezemvelo.
Emakilasini, ezinkambeni zasehlobo, nakuzo zonke ezinye izindawo ezifanele, sixoxa ngamalungelo abantu noma izinjongo zentuthuko esimeme, ukuqeqesha ukulamula kontanga namanye amakhono athambile empilo yomphakathi ephucukile, sifundisa ukuthula kwesizukulwane esizayo kwezakhamizi zase-Europe kanye nabantu Umhlaba, iplanethi kamama yabo bonke abantu. Imfundo yokuthula inikeza okungaphezu kwethemba, impela, inika umbono wokuthi izingane zethu nezingane zezingane zethu zingavimbela ukwesaba nezinhlungu zanamuhla zisebenzisa futhi zithuthukise kusasa ulwazi olungcono kakhulu nemikhuba yethu yokuthula nokuthula ngentando yeningi ukuba ngabantu abajabule ngempela.
U-Yurii Sheliazhenko ungunobhala omkhulu we-Ukraine Pacifist Movement, oyilungu leBhodi ye-European Bureau for Obciention Objection, oyilungu leBhodi World BEYOND War. Uthole iziqu ze-Master of Mediation and Conflict Management ngo-2021 kanye ne-Master of Laws degree ngo-2016 eKROK University, kanye ne-Bachelor of Mathematics degree ngo-2004 eTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza enhlanganweni yokuthula, uyintatheli, i-blogger, umvikeli wamalungelo abantu nesazi sezomthetho, umbhali wamashumi ezincwadi zokufunda, kanye nomfundisi wethiyori yezomthetho nomlando.
