Ngu-Amada Benavides de Pérez, Ephreli 11, 2020
Kusukela Umkhankaso Wezwe Lomhlaba Wokuthula
Ukuze uthole ukuthula, wamukelekile
Ezinganeni, inkululeko
Konina, ukuphila
Ukuhlala ngokuthula
Lena inkondlo uJuan[1] ayibhala ngoSuku Lokuthula Lomhlaba, ngoSepthemba 21 odlule, 2019. Ekanye nenye intsha, wabamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwethu. Bacula izingoma futhi babhala nemiyalezo eqondise ngalolu suku, benethemba njengebhengezo, bengabantu bendawo lapho yangaphambili i-FARC yayinekomkhulu layo futhi namuhla iyizindawo zokuthula. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Ephreli 4, abalingisi abasha empini baphuphuthekisa impilo yale nsizwa, uyise - umholi wezinyunyana zabalimi - nomunye wabafowabo. Konke lokhu phakathi nesikhathi sokufika ekhaya esibekwe nguHulumeni njengesinyathelo sokulawula ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Lesi sibonelo somuntu wokuqala sibonisa izinsongo eziningi ezenzeka emazweni anezingxabano ezicashile zezikhali nezenhlalo, njengendaba yase-Colombia.
“Kunalabo, okudabukisayo ukuthi, ‘ukuhlala ekhaya’ akuyona inketho kubo. Akuyona inketho emindenini eminingi, emiphakathini eminingi, ngenxa yokubuya kwempi nodlame,”[2] kwakungamazwi omklomelo weGoldman Prize, uFrancia Márquez. Kuye nakwabanye abaholi, ukufika kwamacala e-COVID-19 ekugcineni kukhubaza ukukhathazeka le miphakathi ebhekene nakho ngenxa yezingxabano ezihlomile. NgokukaLeyner Palacios, umholi ohlala eChoco, ngaphezu kwe-COVID-19, kumele babhekane “nobhadane” lokungabi nayo “imisele yamanzi, imithi, noma izisebenzi zezokwelapha ukuthi zisinakekele.”
Umqedazwe nezindlela zokulawula ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwawo kuthinte ngokwehlukile izimo zesigaba samadolobha aphezulu naphakathi nendawo, abantu abaningi basemadolobheni abaphila emnothweni ongakahleleki, kanye ne-Colombia yasemaphandleni ejulile.
Bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-13 abantu abahlala eColombia emnothweni ongakahleleki, befuna nsuku zonke ukuthola imali encane yokuziphilisa. Leli qembu lihlanganisa abantu abathembele ekuthengisweni okungakahleleki, osomabhizinisi abancane nabancane, abesifazane abanemisebenzi eyingozi, kanye namaqembu angabandakanywanga. Abazange bahambisane nemikhawulo ebekiwe, ngoba kulesi sibalo inkinga iwukuthi, ngamazwi abo: “ukubulawa yigciwane noma ukubulawa yindlala.” Phakathi kuka-March 25 no-31 kwaba khona okungenani imihlangano engu-22 eyahlukene, engu-54% yayo eyenzeka emadolobheni amakhulu kanye nama-46% kwabanye omasipala.[3] Bacele uHulumeni izindlela zokusekela, okuthi, nakuba sezinikiwe, azanele, ngoba ziyizinyathelo ezenziwa ngemibono yobaba futhi azisekeli noma azinakekeli izinguquko eziphelele. Lesi sibalo sabantu siphoqeleka ukuba sephule imingcele yokuhlukaniswa, sidale ubungozi obuseduze ezimpilweni zabo nasemiphakathini yabo. Ngokuhambisana nalokho, kulezi zikhathi ukuxhumana phakathi komnotho ongekho emthethweni kanye nomnotho ongekho emthethweni kuzokhula futhi kwandise ukungqubuzana komphakathi.
Maqondana nezindawo zasemaphandleni zaseColombia, njengoba uRamón Iriarte aqoka, “Enye iColombia iyizwe 'elivalelwe yedwa.' Abantu bayabaleka bayocasha ngoba bayazi ukuthi lapha kubhekene nezinsongo.” Emavikini okugcina kaMashi kube nezimpawu zokuguquguquka okungenzeka phakathi nalolu bhubhane: uchuku nokubulawa kwabaholi bezenhlalo, izehlakalo ezintsha zokufuduka ngenkani nokuvalelwa, ukugeleza kabusha kwabafuduki bamazwe aphesheya kanye nezimpahla ngenxa yezindlela ezingekho emthethweni, izibhelu kanye nemibhikisho kwezinye izindawo. emadolobheni amakhulu, ukwanda kokusha kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezinjenge-Amazon, nokuphikiswa kwezakhamuzi ezithile zokuqeda izilimo ezingekho emthethweni ngenkani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufuduka kweVenezuela, kubalwa namuhla kubantu abangaphezu kwesigidi namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ayizinkulungwane, abahlala ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ngaphandle kokufinyelela kokudla, izindlu, impilo kanye nomsebenzi ohloniphekile. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi imiphi imiphumela engaba khona endaweni yomngcele, ivaliwe njengengxenye yezinyathelo zokusabela kugciwane. Lapho, usizo lukahulumeni lokusiza abantu lulinganiselwe futhi impendulo enkulu inikezwa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, okuye kwazisa ukumiswa okwesikhashana kwemisebenzi yayo.
Ngokusho kwe-Fundacion Ideas para la Paz[4], i-COVID-19 izoba nomthelela ezimpini zezikhali nasekusetshenzisweni kwesivumelwano sokuthula, kodwa imiphumela yayo izohlukaniswa futhi ingabi mibi ngempela. Isimemezelo se-ELN sokuqeda ukulwa kanye nokuqokwa okusha kukaHulumeni Kwabaphathi Bokuthula kuyizindaba eziletha ithemba.
Okokugcina, ukuzihlukanisa kusho ukwanda kodlame phakathi komndeni, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane namantombazane. Ukuhlalisana ezindaweni ezincane kukhulisa amazinga okungqubuzana kanye nobudlova ngokumelene nababuthaka kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kubonakale ezilungiselelweni eziningi, kodwa kunomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni ezinezingxabano ezihlomile.
Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi: yiziphi izenzo okufanele kubhekwane nazo kulezi zikhathi ezinzima, kokubili ezingeni likahulumeni, emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi?
Omunye wemiphumela ebalulekile yobhubhane ukubuyiswa komqondo womphakathi kanye nezibopho zoMbuso esiqinisekweni esiphelele samalungelo abantu nesithunzi somuntu. Lokhu kubandakanya isidingo sokulawula izimo zokuqashwa esikhathini esisha sedijithali. Umbuzo kulezi zimo uthi, imibuso entekenteke ingaphinda iqale kanjani isiqondiso senqubomgomo yomphakathi, lapho amandla azo elinganiselwe, ngisho nasezimeni ezijwayelekile?
Kodwa ukunika umbuso amandla amakhulu kanye nokulawula kungase futhi kunikeze indlela yokwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zengcindezelo, eziphoqelelayo nezinegunya, njengalokho okwenzekile emazweni lapho imithetho yengcindezelo eyeqisayo ebeka isikhathi sokubuya ekhaya kuhlonyiwe kanye nezinsongo zokuphoqelela izinyathelo ngokusekelwa Amasosha. Imizimba ebusayo kanye nokulawula inani labantu abavela kwa-Biopower kwakuyizindawo uFoucault ayezilindele ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule.
Enye indlela emaphakathi iye yavela kohulumeni basekhaya. Ukusuka eNew York kuya e-Bogotá nase-Medellín, baye banikeza izimpendulo ezifika ngesikhathi nezisebenzayo kubantu abaningi, ngokungafani nezifanayo nezibandayo ezithathwe ezinhlanganweni zikazwelonke. Ukuqinisa le misebenzi kanye namandla avela kubasebenzi bendawo kanye namazinga kubalulekile, ngokuxhumana okulandelanayo nezenzo zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe. Sebenza endaweni, ukuze ube nomthelela emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuze uthole imfundo yokuthula, kuyithuba lokungena ezindabeni nasezimisweni eziye zaba amafulege okunyakaza kwethu: ukuqinisa izimiso zokunakekela, okusho ukuzinaka thina, kwabanye abantu, ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo nendawo ezungezile; ukuqinisa isidingo sokuvikelwa okuphelele kwamalungelo; ukuqhubekela phambili ekuzinikeleni ekuqedeni ubuzwe kanye nempi; cabanga kabusha izindlela zomnotho ezintsha zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokuvikela imvelo; phatha izingxabano ngezindlela ezingenabo udlame ukuze kugwenywe ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa kwe-intrafamily ngezikhathi zokuvalelwa futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kunezinselelo eziningi, amathuba amaningi okuvumela uJuan nabanye abantu abasha esisebenza nabo ukuthi:
Okokuphila, umoya
Okomoya, inhliziyo
Ngenhliziyo, uthando
Ngothando, inkohliso.
Amanothi Nezikhombo
[1] Igama elifanisiwe ukuze kuvikelwe ubunikazi bakhe
[2] https://www.cronicadelquindio.com/noticia-completa-titulo- victimas-del-conflicto-claman-por-cese-de-violencia-ante- pandemia-cronica-del-quindio-nota-138178
[3] http://ideaspaz.org/media/website/FIP_COVID19_web_FINAL_ I-V3.pdf
[4] http://ideaspaz.org/media/website/FIP_COVID19_web_FINAL_V3.pdf
U-Amada Benavides unguthisha waseColombia oneziqu kwezemfundo, izifundo ze-postgraduate kusayensi yezenhlalakahle kanye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Usebenze kuwo wonke amazinga emfundo ehlelekile, kusukela ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu kuya kuma-postgraduate faculties. Kusukela ngo-2003, u-Amada ube ngumongameli we-Peace Schools Foundation, futhi kusukela ngo-2011 wazinikela ngokugcwele ekukhuthazeni amasiko okuthula ngemfundo yokuthula e-Colombia ezimweni ezisemthethweni nezingezona ezisemthethweni. Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2011, ubeyiLungu le-United Nations Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries, Ihhovisi likaKhomishana Omkhulu Wamalungelo Abantu. Manje usebenza ezindaweni ezingemuva kwezingxabano eziphethwe yi-FARC, esekela othisha nentsha ekusetshenzisweni kwezivumelwano zokuthula.
