nguPatterson Deppen, TomDispatch, Agasti 19, 2021
NgoJanuwari 2004, uChalmers Johnson wabhala "Umbuso WaseMelika Wezisekelo"Ye TomDispatch, ephula lokho, empeleni, okwakuthule kulezo zakhiwo eziyinqaba, ezinye ezilingana namadolobhana amancane, asakazeke emhlabeni. Waqala ngale ndlela:
"Njengoba behlukile kwabanye abantu, iningi labantu baseMelika aliboni - noma abafuni ukuqaphela - ukuthi i-United States ibusa umhlaba ngamandla ayo ezempi. Ngenxa yokufihlakala kukahulumeni, izakhamizi zethu zivame ukungazi ukuthi izinqaba zethu zizungeza iplanethi. Le nethiwekhi enkulukazi yezisekelo zaseMelika kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica empeleni yakha uhlobo olusha lombuso - umbuso wezisekelo onendawo yawo okungenzeka ukuthi ufundiswe kunoma yiliphi ikilasi lendawo yesikole samabanga aphezulu. Ngaphandle kokuqonda ubukhulu bale Baseworld egcwele umhlaba wonke, umuntu ngeke aqale ukuqonda ubukhulu nemvelo yezifiso zethu zombuso noma izinga uhlobo olusha lwezempi olubukela ngayo phansi ukuhleleka kwethu kumthethosisekelo.”
Sekudlule iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa kusukela lapho, iminyaka lapho i-US ibilokhu isempini e-Afghanistan, ngaphesheya kweGreater Middle East, nasekujuleni kwe-Afrika. Lezo zimpi sezikhona zonke - uma uzothethelela ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama ngale ndlela - ngokususelwa kulowo "mbuso wezisekelo," okhule waba ngosayizi omangalisayo kuleli khulu leminyaka. Futhi nokho iningi labantu baseMelika alizange likunake nakancane. (Ngikhumbuze ngesikhathi sokugcina noma iyiphi ingxenye yaleyo Baseworld evezwe emkhankasweni wepolitiki kuleli zwe.) Nokho bekuyindlela eyingqayizivele ngokomlando (futhi ebizayo) yokugada iplanethi, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kohlobo lwamakoloni imibuso emidala eyayinalo. bathembele ku.
At TomDispatch, nokho, asikaze sisuse amehlo ethu kuleso sakhiwo sombuso esiyinqaba emhlabeni wonke. NgoJulayi 2007, ngokwesibonelo, u-Nick Turse wakhiqiza ingoma yakhe yokuqala abaningi izingcezu kulezo zisekelo ezingakaze zibonwe kanye nempi yeplanethi eyahamba nazo. Ecaphuna ezinkulukazi e-Iraq eyayise-US ngaleso sikhathi, yena wabhala: “Ngisho namamayela ayisikwele, izigidigidi zamadola, i-Balad Air Base esezingeni eliphezulu kanye neCamp Victory ephonswe phakathi, nokho, izisekelo ohlelweni olusha [ lukaNobhala Wezokuvikela uRobert] Gates zizoba yehla ebhakedeni lenhlangano okungenzeka ibe umninindlu omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Iminyaka eminingi, amasosha ase-US abelokhu ehlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba kanye nenani elikhulu layo yonke into eku (noma) kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ngezinhlelo zakamuva ze-Pentagon Iraq engqondweni, thatha ngokushesha ukuzungeza le planethi yethu ye-Pentagon. "
Ngokufanayo, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, ngoSepthemba 2015, ngesikhathi kushicilelwa incwadi yakhe entsha ngaleso sikhathi. Isizwe Sesizwe, uDavid Vine wathatha TomDispatch abafundi ku- i-spin ebuyekeziwe ngawo kanye lowo mhlaba wezisekelo ze-"Garrisoning the Globe." Waqala ngesigaba okungenzeka, ngokudabukisayo ukuthi, sibhalwe izolo (noma ngokungangabazeki, okudabukisa nakakhulu, kusasa):
“Njengoba amasosha ase-US ehoxise amabutho awo amaningi e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, iningi labantu baseMelika lingaxolelwa ngokungazi ukuthi amakhulu ezisekelo zase-US kanye namakhulu ezinkulungwane zamasosha ase-US asazungeza umhlaba. Nakuba bembalwa abakwaziyo, i-United States ivikela iplanethi ngokungafani nanoma yiliphi izwe emlandweni, futhi ubufakazi bubonakala kusukela eHonduras kuya e-Oman, eJapane kuya eJalimane, eSingapore kuya eDjibouti.”
Namuhla, ngokudabukisayo nakakhulu, uPatterson Deppen unikeza ukubukeka kwakamuva kuleso sakhiwo sobukhosi bomhlaba, sisamile naphezu kwamuva nje. Inhlekelele yaseMelika e-Afghanistan, nakwabaningi kule planethi (njengoba kungeyona eyabantu baseMelika), okufanekisela ubukhona be-US emhlabeni jikelele. Isiqephu sakhe sisekelwe ekubaleni okusha kwezisekelo zePentagon futhi kusikhumbuza ukuthi, kusukela uJohnson abhala lawo mazwi mayelana ne-Baseworld yethu eminyakeni engu-17 edlule, kuncane kakhulu okushintshile endleleni leli zwe elisondela ngayo ingxenye enkulu yeplanethi. Tom
I-All-American Base World
Izisekelo Zezempi Zase-US ezingama-750 zisasele Emhlabeni Wonke
Kwakuyintwasahlobo ka-2003 ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okuholwa yiMelika e-Iraq. Ngangifunda ibanga lesibili, ngihlala esikhungweni samasosha ase-US eJalimane, ngifunda kwesinye sePentagon izikole eziningi imindeni yabasenzi abasebenza phesheya. Ngolunye usuku ngoLwesihlanu ekuseni, ikilasi lami laliphezu kwesiphithiphithi. Sibuthene kumenyu yesidlo sasemini segumbi lasekhaya, sashaqeka lapho sithola ukuthi amazambane athosiwe asagolide, ahlotshiswe kahle aseFrance ayefakwe okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi “amafrimu enkululeko.”
“Ayini ama-freedom fries?” besifuna ukwazi.
Uthisha wethu wasiqinisekisa ngokushesha ngokusho okuthile okufana nalokhu: “Amafrimu athosiwe ayafana namafrimu, angcono kakhulu.” Njengoba iFrance, echaza, yayingayisekeli impi "yethu" e-Iraq, "sisanda kushintsha igama, ngoba ubani odinga iFrance?" Silambele ukudla kwasemini, asibonanga sizathu sokungavumelani. Phela, i-side dish yethu esifiseleka kakhulu ngabe isekhona, noma ngabe ilebulwe kabusha.
Ngenkathi sekudlule iminyaka engama-20 kusukela lapho, leyo nkumbulo yengane efihlekile yabuya kimi ngenyanga edlule lapho, phakathi nokuhoxa kwe-US e-Afghanistan, uMongameli Biden. kumemezela ukuphela kwemisebenzi "yempi" yaseMelika e-Iraq. Kwabaningi baseMelika, kungase kubonakale sengathi wayegcina eyakhe isithembiso ukuqeda izimpi ezimbili zaphakade ezachaza i-post-9/11 "impi yomhlaba wonke yokwesaba." Kodwa-ke, njengoba lezo “zimpi zenkululeko” zingazange zibe enye into, “izimpi zaphakade” zaleli zwe kungenzeka azipheli ngempela. Kunalokho, baba ilebulwe kabusha futhi kubonakala sengathi iqhubeka ngezinye izindlela.
Ngemva kokuvala amakhulukhulu ezisekelo zamasosha kanye nezindawo zokulwa e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, iPentagon manje isizoshintshela ku-“ukweluleka-futhi-ukusiza"indima e-Iraq. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuholi bayo obuphezulu manje bumatasatasa "bubhekisa" e-Asia ukuphishekela izinjongo ezintsha ze-geostrategic ngokuyinhloko ezigxile “ekuqukethe” i-China. Ngenxa yalokho, e-Greater Middle East nasezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ze-Afrika, i-US izozama ukugcina iphrofayili ephansi kakhulu, kuyilapho iqhubeka nezempi ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha nosonkontileka abazimele.
Mina-ke, emashumini amabili eminyaka ngemva kokuqeda lawo mafrikhi enkululeko eJalimane, ngisanda kuqeda ukuhlanganisa uhlu lwezisekelo zamasosha aseMelika emhlabeni wonke, olubanzi kakhulu okungenzeka ngalo ngalesi sikhathi kusukela kulwazi olutholakala esidlangalaleni. Kufanele kusize ukwenza umqondo omkhulu walokho okungase kube yisikhathi esibalulekile soguquko lwezempi yase-US.
Naphezu kokuncipha okulinganiselwe kwezisekelo ezinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi amakhulukhulu asele azodlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwenguqulo ethile yezimpi zaphakade zaseWashington futhi angasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili impi. iMpi Yomshoshaphansi entsha neChina. Ngokwezibalo zami zamanje, izwe lethu lisenezisekelo zezempi ezibalulekile ezingaphezu kuka-750 ezitshalwe emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi nali iqiniso elilula: ngaphandle uma, ekugcineni, behlakazwa, indima yombuso waseMelika kule planethi ngeke iphele, ukupela inhlekelele yaleli zwe eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuhlanganisa "Izisekelo Zombuso"
Ngangijutshwe ukuthi ngihlanganise lokho (ngethemba) esikubize ngokuthi “Uhlu Lokuvalwa Kwesisekelo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-US 2021” ngemva kokuxhumana noLeah Bolger, umongameli we World BEYOND War. Njengengxenye yeqembu elaziwa nge-Overseas Base Realignment and Closure Coalition (I-OBRACC) ezibophezele ukuvala lezi zisekelo, iBolger yangixhumanisa nomsunguli wayo uDavid Vine, umbhalir wencwadi yakudala ngale ndaba, Isizwe Esiyisisekelo: Indlela US Bas Bas Military Ngaphandle Kwezwe Amonakalisa America neMhlaba.
U-Bolger, uVine, nami sabe sesinquma ukuhlanganisa uhlu olusha olunjalo njengethuluzi lokugxila ekuvalweni kwesisekelo sase-US esizayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokungeziwe ekunikezeni ukubalwa kwezimali okuphelele kakhulu kwezisekelo ezinjalo zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ucwaningo lwethu luphinde luqinisekise ukuthi ukuba khona ngisho nokukodwa ezweni kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emibhikishweni emelene namaMelika, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, kanye nezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kumkhokhi wentela waseMelika.
Eqinisweni, isibalo sethu esisha sibonisa ukuthi inani labo eliphelele lehle emhlabeni wonke ngendlela enesizotha (futhi, ezimweni ezimbalwa, lehle kakhulu) kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Kusukela ngo-2011 kuqhubeke, cishe a Izinkulungwane izindawo zokulwa kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lezisekelo ezinkulu zivaliwe e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, kanye naseSomalia. Eminyakeni engaphezudlwana nje kwemihlanu edlule, uDavid Vine Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bekunezisekelo ezinkulu zase-US ezingaba ngu-800 emazweni angaphezu kuka-70, amakoloni, noma izindawo ezingaphandle kwezwekazi lase-United States. Ngo-2021, isibalo sethu siphakamisa ukuthi isibalo sehle safinyelela cishe ku-750. Nokho, funa ucabange ukuthi konke sekuhamba ngendlela efanele, inani lezindawo ezinezisekelo ezinjalo liye lenyuka ngempela kuleyo minyaka efanayo.
Njengoba iPentagon ngokuvamile ifuna ukufihla ubukhona babanye babo, ukuhlanganisa uhlu olunjalo kungaba nzima ngempela, kuqale ngokuthi umuntu usichaza kanjani “isisekelo” esinjalo. Sinqume ukuthi indlela elula bekuwukusebenzisa incazelo yePentagon "yesizinda sesizinda," noma ngabe izibalo zayo zomphakathi zidume kabi. alungile. (Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke umangale ukuthola ukuthi izibalo zakhona ziphansi kakhulu, aziphakeme kakhulu.)
Ngakho-ke, uhlu lwethu luchaze isisekelo esikhulu njenganoma iyiphi “indawo ethile enamaphasela omhlaba noma izinsiza ezabelwe yona… okungukuthi, noma ibiphethwe, iqashelwe, noma ngenye indlela ngaphansi kwamandla oMnyango Wezokuvikela egameni e-United States.”
Ukusebenzisa le ncazelo kusiza ukwenza lula lokho okubalulekile nokungabalulekile, kodwa futhi kushiya okuningi ngaphandle kwesithombe. Akufakiwe izinombolo ezibalulekile zamachweba amancane, izindawo zokulungisa, izindawo zokugcina impahla, iziteshi zikaphethiloli, kanye izindawo zokugada elawulwa yileli zwe, ingasaphathwa eyezisekelo ezicishe zibe ngu-50 uhulumeni waseMelika ukhokhela amasosha akwamanye amazwe. Iningi libonakala lise-Central America (nakwezinye izingxenye zeLatin America), izindawo ezijwayelene nokuba khona kwebutho lezempi lase-US, elibambe iqhaza kulo. iminyaka 175 yokungenelela kwezempi esifundeni.
Noma kunjalo, ngokohlu lwethu, izisekelo zamasosha aseMelika phesheya kwezilwandle manje sezihlakazekile emazweni angama-81, amakoloni, noma izindawo kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Futhi nakuba inani labo eliphelele lingase libe phansi, ukufinyelela kwabo kuye kwaqhubeka nokukhula. Phakathi kuka-1989 nanamuhla, empeleni, amasosha asephindeke kabili inani lezindawo lapho anezisekelo ukusuka ku-40 kuya ku-81.
Lobu bukhona bomhlaba wonke buhlala bungakaze bubonwe. Awukho omunye umbuso oke waba nawo ofanayo, kuhlanganise nowaseBrithani, waseFrance, nowaseSpain. Bakha lokho uChalmers Johnson, owayengumeluleki weCIA aphenduke wabagxeka impi yase-US, eyake yabizwa ngokuthi “.umbuso wezisekelo"Noma"I-globe-girdling Base World. "
Inqobo nje uma lesi sibalo sezisekelo zamasosha angama-750 ezindaweni ezingama-81 siseyiqiniso, izimpi zase-US zizoba njalo. Njengoba kubekwe kafushane uDavid Vine encwadini yakhe yakamuva, Izwe laseMelika, "Izisekelo zivame ukuzala izimpi, ezingazala izisekelo eziningi, ezingazala izimpi eziningi, njalonjalo."
Phezu Kwezimpi Ze-Horizon?
E-Afghanistan, lapho iKabul yawela khona kumaTaliban ekuqaleni kwaleli sonto, amasosha ethu asanda kuyala ukuthi kuhoxiswe ngokushesha, ebusuku kakhulu endaweni eyinqaba yokugcina enkulu, Inkundla yezindiza yaseBagram, futhi azikho izisekelo zase-US ezisele lapho. Izinombolo ziye zehla ngokufanayo e-Iraq lapho lelo butho lamasosha manje selilawula izisekelo eziyisithupha kuphela, kanti ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka inani belizoba seduze 505, kusukela kwezinkulu kuya ezindaweni ezincane zezempi.
Ukudilizwa nokuvala izisekelo ezinjalo kulawo mazwe, eSomalia, nakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokusuka ngokugcwele kwamasosha aseMelika amabili kulawo mazwe amathathu, kwakubalulekile ngokomlando, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, kunikezwe. abanamandla”amabhuzu phansi” sondela abake bakwenza lula. Futhi kungani kwenzeka izinguquko ezinjalo lapho zenzeka? Impendulo ihlobene kakhulu nezindleko ezimangalisayo zabantu, zezombangazwe, nezomnotho zalezi zimpi ezingapheli ezihlulekayo. Ngokusho kweBrown University Izindleko zeProjekthi Yezempi, inani lalezo zingxabano ezingaphumelelanga ngokuphawulekayo empini yamaphekula yaseWashington lalilikhulu kakhulu: 801,000 Ukufa (nokuningi okusendleleni) kusukela ngo-9/11 e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, ePakistan, eSyria naseYemen.
Isisindo salokhu kuhlupheka, vele, sathwalwa ngokulinganayo abantu bamazwe ababhekane nokuhlasela kweWashington, ukuqashwa, ukuhlasela kwezindiza, kanye nokuphazanyiswa cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Bangaphezu kuka-300,000 izakhamizi kulawo mazwe nakwamanye amazwe asebebulewe futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izigidi ezingu-37 abaningi abasusiwe. Cishe amasosha aseMelika ayi-15,000, okuhlanganisa amasosha nosonkontileka abazimele, nawo aseshonile. Inqwaba yokulimala okubi eyenzeke kanye nezigidi zezakhamuzi, abalwi abaphikisayo, kanye Amasosha aseMelika. Sekukonke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi, ngo-2020, lezi zimpi zangemva kuka-9/11 zase zibize abakhokhi bentela baseMelika. $ 6.4 isigidintathu.
Ngenkathi inani eliphelele lezisekelo zamasosha ase-US phesheya lingase lehle njengoba ukwehluleka kwempi yamaphekula kungena, izimpi zaphakade kungenzeka ukuqhubeka ngokufihlakala okwengeziwe ngamabutho e-Special Operations, osonkontileka bezempi abazimele, neziteleka zezindiza eziqhubekayo, kungaba se-Iraq, Somalia, noma kwenye indawo.
E-Afghanistan, noma sekusele amasosha angama-650 kuphela ase-US, egade ihhovisi lenxusa laseMelika eKabul. kuqinisa izindiza zayo ezweni. Yethule ishumi nambili ngoJulayi kuphela, muva nje kwashona abantu abangu-18 esifundazweni saseHelmand eningizimu ye-Afghanistan. Ngokuvumelana ne Unobhala Wezokuvikela uLloyd Austin, ukuhlasela okufana nalokhu kwakwenziwa ezisekelweni noma ezisekelweni zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ezihlome “amakhono angaphezu komkhathizwe,” okuthiwa zitholakala endaweni. I-United Arab Emirates, noma i-UAE, kanye Qatar. Ngalesi sikhathi, iWashington ibilokhu ifuna (okwamanje ingakaphumeleli) ukusungula izisekelo ezintsha emazweni angomakhelwane ne-Afghanistan ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokubhekwa, ukubhekwa kabusha, kanye neziteleka zomoya ezingase zibe khona, okuhlanganisa nokuqashisa izisekelo zamasosha aseRussia Tajikistan.
Futhi khumbula, uma kukhulunywa ngeMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-UAE neQatar kuyisiqalo nje. Kunezisekelo zamasosha ase-US kuwo wonke amazwe asePersian Gulf ngaphandle kwe-Iran ne-Yemen: eziyisikhombisa e-Oman, ezintathu e-UAE, 11 eSaudi Arabia, eziyisikhombisa eQatar, 12 eBahrain, 10 eKuwait, kanye nalezo eziyisithupha ezise-Iraq. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungaba nomthelela ezinhlotsheni zezimpi “ezisemajukujukwini” i-US manje ebonakala izibophezele kuzo emazweni afana ne-Iraq, njengoba izisekelo zayo eKenya nase-Djibouti zivumela ukuthi iqale. izindiza eSomalia.
Izisekelo Ezintsha, Izimpi Ezintsha
Ngaleso sikhathi, ingxenye yomhlaba wonke, sibonga ngokwengxenye ekuphusheni okukhulayo kwesitayela seMpi Yomshoshaphansi “isithako” yaseChina, kwakhiwa izisekelo ezintsha ePacific.
Kukhona, okungenani, izithiyo ezincane kuleli zwe zokwakha izizinda zamasosha phesheya kwezilwandle. Uma izikhulu zePentagon zinquma ukuthi kudingeka isisekelo esisha esiyizigidi ezingama- $ 990 eGuam ukuze “ukuthuthukisa amakhono okulwa” ku-pivot yaseWashington eya e-Asia, zimbalwa izindlela zokuzivimbela ekwenzeni kanjalo.
Camp Blaz, isizinda sokuqala se-Marine Corps ukwakhiwa e-Pacific Island of Guam kusukela ngo-1952, besisakhiwa kusukela ngo-2020 ngaphandle kokuhlehla kancane noma inkulumo-mpikiswano ngokuthi ibidingeka noma cha kubakhi bezinqubomgomo nezikhulu eWashington noma phakathi komphakathi waseMelika. Kuhlongozwa izisekelo ezintsha nakakhulu eziqhingini zasePacific eziseduze zase I-Palau, i-Tinian, ne-Yap. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni kubhikishwe kakhulu isizinda esisha e-Henoko esiqhingini sase-Japan sase-Okinawa, i-Futenma Replacement Facility, “akunakwenzeka” ezoke iqedwe.
Okuncane kwalokhu kwakwaziwa kuleli zwe, yingakho uhlu lomphakathi lwezinga eligcwele lezisekelo, ezindala nezintsha, emhlabeni jikelele lubalulekile, noma ngabe kunzima kangakanani ukukhiqiza ngokusekelwe kurekhodi le-Pentagon. etholakalayo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ingakhombisa izinga elifinyelela kude kanye nokushintsha kwemizamo yombuso waleli zwe emhlabeni jikelele, ingase futhi isebenze njengethuluzi lokukhuthaza ukuvalwa kwesisekelo esizayo ezindaweni ezifana neGuam neJapan, lapho njengamanje kunezisekelo ezingama-52 nezingu-119 ngokulandelana - Kwakungumphakathi waseMelika ngolunye usuku ukubuza ngokungathí sina ukuthi amadola abo entela ayaphi ngempela nokuthi kungani.
Njengoba kuncane kakhulu ukuma endleleni yePentagon eyakha izisekelo ezintsha phesheya kwezilwandle, empeleni akukho lutho oluvimba uMongameli Biden ukuthi azivale. Njengoba I-OBRACC ukhomba, kuyilapho kukhona a inqubo okubandakanya ukugunyazwa kwekhongolose ukuvala noma yisiphi isizinda samasosha asekhaya ase-US, akukho kugunyazwa okunjalo okudingekayo phesheya. Ngeshwa, kuleli zwe okwamanje awukho umnyakazo obalulekile wokuqeda leyo Baseworld yethu. Kwezinye izindawo, nokho, izimfuno nemibhikisho okuhloswe ngayo ukuvala izisekelo ezinjalo Belgium kuya Guam, Japan kuya i-United Kingdom - cishe emazweni angama-40 konke okushiwo - kwenzeke phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule.
NgoDisemba 2020, nokho, ngisho nesikhulu sezempi sase-US esiphezulu, usihlalo weJoint Chiefs of Staff uMark Milley, Ebuzwa: “Ingabe zonke lezo [izisekelo] ziyadingeka ngempela ukuze kuvikelwe i-United States?”
Kafushane, cha. Noma yini kodwa. Noma kunjalo, kusukela namuhla, naphezu kokuncipha okuncane kwenani labo, i-750 noma ngaphezulu esele ingase idlale indima ebalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukuqhubeka "kwezimpi zaphakade" zaseWashington, kuyilapho isekela ukwanda kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi neChina. Njengoba uChalmers Johnson waxwayiswa ngo-2009, “Imibuso embalwa yakudala yadela ukubusa kwayo ngokuzithandela ukuze ihlale izimele, ipolitiki ezibusayo… Uma singafundi ezibonelweni zayo, ukwehla nokuwa kwethu kunqunywa kusengaphambili.”
Ekugcineni, izisekelo ezintsha zisho kuphela izimpi ezintsha futhi, njengoba eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-20 edlule ibonisile, leyo akuyona indlela yokuphumelela kwizakhamizi zaseMelika noma kwabanye emhlabeni jikelele.
Copyright 2021 Patterson Deppen
Landela TomDispatch on Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka iDispatch Books entsha, inoveli entsha kaJohn Feffer, ESinglands (owokugcina ochungechungeni lwakhe lweSplinterlands), inoveli kaBeverly Gologorsky Wonke Umzimba Unendaba, noTom Engelhardt Isizwe Esenziwe Ngempi, kanye no-Alfred McCoy Emthunzini Wenkulungwane YaseMelika: Ukuvuka Nokwehla Kwamandla Amandla OseMelika noJohn Dower I-American Century Ebudlova: Impi Nezobuphekula Kusukela Empi Yezwe II.
