Ababulali be-Operation Condor Baqeqeshwa Kwa-US Army School

Ngo-Brett Wilkins, ngoJulayi 18, i-2019

Kusukela Amaphupho ajwayelekile

Amadoda amahlanu we-24 ugwetshwe ngesonto eledlule enkantolo yase-Italiya eya ejele edlalwa indima emkhankasweni we-Cold War wase-US olwahlukumezeka futhi owabulala igazi elibhekene nezimpikiswano zaseNingizimu Melika eziphothule esikoleni esihloniphekile sase-US Army esaziwa ngokufundisa ukuhlukunyezwa, ukubulawa nokudutshulwa kwentando yeningi.

NgoJulayi i-8 ijaji eNkantolo Yokudluliswa Kwecala yaseRoma igwebe uhulumeni waseBolivia, eChilean, ePeruvia nase-Uruguayan kanye nezikhulu zezempi ngemuva kokutholakala enecala lokuthumba nokubulala abantu base-23 base-Italy kuma-1970 naku-1980 ngesikhathi operation Condor, umzamo ohlanganyelwe yizinkampani zobushiqela ezisezingeni elifanele eChile, e-Argentina, e-Uruguay, e-Bolivia, eParaguay, eBrazil-futhi, kamuva, ePeru nase-Ecuador-ngokumelene nezinsongo ezibonakala zikhona. Umkhankaso, owawubhekene nokuthunjwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukunyamalala nokubulala, kusho ukuthi kulinganiselwa I-60,000 ihlala, ngokusho kwamaqembu omalungelo abantu. Izisulu zazibandakanya abashiya kanye nabanye abaphikisanayo, abefundisi, abahlakaniphile, abafundisayo, abafundi, abaholi bezinyunyana nabasebenzi bezinyunyana, kanye nabantu bomdabu.

Uhulumeni wase-United States-kufaka phakathi i-Operation Condor ehambisana nezempi kanye nezobunhloli-ezesekelwa ngezempi, ukuhlela, nokusekela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqeqeshwa nokuqapha ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kukaJohnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter noReagan. Iningi lale nsizakalo, okuyinto i-US eyamazama ukuyikhokha ngaphakathi kwenkinga yomzabalazo we-Global War War ngokumelene nobukhomanisi, yayisekelwe e-US ukufakwa kwezempi ePanama. Yilapho lapho i-US Army yavula iSikole seMelika e-1946, eyayizophothula izinhloko ze-11 zase-Latin America emashumini eminyaka alandelayo. Akekho kubo owaba ngumholi wezwe labo ngezindlela zentando yeningi, abagxeka abaholayo ukuba baqede iS SOA "School of Assassins" kanye ne "School of Coups" ngoba kwakhiqiza abaningi kangaka kokubili.

Iziqu ze-SOA ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa umshayeli wezintatheli wasePanamani uManuel Noriega, umbusi wezempi waseGuatemalan wezokubulala Efraín Ríos Montt, I-Bolivia despot uHugo Banzer (owaziwa ngokuvikela impi yamaNazi, uKlaus Barbie), umlawuli weqembu laseHaiti lokubulala kanye nombusi wesibhamu uRaoul Cédras no-Argentine, uLeopoldo Galtieri, owahola ngesikhathi "Impi Engcolile" yezwe lakhe lapho amashumi ezinkulungwane ezingenacala amadoda nabesifazane babeshona. Ezinye izigebengu eziningi zempi ziye zafunda eS SOA, ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa Izincwadi ze-US okufundisa ukuthumba, ukuhlukumeza, ukubulala, kanye namasu okunciphisa intando yeningi.

Ukubulawa kwabantu okubi nakwezinye izinyathelo ezimbi ezenziwa amabutho ase-US ngesikhathi sezimpi zombango e-El Salvador naseGuatemala ngesikhathi se-1980s, kuhlanganise nokubulawa kwabantu base-900-ikakhulu abesifazane nabantwana-at El Mozote, ukubulawa kwe-archbishop waseSalvador Óscar Romero futhi ukudlwengula nokubulala kwamanye amasonto amane ase-US abasebenza naye, ayehlelwe, azinikezele noma ahlanganiswe ngabafundi be-SOA. Kwakunjalo uchungechunge lwe ukubulawa kwe-chainsaw eColombia, ukubulawa kwezintatheli ezine zaseDutch e-El Salvador, the ukubulawa we-former former Chilean kanye nomsizi wakhe wase-US emotweni ye-1976 e-Washington, DC nezinye izinyathelo eziningi.

Kungabonakala manje ukuthi amadoda amaningana agwetshwe ejele eRoma ngesonto eledlule nawo abuyele e-SOA. Ngokwe-database we-60,000 SOA alumni eqoqwe amarekhodi aseMelika we-School of the Americas Watch (SOAW), iqembu lase-Georgia elisekelwe e-Georgia elisungulwe nguBawo Roy Bourgeois ku-1990, abaqeqeshwa abahlanu be-SOA bangaphakathi kwamadoda e-24 atholakala enecala enkantolo yase-Italy. Ambili azobizwa ngokuthi "abaqashiwe kakhulu be-SOA" be-SOAW: owayenguNgqongqoshe wangaphakathi waseBolivia Luis Arce Gómez, okwamanje okhonza ijele le-30 ngonyaka wokubulala, ukubulala nokudayisa izidakamizwa, futhi Luis Alfredo Maurente, uthisha wase-Uruguay uthembisa ukuhlukumeza nokushabalalisa kwabantu abangaba ngu-100 e-Uruguay nase-Argentina. U-Arce Gomez uqedile ukuxhumana, i-tactical officer kanye nezifundo zokuvuselela umsakazo e-SOA ku-1958; UMaurente waya ku-SOA e-1969 nase-1976, efunda ukuhlakanipha kwezempi. Abanye abathathu abaphothule i-SOA abazitholile phakathi kwabaphikisi be-24 yi: Hernán Ramírez Ramírez (Chile, inkambo yomyalo, 1970), u-Ernesto Avelino Ramas Pereira (u-Uruguay; umqeqeshi wezindiza, i-1962) noPedro Antonio Mato Narbondo (Uruguay; angaziwa, i-1970).

I-SOA iqhutshwa ePanama kusuka ku-1946 kuze kufike i-1984, lapho ithunyelwa e-Fort Benning, eGeorgia. Ngesibindi sokuzibuyisa ngokwesikhashana phakathi nokukhala komphakathi okukhulayo phezu kokuhlukunyezwa kweziqu, i-SOA yashintsha igama layo elibizwa ngokuthi i-Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC) ku-2000, ngokugcizelela kakhulu amalungelo abantu. Kodwa-ke, ama-alumni esikoleni aqhubeka enza izihloko ezidabukisayo kuze kube namuhla, nazo abane abaphathi abayisithupha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-2009 Honduran futhi owayengama-commandos aseMexico manje esetshenziswa njengama-mercenaries ngama-cartels angama-international addict.

Akucaci ukuthi ngabe abaphikisi abaningi eRussia bazobhekana nobulungiswa, ngoba bonke abafake i-24 bazama ukungabikho ngaphansi komthetho wezomthetho wendawo yonke. I-Uruguay, engavumelekile ukugwetshwa kweminyaka, iboshwe abantu ababoshwe ngamacala afanayo. A Isinqumo seJanuwari 2017 enkantolo yase-Italy inqume abayisishiyagalombili abasolwa, kuhlanganise nomengameli waseBolivia uLie García Meza, owayengumongameli wasePeruvenia uFrancisco Morales Bermúdez, nowayengumengameli wezwe u-Juan Carlos Blanco, owayengumzalwane wase-Uruguay, osolwa ngokuboshwa e-Montevideo. , ngenkathi bethola abanye abangu-19 ngenxa yemithetho yokulinganiselwa. Lezo ziboshwa zaguqulwa ngesinqumo sikaMsombuluko.

Brett Wilkins i-San Francisco-based based freelance author and editor-in-large for US izindaba ku-Digital Journal. Umsebenzi wakhe, ogxile ezindabeni zempi nokuthula namalungelo abantu, kubhalwe phansi www.brettwilkins.com.