Ngu-Ann Wright, Septhemba 13, 2019
"Umhlaba wethu mncane kakhulu ukuthi kumele sihlale ngokuthula" kusho inhloko yenhlangano yomama bezingqalabutho zempi eYakutsk, eSiberia, Far East Russia futhi yanxusa "omama ukuba bahlanganyele ukulwa impi," umuzwa wokuthi, naphezu kwezenzo yezombangazwe nabaholi bethu bakahulumeni, ingenye yezintambo eziningi ezivamile abantu baseRussia abavamile nabaseMelika abavamile abelana ngazo.
Ukuya E-Far East Russia
BengiseRussia Far East, edolobheni laseYakutsk njengengxenye yesakhamuzi saseCentre for Citizens Initiatives ezinhlelweni zezakhamuzi. Ithimba labantu be-45-abavela e-United States liqede izinsuku eziyisihlanu zokuxoxisana eMoscow nochwepheshe baseRussia kwezomnotho, kwezepolitiki nezokuphepha mayelana nokuhlaziya kwabo iRussia yanamuhla, bakha amaqembu amancane futhi basabalalisa emadolobheni ase20 kulo lonke elaseRussia ukuhlangana nabantu nokufunda ngezimpilo zabo, amathemba abo namaphupho abo.
Lapho ngigibela indiza yezindiza i-S7 esuka eMoscow, ngacabanga ukuthi kumele ngabe ngingene endizeni engafanele. Kwakungathi ngilibangise eBishkek, eKyrgyzstan esikhundleni seYakutsk, iSakha, iSiberia! Njengoba ngangiya e-Far East Russia, ngangilindele ukuthi iningi labagibeli kuzoba ngabantu base-Asiya bezinhlobo ezithile, hhayi abaseRussia baseYurophu, kepha bengingalindelanga ukuthi bazobukeka njengamaKyrgyz ohlanga avela eCentral Asia izwe laseKyrgyzstan.
Futhi lapho ngehla endizeni eYakutsk, amahora ayisithupha nezindawo zesikhathi eziyisithupha kamuva, empeleni ngangisesikhathini sokubuyela emuva iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngaya e1994 lapho ngifika eKyrgyzstan ngohambo lweminyaka emibili lwaseMelika.
Idolobha laseYakutsk lalibukeka njengedolobha laseBishkek elinezinhlobo ezifanayo zezakhiwo zezitayela zaseSoviet, ezinamapayipi afanayo angenhla okushisa zonke izakhiwo. Futhi njengoba ngibonile phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu ngihlangana nabantu emakhaya abo, ezinye zezakhiwo zakudala zaseSoviet zinezitebhisi ezifanayo ezingakhanyi kahle, ezinganakekelwa kahle, kepha uma sezingaphakathi kwamafulethi, imfudumalo nentelezi yabahlali bekuzokhanya.
Kepha njengakuzo zonke izingxenye zeRussia, izinguquko kwezomnotho eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule ngemuva kokuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union ziguqule impilo enkulu yansuku zonke yabantu baseRussia. Ukuhamba ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 kubhekwane nobungxiwankulu nokwenziwa kwesisekelo sezimboni ezinkulu zikahulumeni waseSoviet nokuvulwa kwamabhizinisi amancane namaphakathi aphakathi kwaletha ukwakhiwa okusha emphakathini wamabhizinisi kanye nasezindlini zesigaba esiphakathi esisha eshintsha ukubukeka kwamadolobha ERussia. Ukungeniswa kwempahla, okokusebenza kanye nokudla okuvela eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwavula umnotho kwabaningi. Kodwa-ke, abahola impesheni nalabo abasezindaweni zasemakhaya abanemali elinganiselwe bathole izimpilo zabo zinzima kakhulu futhi abaningi bafisa izinsuku zeSoviet Union lapho bezizwa bephephe kakhulu kwezomnotho ngosizo lukahulumeni.
Impi Yezwe Yesibili Ikhunjulwa Ngokusobala: Kwadlula izigidi ze-26
Imiphumela yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba isazwakala kumaRussia kulo lonke leli lizwe kubandakanya neRussia Far East ekude. Izakhamizi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 weSoviet Union babulawa ngenkathi amaNazi aseJalimane ehlasela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abantu baseMelika abangama-400,000 babulawa ezinkundleni zemidlalo zaseYurophu nasePacific zeMpi Yezwe II. Yonke imindeni yaseSoviet yathinteka lapho amalungu omndeni ebulawa nemindeni kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union ihlushwa ukuswela ukudla. Iningi lokushisekela izwe eRussia namuhla kugxile ekukhumbuleni ukuzidela okukhulu eminyakeni engama-75 eyedlule yokuqeda ukuhlasela nokuvinjezelwa kwamaNazi nokuzibophezela ekungalingeni elinye izwe lifake iRussia esimweni esinjalo futhi.
Yize iYakutsk yayiyizindawo eziphindwe kasithupha namamayela angama-3,000 omoya noma ama-5400 okushayela ibanga ukusuka ngaphambili ngasentshonalanga eduze kwaseSt.Petersburg kanye namazwe asempumalanga yeYurophu ayevinjezelwe, abantu baseSoviet Far East baqoqwa ukusiza ukuvikela izwe. Ehlobo lama-1940 okuqala, izinsizwa zazifakwa ezikebheni emifuleni eyayigudla inyakatho iye e-Arctic futhi ithunyelwe izungeze ngaphambili.
Ukuhlangana Veterans eRussia
Njengoba ngiliqhawe lezempi lase-US, abaphathi bami bengihlelele ukuthi ngihlangane namaqembu amabili ahlobene nezempi eYakutsk.
UMaria Emelyanova uyinhloko e-Yakutsk yeKomidi LamaMama Amasosha aseRussia, inhlangano eyasungulwa ngo-1991 ngemuva kokubuya kwamasosha aseSoviet evela e-Afghanistan ngo-1989 futhi ayekhuthele kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yokuqala YaseChechen (1994-96) lapho i kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwabulawa amasosha aseRussia abalelwa ku-6,000 kwathi phakathi kwabantu abangu-30,000-100,000 baseChechen bafa kule mpi.
UMaria uthe isihluku sempi yamaChechen njengoba kubonwe kwiTV yaseRussia senza ukuthi abesifazane ababili baseYakutsk bafe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Izinsizwa ze40 zasesifundeni saseYakutia zabulawa eChechnya.
Ngibuze ngokubandakanyeka kweRussia eSyria waphendula wathi ngokwazi kwakhe awekho amabutho asemhlabeni aseRussia aseSyria kepha i-Air Force ikhona futhi kubulawe abezindiza abaningi baseRussia ngenkathi i-US ithumela umcibisholo esikhungweni se-Air Force eSyria. Uthe ukufa nokubhujiswa kweSyria kubi kakhulu. UMaria wanezela, "Umhlaba wethu mncane kakhulu ukuthi kufanele siphile ngokuthula" futhi wanxusa "omama ukuba bahlangane balwe nempi," okufakazelwa amaqembu amaningi aseMelika, kubandakanya amaVeterans for Peace and Military Families Speak Out.
Ukwenza umsebenzi wezempi ophoqelekile eRussia kungunyaka owodwa futhi ngokusho kukaMaria, imindeni ayiphikisani nezinsizwa eziqeqeshelwa ezempi njengoba ibanika isiyalo namathuba angcono omsebenzi ngemuva konyaka owodwa wokusebenza – kufana nomqondo owanikezwa yimindeni eminingi yase-US-- kanye nokuthandwa kwama-veteran okunikezwe imisebenzi e-US.
Ngahlonishwa ngokuhlangana noRaisa Fedorova, isalukazi esineminyaka engama-95 sebutho laseSoviet eMpini Yezwe II. URaisa usebenze iminyaka emi-3 ophikweni lwezokuvikela emoyeni oluvikela amapayipi kawoyela azungeze iBaku, e-Azerbaijan. Washada nowesilisa waseYakutsk wathuthela eSiberia lapho bakhulisa khona izingane zabo. Ungumholi wenhlangano yomakadebona beMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili ebizwa ngeKatusha (igama le-rocket) futhi ukhuluma njalo ezinganeni zesikole ngokushaqeka nokubhujiswa kweMpi Yezwe II eRussia nakubantu baseRussia. Yena nabanye omakadebona bayahlonishwa emiphakathini yabo ngezingqinamba ezinkulu ezibhekene nesizukulwane sabo sokwehlula amaNazi.
Izindiza ZaseMelika Zindiza Zisuka e-Alaska zaya eRussia ngabashayeli bezindiza baseSoviet
Kulezi zinsuku zokungezwani phakathi kweRussia ne-United States, abaningi bayakhohlwa ukuthi ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, ngaphansi kohlelo lweLend Lease, i-United States yandise kakhulu umkhiqizo wayo wezimboni ukuhlinzeka izindiza nezimoto emasosheni aseSoviet ukuze anqobe amaNazi. I-Yakutsk ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile kulolu hlelo njengoba yaba ngesinye sezindawo zokuma zezindiza ezingama-800 ezazenziwe e-United States zadluliselwa eFairbanks, e-Alaska ngabashayeli bezindiza baseMelika lapho abashayeli bezindiza baseSoviet bahlangana nabo khona-ke babezohambisa indiza amakhilomitha angama-9700 ngaphezulu ihlukanise iSiberia nezisekelo eziseCentral Russia.
IFairbanks neYakutsk baba amadolobha odaba kulokhu kuxhuma futhi ngamunye unesikhumbuzo kubashayeli bezindiza abavela e-US naseRussia abahamba ngendiza.
Ukuhlelelwa kokudala kwezindiza ezindaweni ezise9 eSiberia kwakuphawuleka kakhulu ngezinto zokusekela izindiza.
Isazi-mlando nomlobi u-Ivan Efimovich Negenblya wase Yakutsk yisiphathimandla esaziwayo, somhlaba wonke kulolu hlelo futhi ubhale izincwadi ezi-8 ngokubambisana okuphawulekayo eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu edlule phakathi kwezinhlelo zase-US nezaseSoviet ezilwa nesitha esisodwa.
Amaqembu Ezinhlanga Nezwe
Abantu abahlala endaweni yaseYakutsk baphawuleka njengomhlaba oyingqayizivele abahlala kuwo. Bavela ezinhlangeni eziningi zomdabu ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ngaphansi kohlelo lweSoviet ngemfundo yolimi lwesiRussia. Imicimbi yamasiko igcina amafa obuzwe ephila. Ukucula, umculo, ubuciko kanye nezingubo zohlanga ngalunye kubaluleka kakhulu endaweni yaseYakutsk.
Ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye zaseRussia lapho abantu abasha besuka emaphandleni beya emadolobheni, inani labantu baseYakutsk lihlala lingama-300,000 azinzile. Uhulumeni wobumbano waseRussia unikeza umuntu ngamunye eRussia ihektare elilodwa lomhlaba ophethwe ngohulumeni eSiberia enganabantu ukuba bagcwale le ndawo futhi basuse ubunzima emadolobheni. Imindeni ingahlanganisa amahektha ayo ibe yinani elifanele lomhlaba wezolimo noma amanye amabhizinisi. Esinye isakhamuzi sathi indodana yakhe nomndeni wakhe bathole umhlaba omusha abazokhuphula kuwo amahhashi njengoba inyama yehhashi idliwa kakhulu kunenkomo. Umhlaba kufanele ukhombise izinga elithile lokuhlala nokukhiqiza kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu noma ubuyiselwe echibini lomhlaba.
IPeople's Party for Women Of Russia ekomkhulu layo eYakutsk isiza abesifazane nemindeni eYakutsk kanye ne-arctic north ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezingane, utshwala, udlame lwasekhaya. U-Angelina utshele ngokuziqhenya ngemikhankaso yabesifazane abaya enyakatho emadolobhaneni akude beyobamba “amakilasi aphezulu” ezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene. Leli qembu lisebenza emazweni omhlaba ngezethulo ezingqungqutheleni eMongolia futhi lithanda ukukhulisa oxhumana nabo e-United States.
Abantu Abasha baseRussia Bakhathazeka Ngomnotho
Ezingxoxweni nabantu abasha abambalwa, bonke ababematasa ngomakhalekhukhwini, njengoba nje nentsha yaseMelika, ikusasa labo lezomnotho lalibakhathaza kakhulu. Imvelo yezepolitiki yayinesasasa, kepha yayigxile kakhulu ekutheni osopolitiki bazothuthukisa kanjani umnotho omile. Kwinto entsha, abantu baseRussia kanye nemindeni bangena ezikweletini ukuze bahlangabezane nezindleko zanyanga zonke. Ukutholakala kokuthengiswayo nokuthenga ngesikweletu, okuvame kakhulu e-US lapho imindeni ithwala isikweletu esingu-50%, kuyisici esisha sempilo emphakathini wobungxiwankulu oneminyaka engama-25. Inzalo yemalimboleko icishe ibe ngama-20% ngakho-ke uma usukweletwe ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kwesimo somnotho, isikweletu siyaqhubeka nokuhlangana sishiya imindeni emisha inendlela enzima yokuphuma ngaphandle kokuthi umnotho uqoke. Ekuxoxeni ngoHlelo Lukazwelonke lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona ama- $ 400 billion ezingqalasizinda, ezempilo nezemfundo ukukhuthaza umnotho, abanye bebebuza ukuthi imali izosetshenziswa kuphi, yiziphi izinkampani ezizothola izinkontileka, okufakazela ukungabaza ukuthi impilo yabo yansuku zonke izothuthuka nokuthi amazinga enkohlakalo angadla ingxenye enhle yoHlelo Lukazwelonke.
Ayikho iMibhikisho Yezepolitiki eYakutsk
Akukaze kube nemibhikisho yezepolitiki eYakutsk njengaleyo eyenzeke eMoscow. Umbhikisho wamuva nje bekungowokudlwengulwa kwentombazane yaseYakutsk yindoda yaseKyrgyz. Lokhu kwaletha izingqinamba zokufuduka kweKyrgyz ziye eRussia futhi ikakhulukazi eYakutia kugxilwe ngokuphelele. I-Russia ivumele iKyrgyz ukuthi ithuthele eYakutia ukuze ithole imisebenzi. Ulimi lwesiKyrgyz lususelwa esiTurkish njengolimi lwesiYakut. Njenge-republic yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, izakhamizi zaseKyrgyzstan azikhulumi nje kuphela isiKyrgyz kodwa nezaseRussia. Ngokuvamile, amaKyrgyz ahlangana kahle nomphakathi waseYakutia, kepha lesi sehlakalo silethe ukungezwani okuvela kumgomo wezokufuduka waseRussia.
Ingabe i-US iyisitha saseRussia?
Ngibuze lo mbuzo, "Ucabanga ukuthi i-US iyisitha seRussia?" kubantu abaningi eMoscow naseYakutsk. Akekho noyedwa umuntu owathi "yebo." Ukuphawula okujwayelekile bekuthi "Siyawathanda amaMelika kodwa asizithandi izinqubomgomo ezithile zikahulumeni wakho." Abambalwa bathe badidekile ukuthi kungani uhulumeni waseRussia ebezothambisa okhethweni lwase-US lwase-2016 azi ukuthi ukuwa kwalaba kuzoba kubi-ngakho-ke, abakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni wabo ukwenzile.
Abanye bathi unswinyo iMelika olwalubeke eRussia ngokuncishwa kweCrimea ngo-2014 nokugxambukela kokhetho lwaseMelika ngo-2016 kwenze uMengameli uPutin waduma kakhulu futhi kumnikeze amandla amaningi okuhola izwe. Akekho owabaza lokho kuthathwa njengokungekho emthethweni noma okungekho emthethweni njengoba iCrimea ibambe izisekelo zamasosha ezinamasu ezazizosongelwa ngabaphikisi abanobuzwe base-Ukraine. Bathe uPutin umelane ne-US enza lokho abona kungcono kakhulu ukuphepha kwezwe laseRussia kanye nomnotho waseRussia.
Bathe impilo ngaphansi kokuphatha kukaPutin ibizinzile futhi kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu edlule, umnotho uqhubekela phambili. Isigaba esiphakathi esiqinile sesivele ezinxushunxushwini zango-1990. Ukudayiswa kwezimoto zaseJapan nezaseNingizimu Korea kudlile. Impilo emadolobheni yaguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, impilo emadolobhaneni yayinzima futhi abaningi basuka ezigodini baya emadolobheni beyofuna umsebenzi namathuba amakhulu. Abantu asebekhulile asebathatha umhlalaphansi bakuthola kunzima ukuphila ngempesheni kahulumeni. Abadala bahlala nezingane zabo. Cishe azikho izindawo zokunakekela abadala eRussia. Wonke umuntu unomshuwalense wezempilo oyisisekelo ngohulumeni yize imitholampilo yezokwelapha ezimele ikhula kulabo abanemali ukuze bakhokhele ukunakekelwa kwangasese. Yize imishini yezokwelapha nemithi kufanele ikhululwe ekujezisweni, unswinyo lwaseMelika lube nomthelela ekungeniseni imishini ethile yezokwelapha.
Ama-Rotary Club Ahlanganisa AbaseMelika namaRussia Ndawonye
Abangihambele eYakutsk babengamalungu eRotary Club International. Amakilabhu e-Rotary abelokhu eseRussia kusukela ngawo-1980 lapho ama-Rotarians aseMelika evakashela imindeni yaseRussia ngeCentre for Citizens Initiatives bese ephindisela futhi emema abaseRussia ukuthi bavakashele e-US Manje sekunamahluko angaphezu kwama-60 eRotary eRussia. IRotary International inayo kusebenzisana namanyuvesi ayisishiyagalombili emhlabeni jikelele ukudala ama-Rotary Centers for International Study ngokuthula kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano. IRotary ihlinzeka ngemali yezazi ezingama-75 unyaka nonyaka ngeminyaka emibili yokufunda iziqu kwelinye lamayunivesithi ayisishiyagalombili emhlabeni jikelele.
Ingqungquthela elandelayo yomhlaba wonke yeRotary International izokuba ngoJuni 2020 e-Honolulu futhi sethemba ukuthi abangani abavela kwezahluko zeRotary eRussia bazokwazi ukuthola ama-visa ase-US ukuze nabo babe khona.
I-PermaICE, Hhayi i-Permafrost !!!
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, i-Yakutsk kubikwa ukuthi yidolobha elibanda kakhulu emhlabeni ngesikhathi esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka -40 degrees Centigrade. Idolobha lihlala phezu kwephraphrost, amamitha ayi-100 kuya kwengubo eyodwa nengxenye engubo yokulala eyiqhwa elele ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphansi komhlaba kulo lonke elenyakatho yeSiberia, e-Alaska, eCanada naseGreenland. I-Permafrost yinto engeyona igama lami ngokuqondene nami. Kufanele ibizwe ngePermaICE njengeqhwa layo, hhayi isithwathwa okuyisiqhwa esikhulu esingaphansi komhlaba esifihlwe ngaphansi kwamamitha ambalwa womhlaba.
Njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kushisa umhlaba, inguzunga yeqhwa isiqala ukuncibilika. Isakhiwo siqala ukufakwa kuhlu nokucwila. Ukwakhiwa manje kudinga ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi ukuze angawavali phansi futhi kuvimbele ukufudumeza kwawo ekubeni nomthelela ekuncibilikeni kwePermaICE. Uma inguzunga yeqhwa engaphansi komhlaba ingancibilika, ngeke kugcwale amanzi emadolobheni asogwini omhlaba kuphela, kodwa namanzi azobe egelezela ekujuleni kwamazwekazi. Imyuziyamu ye-permafrost eqoshwe egqumeni leqhwa emaphethelweni eYakutsk inikeza ithuba lokuthola amazwibela wobukhulu beqhwa elisenyakatho yeplanethi elihleli kulo. Ukuqoshwa kweqhwa lezindikimba zempilo yaseYakutian kwenza imnyuziyamu ibe ngenye yezinto ezihluke kakhulu engake ngazibona.
U-Woolly Mammoths agcinwe ePermaICE
I-permafrost inikela kokunye okuhlukile kwe-Yakutia. Ukuzingelwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasendulo ezazizulazula emhlabeni amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule kugxile lapha. Ngenkathi ihlane laseGobi laseMongolia liphethe izinsalela zama-dinosaurs namaqanda awo, i-permafrost yaseYakutia ibambe izinsalela ze-mammoth enoboya. Uhambo oluya endaweni enkulu yesifunda esibizwa ngeSakha, okuyiYakutia eyingxenye yalo, luphumelele ekutholeni izinsalela ezigcinwe ngokuphawulekayo zesimuncu soboya, esilondolozwe kahle kangangokuba igazi lageleza kancane esidunjini esisodwa lapho likhishwa ethuneni lalo elibandayo ngo-2013 Ososayensi bathathe amasampula enyama futhi bayayihlaziya. Besebenzisa amasampula enyama elondoloziwe, ososayensi baseNingizimu Korea bazama ukulingisa lesi silwane esikhulu soboya!
“Iplanethi Yethu Incane Kakhulu Ukuze Siphile Ngokuthula”
Isiphetho sokuhlala kwami eYakutsk, e-Far East Russia, ukuthi amaRussia, njengamaMelika, afuna ukungqubuzana phakathi kosopolitiki baseMelika nabaseRussia nezikhulu zikahulumeni kuxazululwe ngaphandle kokuchitheka kwegazi.
Njengoba uMaria Emelyanova, inhloko yeKomidi Lamasosha Omama baseRussia asho, “Umhlaba wethu mncane kakhulu ukuthi kufanele sihlale ngokuthula.”
U-Ann Wright usebenze iminyaka engama-29 e-US Army / Army Reserves futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi njengoColonel. Wayengusomaqhinga wase-US iminyaka eyi-16 futhi wesula ngo-2003 ephikisana nempi yase-US e-Iraq.
