nguDavid Swanson, Okthoba 11, 2017, Ake sizame ngentando yeningi.
Ngemva kokufunda nokuzwa ama-akhawunti aphikisana kakhulu e-documentary ye-Vietnam War ka-Ken Burns & Lynn Novick ku-PBS, nginqume ukuthi kufanele ngiyibuke leyo nto. Ngivumelana nokunye ukugxekwa nokunye kokunconywa.
Idokhumentari iqala ngombono oyindida wokuthi uhulumeni wase-US ubenezinhloso ezinhle. Iphetha ngokuncoma isikhumbuzo e-DC kanye nohlu lwayo oludabukisayo lwamagama, ngaphandle kokuthi kukhulunywe ngenani elikhulu lamakadebona aseMelika aleyo mpi asuke ashona ngokuzibulala, kungasaphathwa isibalo esikhulu kakhulu sabantu baseVietnam ababulawa. Ubukhulu besikhumbuzo sabo bonke abafileyo bungaba luncane udonga lwamanje. Ifilimu ithatha "isigebengu sempi" njengenhlamba embi eshiwo kuphela izitha noma ama-peaceniks angakhulile azisola ngayo - kodwa awalokothi akhulume nombuzo wokuba semthethweni kwempi. Ukwesabeka okuqhubekayo kokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwe-Agent Orange cishe kushaywe eceleni njengento eyimpikiswano. Udlame lwempi kumasosha lunikezwa indawo engenakulinganiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abahluphekayo. Amazwi ahlakaniphile ngempela ayemelene nempi yezizathu zokuziphatha nezomthetho kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni awatholakali, ngaleyo ndlela evumela ukulandisa lapho abantu benza khona amaphutha futhi bafunde kuwo. Ezinye iziphakamiso zalokho okungenzeka kwenziwe esikhundleni sempi aziveli. Akukho okuhlinzekwayo kulabo abazuza ngokwezimali empini. Amanga kaNobhala we "Defense" uRobert McNamara kanye noMongameli uLyndon Johnson ngesikhathi isigameko saseGulf of Tonkin singenzekanga sincishisiwe. njll.
Konke lokho okushiwo, ifilimu ihlomule ngokufaka amazwi amaningi engingavumelani nawo noma imibono yawo engiyithola inecala — iwukulandisa kwemibono yabantu, futhi kufanele sizwe eminingi yayo, futhi sifunda ngokuzwa okuningi kuyo. Ifilimu enezingxenye ezingu-10 iphinde ibike ngokusobala nangokucacile ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US uqambe amanga kangakanani ngezisusa zawo kanye namathemba akhe "empumelelo" phakathi nempi - okuhlanganisa nokubonisa izithombe zezintatheli zenethiwekhi ye-TV. ukubika ngobubi bempi ngendlela abangeke bakwazi ukuyenza namuhla futhi bagcine imisebenzi yabo (kuyavunywa, ngokuvamile ngokugxila enkingeni yokufa kwabantu base-US, okuseyinkinga eyodwa izethameli zase-US ezisatshelwa ukuthi ziyikhathalele namuhla). Le filimu iyabika ngokufa kwabantu baseVietnam, nakuba ihambisana ngokuqinile nomkhuba ojwayelekile wokuhlala ubika inani elincane lokufa kwabantu base-US kuqala. Iyabika ngezenzo zonya ezithile ngisho nangokungabi semthethweni kwazo. Ihlela izehlakalo zeGulf of Tonkin njengoba zicasulwe yi-United States ngasogwini lwaseVietnam. Ngamafuphi, yenza umsebenzi owanele ukuze noma yimuphi umbukeli ohlakaniphile angafuna ukuthi kungaphinde kube nempi efana naleyo. Nokho, ukuzenzisa kokuthi enye impi ingase ibe nokuthetheleleka ngokuphelele kushiywa kumile ngokucophelela.
Ngifuna ukubiza ngokukhethekile, futhi ngibonge, ukunaka kwento eyodwa ifilimu ye-PBS ehlanganisayo, okuwukuvukela umbuso kuka-Richard Nixon. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, le ndaba yavela esihlokweni sika Ken Hughes, nabanye ngo Robert Parry. Eminyakeni emine edlule yangena I-Smithsonian, phakathi kwezinye izindawo. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule yathola isaziso encwadini egunyazwe yinkampani-yezokuxhumana ngu Ken Hughes. Ngaleso sikhathi, UGeorge Will ukhulume ngokuvukela umbuso kukaNixon ekudluleni Washington Post, sengathi wonke umuntu wazi konke ngakho. Kudokhumentari entsha ye-PBS, uBurns no-Novick bayaphuma futhi basho ngokucacile okwenzekile, ngendlela u-Will angazange ayenze. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bangase bezwe ngempela okwenzekile.
Okwenzeka yilokhu. Abasebenzi bakaMongameli Johnson bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni zokuthula nabantu baseNyakatho yeVietnam. URichard Nixon oqokelwe isikhundla sikamongameli utshele ngasese abaseNyakatho yeVietnam ukuthi bazothola isivumelwano esingcono uma belinda. UJohnson ukuzwile lokhu wakubiza ngokuvukela umbuso kodwa akashongo lutho esidlangalaleni. U-Nixon wakhankasa ethembisa ukuthi angayiqeda impi. Kodwa, ngokungafani noReagan kamuva owachitha izingxoxo zokukhulula abathunjwa base-Iran, uNixon akazange empeleni alethe lokho ayekubambezele ngasese. Esikhundleni salokho, njengomongameli okhethwe ngesisekelo sokukhwabanisa, waqhubeka futhi wandisa impi (njengoba nje uJohnson enza ngaphambi kwakhe). Uphinde wakhankasela isithembiso sokuqeda impi lapho efuna ukuqokwa kabusha eminyakeni emine kamuva - umphakathi wawungazi ukuthi impi yayingase iphele etafuleni lezingxoxo ngaphambi kokuba uNixon adlulele e-White House uma kuphela. I-Nixon ayizange iphazamise ngokungemthetho (noma kungenzeka ukuthi iqedwe noma nini kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngokuyiqeda).
Iqiniso lokuthi lobu bugebengu bukhona nokuthi uNixon wayefuna bugcinwe buyimfihlo lisikhanyisela ngobugebengu obuncane ngokuvamile obufakwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Watergate.” Idokhumentari ye-PBS iveza ukuthi isifiso sika-Nixon sokungena endaweni ephephile e-Brookings Institution cishe sasiyingxenye yomzamo wokuvala ukuvukela umbuso kwakhe kwasekuqaleni. UBurns noNovick bayehluleka ukusho ukuthi u-Nixon thug uCharles Colson naye wenza itulo ibhomu iBrookings Institute.
Angikwazi ukuphendula ukuthi umphakathi wase-US ngabe wenzeni ukube ukucekelwa phansi kukaNixon kwezingxoxo zokuthula bekwaziwa ngesikhathi kwenzeka. Ngingaphendula ukuthi umphakathi wase-US uzokwenzani uma umongameli wamanje wase-US ephazamisa izingxoxo zokuthula neNyakatho Korea, uNobhala Wezwe ambize nge-moron, futhi enze uSihlalo weKomidi leSenate Foreign Relations Committee amemezele ukuthi ulimele i-United States, yayizifaka engozini ngeMpi Yezwe Yesithathu, futhi yayingakwazi ukuqonda iqiniso. Ngokuyisisekelo, abantu babehlehlela emuva babukele - okungcono kakhulu - ifilimu ekhuluma ngeVietnam kusukela kudala lapho kwakunezinto okufanele sizikhathaze ngazo.
