Kanye Base Air Force Base…

NguPat Old, ngo-Okthoba 21, 2019

Ukungcola kukaLethal eNorton Air Force Base eSan Bernardino, I-California isongela impilo yabantu i-35 iminyaka ngemuva kokuvalwa kwesisekelo.

INorton Air Force Base ibiyindawo yokugcina impahla kanye nendawo yokuhambisa izimpahla ezisindayo, okufana nendawo enkulu yokugcina impahla yaseAmazon yokuvala izikhali zempi emhlabeni wonke. Lapho isisekelo sivalekile ku-1994, i-Air Force yayazi ukuthi ubuthi obuzungezile buyingozi kanjani, yize babembalwa abanye ababecabanga kanjalo. INorton yaqala ngo-1940 njengesizinda se-Army Air Corps. Eminyakeni engu-79 kamuva, isisekelo sishiya ifa lomhlabathi ongcole kakhulu, amanzi omhlaba, namanzi angaphezulu.

Ngokucatshangelwa, ukungcola okubulalayo kakhulu okushiywe yi-Air Force yiPer- and Poly Fluoroalkyl Subzinto, noma i-PFAS, esetshenziswa kugwebu ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umlilo. 

Bheka UMBIKO WOKUHLOLA WOKUGCINA WESIMO SOKUGCINA WAMAFILIMU OKWENZEKA NGOKWENZA IZINDAWO ZOKUGCINA, Agasti 2018. Ukuhlolwa kwesiza kwenziwa yi-Aerostar SES LLC ye-Air Force Civil Engineer Center. Ukuhlolwa kubekelwe ukuthola ukugxila kwe-PFOA, i-PFOS, noma isamba sakho kokubili emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nasenhlabathini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuphinde kwabekwa icala lokuhlonza izindlela zamanzi okuphuza ezingaba khona ezingabantu, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukunciphisa imithelela emanzini okuphuza.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi kwesisekelo sangaphambili atholakale engcoliswe yi-PFOS emazingeni ezingxenye eziyi-18.8 ngethriliyoni. Ososayensi baseHarvard bathi i-1 ppt ingaba yingozi. Amasampuli athathwe ekujuleni ngaphansi komhlaba - 229.48 kuya ku-249.4 amamitha ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukutholakala kwala ma-carcinogen amamitha angama-249.4 phansi kusikisela ukuthi amakhemikhali angene kangakanani emathanjeni ajulile selokhu asetshenziswa okokuqala ngo-1970. "Amakhemikhali angunaphakade" atheleke emhlabeni ngesilinganiso samamitha ama-5 ngonyaka. 

ICalifornia isanda kusungula amazinga wesaziso ye-PFOS e-6.5 ppt ne-PFOA e-5.1 ppt yamanzi okuphuza, okusho ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseNorton acishe abe kathathu ngaphezu kwalelo zinga. Umhlabathi utholakale uqukethe ama-micrograms ama-5,990 ngekhilogremu (μg / kg) ye-PFOS, ecishe iphindwe kahlanu kunezinga lokuzithandela le-EPA le-1,260 µg / kg.

Ukuhlolwa kwesiza kuqukethe isigaba sokuphawula nokuphendula lapho abalawuli babuza khona uMbutho Wezomoya ukucaciseleka nolwazi olwengeziwe. I-Air Force igcizelela ukuthi "indlela yokuchayeka kwamanzi okuphuza ayiphelele." Ngamanye amagama, uMbutho Wezomoya uthi ayikho indlela yePFAS yokufinyelela emanzini okuphuza. I-EPA ithi kungakabi yisikhathi ukuphothula lokhu kususelwa olwazini olunikezwe yi-Air Force. 

I-EPA icele i-Air Force ukuthi inikeze eminye imininingwane maqondana nokufuduka kwe-AFFF kusuka ezindaweni okutholwe kuzo kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Air Force ithi ama-carcinogens asamuke kuphela amamayela we-4, kuyilapho i-EPA ibuza lelo nani, okusikisela ukuthi kufanele libe ngaphezulu kakhulu. I-EPA icela ukuhlolwa kwe-Air Force ukuhlolwa kwemithombo yasekhaya neyomphakathi ngaphakathi kwama-4 amamayela wesizinda sangaphambili.

Okumangalisa kakhulu, ukuthi i-Air Force igodle imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PFAS engalimaza enhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni zomthombo Ukwakha i-694 ne-Facility 2333. I-Air Force iphinde ishiye ingxoxo ngepompo kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa olusebenze iminyaka eminingana eNorton. Ukushiyeka okubalulekile ngoba uhlelo lube nomthelela ekufudukeni kokukhishwa kwe-AFFF. I-EPA icele uMbutho Wezomoya ukuthi uhlinzeke ngemininingwane yendawo lapho kutholakala khona imithombo yamanzi maqondana nezindawo zemithombo ye-AFFF, ukuthi zisebenza isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi amanzi aphathwa futhi akhishwa kanjani, njll. 

Zonke lezi zinto zibalulekile ekunqumeni umthelela empilweni yomphakathi. Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-obfuscation lwenzeka kuwo wonke amazinga weTrump Administration, kepha lapha, amanga abo anomthelela empilweni yethu.

Ngezansi kunengxenye yombhalo phakathi kwabalawuli bamanzi baseCalifornia noMkhosi Womoya. Inikeza ukuqonda kwe isiko lokungcola. Funda okuphawuliwe nguStephen Niou, uMnyango waseCalifornia we-Toxic Sub iimeko (DTSC) noPatricia Hannon weBhodi yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi yaseSanta Ana. Ngemuva kwalokho, funda izimpendulo ezivela ku-Air Force.

I-Air Force ngokusobala ibeka umthetho, “Ukugxila kwePFOS kungabeka impilo yabantu engcupheni. Kodwa-ke, ngokungabi khona kwamazinga kahulumeni noma ombuso asebenzayo, isenzo esinconywayo asinconywa kuze kube yilapho lezi zindinganiso zithuthukiswa futhi zamenyezelwa. Ngoba ubungozi bempilo yabantu obuvela kwi-PFAS emhlabathini abuqondakali ngokuphelele futhi awekho amazinga akhishiwe, izincomo zokudambisa okwamanje azivunyelwe. ” 

I-Air Force ithembele ku-EPA nakuCongress ukuze kugwemeke ukubulawa kwabantu ngenkathi iqhubeka nokufaka ubuthi emphakathini. Ukusebenza kwe-EPA ezingeni lendawo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe lapha, kuyancomeka, kepha ukwenqaba kwayo, ezingeni lomfelandawonye, ​​ukubeka amazinga afanayo angcolisayo kuwo wonke amakhemikhali e-PFAS kuyasola.

I-Norton AFB yangaphambili itholakala ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla salesi sithombe. Umfula iSanta Ana ugeleza usuka kwisisekelo uye eCorona. Phawula ukuthi kunjani lapho kufundeka khona amanzi eduze neCorona ezansi / enkabeni yemephu. Lesi sifunda sinemithombo emibili eyaziwa ngokungcolisa imvelo nePFAS: i-US Air Force kanye ne-3M Corporate, etholakala eCorona. 3M futhi i-Air Force ibilokhu ifaka ushevu ngasese emphakathini waseMelika - futhi iqamba amanga ngakho izizukulwane ezimbili.

eyongeziwe

Ukungcola kwePFAS kwesifunda saseSanta Ana yiNorton Air Force Base kumane nje kuyingxenye yokungcola okuhambisana nendawo. Amanye amakhemikhali abulala kakhulu owaziwayo akhona enhlabathini, ngaphansi komhlaba, emanzini, nasemoyeni esifundeni esiseduze naseNorton. Ibutho Lomoya lalingenandaba nokuphatha kwalo umhlaba. 

Okulandelayo kutholakala amakhemikhali anobuthi e-Norton Air Force Base yangaphambili. Bheka i-Ejensi Yezinto ezinobuthi kanye nerejista yezifo Amaphrofayli Wobuthi ukuthola imininingwane ngokungcola ngakunye. Lawa makhemikhali avamise ukungena emizimbeni yethu ukudala umdlavuza, ukugula nokufa:  

I-1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE engcolisayo, i-1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2- I-DICHLOROBENZENE, i-1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, i-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (CIS NETRans) UMBONO), 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BENZENE, BENZO (B) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO (K) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO [A] ANTHRACENE, IBENZO [A] PYRENE, BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM, CHLORDANE, DIOXINS ECHLORINATED KANYE I-FURans, CHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHROMIUM, CHRYSENE, CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, COPPER, CYANIDE, I-DICHLOROBENZENE (ISIQINISO ESIQINILE), i-ETHYLBENZENE, INDENO (1,2,3-CD) PYRENE, LEAD, I-MERCURY NAPHTHALENE, i-NICKEL, I-BIPHENYLS E-POLYCHLORINATED (Ama-PCB), ama-BIPHENYLS ama-POLYCHLORINATED (ama-PCB), ama-POLYCYCLIC ArOMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS), RADIUM-226, SELENIUM SILVER, TETRACHLOROETHENE, THALLIUM, TOLUENE, I-TRans-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, I-TRICHLOROETHENE, I-XYLENE (ISIQINISO ESIQINILE), ZINC.