Sibambe umbhikisho wethu ngempumelelo e-Hiroo Tokyo, phambi kwe-New Sanno Hotel lapho i-Japan-US Joint Committee eyimfihlo ihlangana khona ukuze inqume izinqubomgomo zase-Japan, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezisekelo zase-US.
Namuhla “Usuku Lomhlaba Lokusebenza Lokusebenza ku-#CloseBases” olwamenyezelwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
"Izinkulungwane zezisekelo zamasosha, zakwamanye amazwe nezasekhaya, emhlabeni wonke ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomshini wempi okufanele uhlakazwe. Ukuvala izisekelo kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo sokuguqula umbono wezokuphepha emhlabeni wonke ubheke endleleni yokususa impi egxilisa ukuphepha okufanayo - akekho ophephile kuze kube yilapho bonke bephephile."
"Sicela abantu nezinhlangano emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zijoyine i-Global Day of Action to #CloseBases ngoFebhuwari 23 ngokuhlela imibhikisho ezindaweni zamasosha eduze nawe."
Lesi sicelo sokuthatha isinyathelo sikhishwe yiqembu lesakhamuzi World BEYOND War.
Ngingu-Hirayama Motoo, umongameli we-Hirayama Peace Centre ekhumbula ukuzidela okukhulu ngenjongo yokuthula okwenziwa abasunguli bakaNgqongqoshe Wesonto Lama-Yamanote u-Hirayama Teruji kanye noNgqongqoshe u-Hirayama Akiko. Singabaxhasi bomcimbi wanamuhla.
Isikhungo Sokuthula sase-Hirayama sinikeza indawo yehhovisi eqenjini lezakhamuzi “I-Grassroots Movement to Eliminate US Military bases from Okinawa and Japan.” Leli qembu lezakhamizi lasungulwa ngo-2001, lilandela isiko le-Alliance for the Reunification of Okinawa okuyinhlangano enamalungu angu-10,000. I-Grassroots Movement Yokuqeda Izisekelo Zezempi Zase-US ezivela e-Okinawa naseJapane yayinesibopho "soMkhankaso Wokufuna ukuphela Kwezisekelo Zezempi Zase-US e-Okinawa" owawubanjwe ngo-2000 emcimbini we-G7 2000 Okinawa Summit. Sinamalungu angaba ngu-500, okuhlanganisa nondunankulu bangaphambili, u-Kenji Utsunomiya, owayengumongameli we-Japan Federation of Lawyers kanye nowayengenele ukhetho lokuba umbusi wase-Tokyo, nabanye abameli abaningi, izazi zamasiko, nezihlakaniphi. "I-Grassroots" ibhekisela "kubantu." I-Movement for the reversion of Okinawa isebenza njengenhlangano kazwelonke ngobulungu obusekela i-Okinawa Reversion Executive Committee, eye yakhula yaba inhlangano kazwelonke eyodwa enamalungu angu-10,000 alwa nokucabanga "okuphikisa ukuguqulwa".
Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwami eJapane ngemva kwempi “njengensizwa” eneminyaka engu-86 ubudala.
- Ngaba nokuhlangenwe nakho kwempi, kuhlanganise nokuqhuma kwezibhamu ezindaweni zokuphuma, ukubona iDolobha lase-Utsunomiya livutha amalangabi, nokubona amanxiwa ashile omakhelwane baseKasumigaseki naseReinanzaka, kanye neShibuya Park Avenue.
Kulo nyaka, iJapane kanye nomhlaba wonke kugujwa iminyaka engu-80 kwaphela iMpi Yezwe II. Manje “ngiyinsizwa” eneminyaka engu-86 ubudala. Isizukulwane sethu siyisizukulwane sokugcina esabhekana nempi ngempela. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha kanye nohulumeni babebiza i-US nezinye izizwe ngokuthi “amademoni nama-bastards” kanye “nama-ogres nezidalwa ezimbi.” Kodwa ngemva kwempi, uhulumeni wayencoma “Sir America” yonke indawo.
Ngangisebangeni lokuqala esikoleni samabanga aphansi ekupheleni kwempi, futhi thina nemikhaya yethu sabalekela endaweni yoqalo ngemva kwendlu yethu lapho izindiza zamasosha ase-US zindiza futhi ziqhuma ngamabhomu ekuhlaseleni kwezindiza ngisho nalapho sasibalekela khona.
Sabuka idolobha eliseduze lase-Utsunomiya, lapho kwakunamasosha khona, ligqamuka amalangabi. Phakathi nokushoda kokudla kamuva, sacabanga ukuthi isidlo sasemini sikabhatata abambalwa kwakuyidili lomkhaya wabayisishiyagalombili.
Ngafika esiteshini saseShinbashi ngo-January 1946. Ngangisendleleni ebuyela ekhaya, ngibuya esiteshini ngiya egqumeni lapho iSonto LaseReinanaka eduze neNxusa LaseMelika. Ngabona ukuthi izindawo zaseKasumigaseki naseToranomon zashiswa zaphela—kwasala iNxusa LaseMelika kuphela.
Idolobhana elingezansi kweNxusa LaseMelika kanye nesonto elisegqumeni laliyinsimu eshile, elungiswa njengoba injalo iGaza namuhla, ingashiyi zindlu kodwa imijondolo yokuzenzela efulelwe ngothayela abashile.
Namuhla, iShibuya Park Avenue, lapho ihhovisi le-Grassroots Movement to Eliminate US Military Bases likhona, ligandaywe kahle futhi linezakhiwo eziwubukhazikhazi, kodwa ngo-1950, umgwaqo wonke wawuyincithakalo eshile namatshe agcwele phansi.
- Umthethosisekelo Omusha waseJapan
Lapho ngingena e-Aoyama Gakuin Junior High School ngo-1951, ngathatha ikilasi esasisebenzisa kulo incwadi eyayinyatheliswa uMnyango Wezemfundo eyayinesihloko esithi, “Amagama athile ngomthethosisekelo omusha.”
Ingxenye yokuqala yale ncwadi yayinesihloko esithi “The Constitution”
Kwavulwa, “Sekubhalwe uMthethosisekelo omusha bakwethu, niyazi ukuthi uMthethosisekelo uyini, ukhona yini kini ocabanga ukuthi umthethosisekelo yinto engathinti lutho, uma kunjalo niyaphazama.
Umsebenzi wokuphatha isizwe uhlala njalo. Inqubo yokuphatha izwe kumele ichazwe ngokucacile. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yaleyo nqubo umthethosisekelo.
UMthethosisekelo uwumthetho obaluleke kakhulu onquma ukuthi izwe kufanele libuswe kanjani. Kuthiwani uma izindonga zendlu yakho zizonyamalala? Indlu yakho izowa ngokuphazima kweso. Uma singaqhathanisa isizwe nendlu, uMthethosisekelo uwudonga oluqinile. Yingakho ubizwa ngokuthi umthetho ophakeme wezwe.”
Thina bafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme abenza unyaka wokuqala esikoleni samabanga aphakeme ngo-1951 saba ngabokugcina ukusebenzisa incwadi ethi “Amagama athile ngomthethosisekelo omusha.”
Isizathu sasiwukuthi “iSivumelwano Sokuthula” saphethwa ngo-September walowo nyaka, futhi saqala ukusebenza ngo-April 28, 1952, okwaphumela ekumisweni kweSivumelwano Sezokuphepha SaseJapane-se-US. UMthethosisekelo uyeka ukuba “umthetho ophakeme wezwe,” futhi iSivumelwano Sokuphepha saseJapan-US sawuthatha indawo yawo njengomthetho wokugcina wezwe.
- ISivumelwano Sokuthula kanye Nesimemezelo Se-Potsdam: Amasosha Ase-US Asala Ngemva Kokusayinwa KweSivumelwano Sokuthula
Ngenkathi iSivumelwano Sokuthula kanye neSivumelwano Sezokuphepha SaseJapane-se-US siqala ukusebenza ngo-1952, indawo eseduze nekhaya lami eShibuya, manje okuyiYoyogi Park kwakuyindawo yaseWashington Heights, indawo enezindlu zamasosha ase-US. AmaJapane avamile ayengavunyelwe ukungena kuleyo ndawo. Njengomfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme, ngacabanga ngendlela yami ukuthi lapho iJapane iphinde izimele ngaphansi kwesivumelwano esisha sokuthula, ngangizokwazi ukungena eWashington Heights. Nokho, akukho okwashintsha ngemva kwesivumelwano futhi ngadumala kakhulu, nakuba ukuqonda kwami kwakulinganiselwe.
I-Potsdam Declaration of 1945, eyabeka uhlaka lwezomthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe lokuthatha iJapane ngokuphoqelela uhulumeni waseJapane ukuba azinikele e-United States, e-United Kingdom, nase-China, futhi kamuva neSoviet Union, ebalulwe esigabeni 12: uhulumeni othambekele futhi oqotho.”
Kodwa umbuso wama-impiriyali wase-US owakhipha i-Potsdam Declaration, wabe ususephula ngokusobala. Lawo mandla asekhona kuze kube yilolu suku.
Ukuqhubeka nokuthunyelwa kwamasosha ase-US akukho emthethweni, ukwephulwa okusobala kweSimemezelo sasePotsdam okuwumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukungabi semthethweni kokuba khona kwamasosha aseMelika akuzange kuguqulwe isivumelwano esisha sokuphepha, futhi leso simo esingekho emthethweni sesithathe iminyaka engu-73.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ohulumeni base-US nabaseJapane basho kangaki ukuthi “bayawugcina umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe,” abakwazi ukulishintsha iqiniso eliqinile lokuthi sonke isivumelwano sezokuphepha siphula ubukhosi baseJapane nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ibutho lase-US, eligcine izisekelo ezingaba ngu-200 e-Japan eminyakeni engu-73 edlule, liyibutho lezempi elingekho emthethweni elephula wona kanye umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe i-US elokhu ibhekisela kuwo.
- Isigameko sase-Sunagawa kanye Nesinqumo Sosuku. Ukuvakashela Kommeleli wase-Okinawa eNyuvesi yaseTokyo kanye noMzabalazo “we-Anpo” wango-1960
Ngo-1959, iJaji u-Akio Date weNkantolo Yesifunda saseTokyo yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi labo ababoshwa emibhikishweni yaseSunagawa ngokumelene nezisekelo zase-US babengenacala ngoba iSivumelwano Sezokuphepha ngokwaso sephule uMthethosisekelo waseJapane. Ithimba elivela e-Okinawa livakashele ikhempasi yaseKomaba eNyuvesi yaseTokyo futhi lagxeka ukuthathwa kwamasosha e-Okinawa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwesifunda okwaba umphumela.
Lokho kwaba ukuqala kwemibhikisho yabafundi ephikisana nokuvuselelwa kweSivumelwano Sezokuphepha Sase-US-Japan ngo-1960. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu azungeza Ukudla Kwesizwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ngo-June 4, izisebenzi zaseJapanese National Railways zateleka zibhikisha. Izitolo eShibuya nazo zivaliwe ukuze zibhikishele ukuvuselelwa kweSivumelwano Sezokuphepha.
Ngisho nezingane zazidlala imidlalo “yokuphikisa isivumelwano sezokuphepha” zodwa. Ikhabhinethi yakwaKishi ebiseka lesi sivumelwano yaphoqeleka ukuthi isule.
Kodwa umbono womphakathi usuzishintshile namuhla, iningi labantu livumelana neSivumelwano Sezokuphepha.
Kodwa iqiniso, nokho, lihlala linjalo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi umthetho ophakeme wase-Japan awusona "iSivumelwano Sokuphepha" kodwa kunalokho uMthethosisekelo waseJapane nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-Okinawa Reversion Alliance.
Umzabalazo we-Security Treaty wango-1960 wabhebhethekisa ukucasuka kwezwe lonke ngokuthathwa ngokungemthetho kwe-Okinawa ngamasosha ase-US.
Ngiphakamise ukuthi sakhe inhlangano eyodwa kazwelonke yamalungu ngamanye ngokuzibophezela ekubuyiselweni kwe-Okinawa futhi sakhe inhlangano yezwe lonke yokuguqulwa kwe-Okinawa. Lesi siphakamiso samukelwa umphakathi, futhi ngo-1966 saqala umsebenzi wokwakha inhlangano eyodwa yezwe. Ngesikhathi i-Okinawa ibuyiswa ngo-1972 yayinamalungu angu-10,000 anamahhovisi kuzo zonke izifunda.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangibuka ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Okinawa nezwekazi laseJapane njengokwehlukana kwabantu okungekona okwemvelo okufana ne-17th parallel ephoqelelwe eVietnam, i-38th parallel ephoqelelwe eKorea, kanye noDonga LwaseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga eJalimane. Ngiphakamise umhlangano endaweni yama-27 ehlukanisa iSifunda sase-Okinawa nezwe lase-Japan. Ekuqaleni, sasinomhlangano omncane olwandle, kodwa kamuva kwakuzoba umhlangano omkhulu olwandle.
Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwe-Okinawa eJapan, ukuhlukaniswa okuhambisana ne-27th parallel kwaqedwa. Noma kunjalo, abaphendulayo baseJapane nabaseMelika bakha indaba yokuthi u-70% wezisekelo zase-US zise-Okinawa-zenza sengathi azikho izisekelo ezweni.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-70% ezisekelo zamasosha ase-US atholakala ezweni. Bazishiya ngamabomu izinkundla ezinkulu zokuqeqesha e-Higashi-Fuji nase-Kita-Fuji, e-Yamanashi Prefecture, e-Shizuoka Prefecture, e-Hinodeidai Training Area e-Oita Prefecture, e-Ojo Terahara Training Area e-Miyagi Prefecture, nase-Yausubetsu Training Area e-Hokkaido.
Bakha le ndaba ukuze bakholise abantu ukuthi izisekelo zamasosha ase-US ziyadingeka.
Lolo hlobo lwenkulumo-ze ludala igebe phakathi kwabantu base-Okinawa nalabo abasezweni elikhulu futhi luvimbele lokho okufanele kube umzabalazo obumbene. Abantu base-Okinawa, kanye nabantu bezwekazi, kumele babumbane kule mpi.
Futhi iziQhingi zaseSenkaku, iTaisho Island kanye neKuba Island (eziphethwe amasosha ase-US ngaphansi kwamagama aseShayina i-Akao Reef ne-Huangwei Reef) zinezisekelo zamasosha ase-US kusukela ngo-1956.
Asizwa lutho ngaphandle kwenkulumo-ze emelene namaShayina mayelana neziQhingi zaseSenkaku, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi iChina ayakhi isisekelo eziqhingini zaseSenkaku. Kufanele sibhikishele amasosha ase-US osekuphele iminyaka eminingi anezisekelo okumele zisuswe.
- U-Gerson ungitshela ukuthi ukubuyekezwa Kwesivumelwano Sesimo Samabutho akwanele
Ngo-2004, ngavakashela i-American Quaker uMnu. Gerson eBoston njengommeleli we-"Grassroots Movement to Eliminate US Military Bases in Okinawa and Japan."
UMnu. Gerson wangitshela ukuthi kwakuyiphutha ukuchitha isikhathi sifuna ukubuyekezwa kweSivumelwano Se-Status of Forces Agreement esinquma leso simo sezisekelo zase-US ngoba ukubiza ukuguqulwa, kunokuba kuqedwe, kuzovumela amasosha ase-US ukuthi ahlale.
Ngaleso sikhathi ukuphawula kukaMnu. Gerson kwangenza ngangaphatheki kahle ngesitatimende sikaMnu. Gerson ngoba kwakuwukucabangela phakathi kwamabutho entando yeningi ukuthi kufanele siqede iSivumelwano Sokuphepha se-US-Japan futhi sibuyekeze iSivumelwano Se-Status of Forces ukuze sibuyele ebuhlotsheni obujwayelekile ne-United States.
Lapho ngicabanga ngakho ngokwengeziwe, kwaba yilapho nginomuzwa wokuthi ukubuyekezwa nje kweSivumelwano Se-Status of Forces kusho ukuthi i-Japan yayamukela ukuthi amasosha ase-US azohlala eJapane unomphela.
Ngifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi isivumelwano se-Status of Forces akumele nje sibuyekezwe kodwa sichithwe ngokuphelele.
Isivumelwano Sesimo Sezempi silawulwa Isigaba sesi-6 seSivumelwano Sokuvikela. Kungumsebenzi womlando wabantu baseJapan ukuqeda kokubili Isivumelwano Sesimo Sezempi kanye neSivumelwano Sokuphepha sase-US-Japan, kanye nokufuna ukususwa kwazo zonke izizinda zamasosha ase-US.
- Ukubaluleka kokuqeda iSivumelwano Sezokuphepha sase-US-Japan kanye nokuphothula isivumelwano sobungani phakathi kwe-Japan ne-United States
I-Athikili 10 yeSivumelwano Sokuphepha sase-US-Japan ibeka ukuthi amabutho ase-US kufanele ahoxe e-Japan phakathi nonyaka owodwa ngemva kokuba uhulumeni wase-US noma wase-Japan enikeze isaziso sokunqanyulwa kweSivumelwano Sokuvikela. Kuphela uma amabutho ase-US ehoxa ngokuvumelana nalesi sigaba somthetho lapho ukuzimela kwe-Japan kungabuyiselwa khona. Lesi sigaba somthetho siyitshe eliyinhloko lokuzimela kwe-Japan kusukela e-US
Amandla entando yeningi nokuthula e-Japan awanawo ubutha kubantu base-United States. Abantu baseMelika abahlanganyela kulo mcimbi namuhla bangabangane babantu baseJapane ngempela.
Lapho i-Japan ithola inkululeko kumasosha ase-US nakuhulumeni, i-Japan izophetha isivumelwano sobungani ne-US esobungane phakathi kwezakhamuzi zethu.
I-US imperialism ilawula i-NATO futhi ibusa umhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa izisekelo zamasosha ase-US.
I-NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) iyinhlangano yezempi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enamandla, futhi eyingozi kakhulu equkethe amazwe angama-32. Amasosha ase-US abusa umhlaba wonke nge-NATO nezinye izinhlangano. I-NATO ithatha ukuthi iRussia iyisitha. Umfelandawonye wezempi wase-Japan-US owasungulwa yi-Japan-US Security Treaty uya ngokuya uxhumene ne-NATO. Kanjalo nobudlelwano be-US-Japan-South Korea buyakhiwa baba umfelandawonye wezempi wokulwa neChina. I-US idale iwebhu yemifelandawonye yezempi ukuze ibuse umhlaba oholela ezimpini ezingapheli.
Ukuvalwa kwazo zonke izisekelo kuyisidingo esidingekayo ukuze uzimele ngaphandle kwe-United States.
Simi lapha phambi kweNew Sanno Hotel nayo eyisikhungo samasosha ase-US futhi ngaleyo ndlela singahlukaniswa “njengesisekelo.”
I-Azabu Helicopter Base, esendaweni efanayo yaseMinato Ward eTokyo, yilapho amasosha ase-US ahlela ukwakha ikomkhulu lawo labasebenzi. Futhi iyisizinda esikhungweni esikhulu sasemadolobheni.
Kunezisekelo ezibalelwa ku-35 e-Okinawa, kodwa kunezisekelo ezingama-200 kulo lonke elase-Japan, okuhlanganisa ne-Yokota Air Base, ephethe i-Yokota airspace phezu kwenhloko-dolobha yase-Tokyo ehlanganisa i-Haneda Airport, i-Yokosuka Air Base, i-Yokohama Air Base. Izisekelo ezisele eziyi-160 zisezweni.
Ikomkhulu lamasosha ase-US, elilawula zonke lezi zisekelo, lise-Yokota Air Base, kanti ikomkhulu lalokho okubizwa nge- "Self-Defense Forces," okuyibutho elisizayo lebutho laseMelika, likhona eYokota.
Izisekelo zenganyelwe yi-US-Japan Joint Commission, inhlangano eyimfihlo eyakhiwe ngabamele amasosha ase-US ngakolunye uhlangothi namakhanda avela kuhulumeni waseJapan ngakolunye uhlangothi. Inqubomgomo inikezwa uhulumeni wase-Japan amasosha ase-US. Amaminithi aleli komiti elihlanganyelwe awakaze abekwe obala. Inegunya elingaphezu kwalelo lokudla kwaseJapan, iKhabhinethi, nohlelo lwezomthetho.
Uma sigxila kuphela ekubuyekezeni Isivumelwano Sesimo Sezempi, singase senze ukuthuthukiswa okumbalwa kodwa umcabango wokuthi ukusebenza kwamasosha ase-US phakade ngeke kushintshe.
Ikhomishini Ehlanganyelwe yase-Japan-US ehlangana lapha nyanga zonke ukuze inqume ikusasa lase-Japan izohlala iyimfihlo futhi ingaphenduleki.
Uma sifuna ukuqeda ukubusa okungekho emthethweni nokungenakuziphendulela kwe-Okinawa, kanye nokwamanye amazwe ase-Japan, ngamasosha ase-US, isinyathelo sokuqala ukumisa uhulumeni e-Japan ozimele ngempela futhi ozonikeza isaziso sokuthi uzohoxa ku-US-Japan Security Treaty ngokuvumelana ne-Article 10.
Asisebenzisane ukusungula uhulumeni e-Japan ozohoxa kuSivumelwano Sokuphepha sase-Japan-US futhi aqede usongo lwempi esifundeni nasemhlabeni. Kufanele sikwenze lokho ngokuthola inkululeko yethu e-United States kuqala.
Ukubhikisha kwanamuhla ngokumelene nezisekelo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekubhekaneni nodaba oluyinhloko lokuzimela kweqiniso kwe-Japan.
Asenze konke okusemandleni ethu. Thina e-Hirayama Peace Centre sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ethu.