Ngu-Paul W. Lovinger, Julayi 20, 2017, I-War and Law League.
Amazwana odonga
UDonald Trump ozishaya isifuba ngobuciko bakhe kulesi sivumelwano uthe ngoMeyi 1 uzohlonishwa ngokuhlangana nomholi waseNorth Korea.
Manje usola iNyakatho “ngokuziphatha okuyingozi kakhulu,” ecabanga “izinto ezinzima kakhulu” njengoba amasosha ehlinzeka “ngezinketho.” Futhi ujenene wase-US ophambili eSouth Korea, uVincent Brooks, uxwayisa ngokuthi angaqala impi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Yini eshintshile? U-Moon Jae-in uwine ukhetho njengomongameli waseNingizimu Korea ngoMeyi, ngemva kokuthembisa ubudlelwano obungcono ne-Pyongyang. NgoJulayi 4 iNyakatho yamemezela ukwethula kwayo umcibisholo webanga elide. Ngabe amasosha ethu akhathazeke kakhulu ngeNyakatho ehlasela iMelika noma ngokuthula okusisusa eKorea?
“Izinketho” zezempi cishe azibandakanyi isisombululo esinokuthula. Kodwa iyona kuphela indlela eqinisekile yokugwema inhlekelele. Impi yaseKorea yango-1950-53 yabulala izigidi - ngaphandle kwezikhali zenuzi.
Uma uTrump esakholelwa emakhono akhe okwenza isivumelwano, makaye ePyongyang, i-la Nixon eya eBeijing. Uzokwamukelwa.
Iphepha elisekelwe eTokyo Chosun Sinbo, owaziwa ngokuthi umkhulumeli wasePyongyang, uthi "ukugwema izingxabano nokufuna izindlela zokuthola umkhondo wokuyixazulula ngezingxoxo zamanxusa sekuyinkinga enzima ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ungasakwazi. fulathela. "
Izingxoxo neNorth Korea zingafinyelela ukuvumelana, njengaseminyakeni edlule. Zombili izinhlangothi zingase zimise ukuboniswa kwamandla: Ukuhlolwa kwemicibisholo yaseNyakatho kanye nokuzivocavoca kwezempi yase-US-South Korea. I-North Korea ingase imise ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali zayo, njengoba siqeda unswinyo futhi siletha ukudla.
Ungalindeli umashiqela waseNyakatho uKim Jong-un ukuthi acekele phansi ama-nukes ngobusuku obubodwa. Ubadinga, hhayi ukuthi bahlasele, okusho ukuzibulala, kodwa ukugwema isiphetho sikaSaddam Hussein noMuammar Qadaffi. UKim akasethembi isizwe esaketula ohulumeni baseChile, eGuatemala, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eLibya nasePanama futhi ufuna ushintsho lombuso waseSyria.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, yiliphi igunya lokuziphatha elisele ngemva kokuqhunyiswa kwezakhamuzi ngamabhomu ngo-A nokwenza izinkulungwane zamabhomu amakhulu? UTrump uluqinisekisile uhlelo luka-Obama lohlelo lwama-trillion dollar “lokwenza izikhali zenuzi zibe zesimanjemanje” kanye nohlelo lwazo lokulethwa (kwephula iSivumelwano Sokungabhebhetheki KweNuclear) futhi - njengeNorth Korea - yaduba inqubo ye-UN yesivumelwano sokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi.
Lalela isaga esithi, “Ubamba izibawu eziningi ngoju kunoviniga.” Esikhundleni sokusongela uKim, zama ukumhlonipha. Ungumbulali, kodwa ngokufanayo noDonald J. Trump, owathembisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthula njengomongameli ethula impi eshubile. Yeka ukuphatha iNingizimu Korea njengonodoli wethu futhi uvumele iNingizimu ikhulume neNyakatho.
Isimo sengqondo sikaTrump esineqhwa ngeChina sancibilika ngemva komhlangano wakhe noMongameli Xi Jinping. Umhlangano kaTrump-Kim uzovumela abantu baseKorea ukuthi baphefumule kalula.
Impi esongelayo
UGeneral Brooks ulungele ukwethula impi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngowakhe (Julayi 4) isitatimende. Kuphela “ukuzithiba” kusivimbela ekuhlaselweni, ukukhetha esingakushintsha noma nini.
Ukulwa kuyisitoko samasosha kwezohwebo, kodwa umsebenzi kajenene akukona ukuxosha uhwebo, isb ukukhuthaza impi ngokuvusa isitha ngokusabisa. Amasosha ethu ahlomile kufanele abe ngaphansi kokulawulwa yizakhamuzi. Ngabe uBrooks ukhulumela uTrump? Ngabe uTrump umshiye ekhululekile ukuthi akhulume futhi - okubi nakakhulu - enze okuthile?
Ukuthi uchuku noma cha kungancika embonweni womholi wobushiqela obungenamthetho, hhayi esizweni okuthiwa semithetho, ngaphansi komthethosisekelo.
Echaza umthetho wethu ophakeme, uHamilton wabhala ukuthi umongameli njengomphathi oyinhloko umane nje "nguGenerali wokuqala kanye no-Admiral" (I-Federalist, 69, 1788). Kodwa "yisifundazwe esikhethekile futhi esikhethekile seCongress, lapho isizwe sinokuthula, ukuguqula leso simo sibe isimo sempi" ("Lucius Crassus" 1, 1801).
Ngokusongela impi, uBrooks weqa igunya lakhe futhi wephula i-United Nations Charter. Njengesivumelwano, kungumthetho we-federal. Yasayinwa eSan Francisco ngo-1945 ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuqedwe “uhlupho lwempi.”
Kusuka kuSigaba sesi-2: “Wonke Amalungu azoxazulula izingxabano zawo zamazwe ngamazwe ngezindlela ezinokuthula…. Wonke Amalungu ayogwema ubudlelwano bawo bamazwe ngamazwe ekusongelweni noma ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ngokumelene nobuqotho bendawo noma ukuzimela kwezombusazwe kwanoma yimuphi umbuso….”
Qaphela ukuthi i usongo impi yephula uMqulu, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi kokuqala wempi.
Omunye umthetho ongamangaza u-Brooks - kanye noMongameli Trump, umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukubona ukuthi imithetho ilandelwa ngokwethembeka - yiSivumelwano saseParis, esaziwa kangcono nge-Kellogg-Briand Pact. Amaqembu athembise ukulahla impi njengethuluzi lenqubomgomo kazwelonke futhi axazulule izingxabano noma izingxabano ngezindlela ezinokuthula kuphela.
Isayinwe ngo-1928 ngabameleli bezizwe eziyi-15, yakhanga inqwaba yabanye kamuva, isasebenza. UFrank Kellogg, unobhala wezwe ngaphansi kukaMongameli Coolidge, kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseFrance u-Aristide Briand bawuxhasile. I-Senate yagunyaza ngo-1929, ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaHoover. Ukwephulwa kwawo kwaba yizizathu zokushushisa abaholi bamaNazi nabaseJapane ngecala lobudlova.
Iminyaka enegazi
Impi yaseKorea yathatha iminyaka emithathu, i-1950-1953, yaphela ngokushuba kanye nezikhali ngaphansi kukaMongameli u-Eisenhower.Isibalo sabashonile baseNyakatho Korea siyizigidi eziyi-1.77, i-1.55 kubo izakhamizi - ingxenye yesihlanu yabantu baseNyakatho - kuthiwa Imithombo yezempi yase-US. Ukufa okuningi kwaba umphumela Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-US. Amasosha aseNingizimu Korea alinganiselwa ku-991,000 izakhamizi ezifile, ezilimele, noma ezilahlekile eNingizimu. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaShayinae “amavolontiya” nawo ahluleka.Ukufa kwabantu baseMelika kuphelele ku-54,000 (inani lokuqala), noma abanye abangama-37,000 (isibalo esibuyekeziwe sePentagon emashumini eminyaka kamuva), ngokusho kwama-almanacs amadala namasha.ICongress ayizange igunyaze impi. Ehumusha ukuhlasela kweNyakatho neNingizimu (okukodwa kokuningi) njengokuthi “ubudlova bamaKhomanisi,” uMongameli uHarry S Truman - okumangalela kwakhe igama elibi wabe eselala ekubhujisweni kwakhe ngezikhali zenuzi iHiroshima neNagasaki ngo-1945 - wazenzela yena ekuthumeleni amabutho. Wabe esethola uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ukuba ugxivize “isenzo sakhe samaphoyisa” ngaphandle kwethimba leSoviet (eliphikisa ngokuthi iRed China ayizange ihlale phansi).Bambalwa kuKhongolose, ikakhulukazi uSenator Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio), abalokotha baphonsela inselelo ukuqhwagwa kwamandla empi kakhongolose. Abanye baze batusa “isibindi” sikaTruman - njengokungathi uzinikele ekubambeni isibhamu wafaka eyakhe impilo engozini.Ukube iCongress ibeke icala futhi yasusa uTruman, okuletha amabutho ekhaya, bekungeke nje kusinde izimpilo eziningi, kodwa futhi nobugebengu bakhe obuphezulu bokwenza impi ngokungemthetho ngabe abuzange bufaniswe omongameli abalandelayo.Bahlanganisa uJohnson noNixon e-Indochina; Reagan eLatin America naseMpumalanga Ephakathi; Bush Sr. ePanama nase-Iraq; Clinton e-Iraq, Yugoslavia, nakwamanye amazwe amahlanu; Bush Omncane e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, nasePakistan; kanye no-Obama - umongameli wokuqala we-100% wesikhathi sempi - e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, eLibya, e-Yemen, e-Iraq naseSiriya. UTrump ulingisa futhi andisa ukubulawa kwabantu okungekho emthethweni e-Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria naseYemen, ebeka engcupheni ukungqubuzana neRussia eSyria.
Inketho enhle
Bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi lezo zimpi bezimayelana nani noma bangasho noma yimiphi imiphumela ezuzisayo evela egazini nokuhlupheka. Noma kunjalo, abantu baseMelika abaningi kakhulu - kufakwe nabaholi - bajabulisa le mibono ehlanekezelwe:
- "Intshisekelo yethu yezwe" ithethelela ukulahleka kwezimpilo.
- Kukundunankulu ukuthi adlalet izimpi.
- Amazwe angaphandle ngokuyinhloko ayizinkundla zethu zokulwa, hhayi ezabantu emakhaya.
The [ku-inthanethi] Atlantic, ngo-July 5, waveza omunye umbono ophikisayo: Ngenxa yokuthi umbutho wezempi, hhayi isivumelwano, waqeda ukungqubuzana, iKorea “isesenkingeni yobuchwepheshe. isimo sempi.” Cha, iCongress ayikaze imemezele a isimo sempi namaKorea. Noma kunjalo, i-armistice ingaqeda impi. IMelika ike yagubha uSuku lwe-Armistice njalo ngoNovemba 11, okuphawula ukuphela kweMpi Enkulu.
Nokho, ekuxwayiseni “ngamandla okuba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele” yenye impi yaseKorea, umlobi, uKrishnadev Calamur, akatholi mpikiswano lapha.In I-Atlantic umagazini, July/August 2017, uMark Bowden uthi “Ungabhekana Kanjani NeNorth Korea.” Evula ngendlela ethusayo ngomcibisholo ocatshangelwayo oqhuma eLos Angeles, akaboni “izinketho ezinhle,” ezinye zimbi kakhulu kunezinye. Ahlanganisa (1) “Ukuvimbela,” ukuhlasela okukhulu, okungaphumelela kodwa kubangele ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi; (2) “Ukuguqula izikulufu,” uchungechunge lokuhlasela okuncane, okungase kubangele ukusabela okuphelele; (3) “Ukunqunyulwa kwekhanda,” ukubulala uKim, kunzima kakhulu; (4) “Ukwamukela,” ukumvumela ukuthi athuthukise ama-ICBM ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi ngenkathi eqhubeka nemizamo yokuvimbela, okuhlanganisa ukucekela phansi kanye nengcindezi yomnotho enamandla.
Bowden ukhetha inketho 4. Zone zibandakanya ukungabi namthetho.
Idebeselela eyesihlanu, a okuhle inketho. Yilona lodwa elisemthethweni futhi alilimazi muntu. I-Article 33 ye-UN Charter icacisa indlela: Abathintekayo kunoma iyiphi ingxabano yamazwe ngamazwe eyingozi “bazo, okokuqala, bafune isixazululo ngokuxoxisana, ukubuza, ukulamula, ukubuyisana, ukulamula, ukuxazululwa kwecala, ukusebenzisa izinhlangano zesifunda noma amalungiselelo, noma ngezinye izindlela. izindlela ezinokuthula abazikhethele zona.”
Lokho kukhetha ukuthula.
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