Ukulalela Nokungalaleli

By Howard Zinn, Agasti 26, 2020

Ngcaphuno kusuka Umfundi weZinn (Seven Stories Press, 1997), amakhasi 369-372

“Thobela umthetho.” Lokho kufundisa okunamandla, okuvame okunamandla ngokwanele ukunqoba imizwa ejulile yokulungile nokungalungile, ngisho nokwedlula umuzwa oyisisekelo wokusinda komuntu. Sifunda ekuseni kakhulu (hhayi ezinhlotsheni zethu) ukuthi kumele silalele “umthetho wezwe.”

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Ngokuqinisekile akuyona yonke imithetho nezimiso ezingalungile. Umuntu kufanele abe nemizwa eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nesibopho sokulalela umthetho.

Ukulalela umthetho lapho ukuthumela empini kubonakala kungalungile. Ukulalela umthetho omelene nokubulala kubonakala kulungile impela. Ukuwulalela ngempela lowo mthetho, kufanele wenqabe ukuthobela umthetho okuthumela empini.

Kepha imibono evelele ayishiyi ndawo yokwenza umehluko ohlakaniphile nobuntu mayelana nesibopho sokulalela umthetho. Ingemuva futhi iphelele. Kungumthetho ongaguquguquki wabo bonke ohulumeni, kungaba yiFascist, Communist, noma capitalist ovulekile.

UGertrude Scholtz-Klink, inhloko yeWomen Bureau ngaphansi kukaHitler, wachazela umuntu owayexoxa naye ngemuva kwempi inqubomgomo yamaJuda yamaNazi, “Besihlala siwulalela umthetho. Akukhona lokho okwenzayo eMelika? Noma ungavumelani nomthetho uqobo, uyawulalela. Ngaphandle kwalokho impilo ibizoba nezinxushunxushu. ”

“Impilo ingaba yisiphithiphithi.” Uma sivumela ukungalalelwa komthetho sizoba nesiphithiphithi. Lowo mqondo ugxiliswe kubantu bezwe ngalinye. Inkulumo eyamukelekayo ithi "umthetho nokuhleleka." Yinkulumo ethumela amaphoyisa namasosha ukuthi bayochitha imibhikisho yonke indawo, noma ngabe kuseMoscow noma eChicago. Kwakusemuva kokubulawa kwabafundi abane eKent State University ngo-1970 ngabakwa-National Guardsmen. Kwakuyisizathu esanikezwa yiziphathimandla zaseChina ngonyaka we-1989 ngenkathi bebulala amakhulu abafundi ababekhombisa eBeijing.

Yinkulumo eheha izakhamizi eziningi, okuthi, ngaphandle kwalapho zona zinesikhalazo esinamandla ngokumelene negunya, zesabe ukuphazamiseka. Ngawo-1960, umfundi waseHarvard Law School wakhuluma nabazali nama-alumni ngala mazwi:

Imigwaqo yezwe lethu isenkingeni. Amanyuvesi agcwele abafundi abavukela futhi bavusa udlame. AmaKhomanisi afuna ukucekela phansi izwe lethu. I-Russia isisongela ngamandla ayo. Futhi i-republic isengozini. Yebo! ingozi evela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Sidinga umthetho nokuhleleka! Ngaphandle komthetho nokuhleleka isizwe sethu asinakuphila.

Kwashaywa ihlombe isikhathi eside. Lapho ihlombe liphela, umfundi ngokuthula watshela ababemlalele: “La mazwi akhulunywa ngo-1932 ngu-Adolph Hitler.”

Ngokuqinisekile, ukuthula, ukuzinza nokuhleleka kuyathandeka. Isiphithiphithi nodlame akunjalo. Kepha ukuzinza nokuhleleka akuzona ukuphela kwezimo ezifiselekayo zokuphila komphakathi. Kukhona nobulungiswa, okusho ukuphathwa kahle kwabo bonke abantu, ilungelo elilinganayo labo bonke abantu lenkululeko nokuchuma. Ukulalela ngokuphelele umthetho kungaletha ukuhleleka okwesikhashana, kepha kungahle kungalethi ubulungiswa. Futhi uma kungenjalo, labo abaphathwa ngokungenabulungisa bangabhikisha, bangadlubulunda, bangadala ukuphazamiseka, njengoba abavukeli baseMelika benza ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, njengoba abantu abenza ubugqila benza ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, njengoba kwenza abafundi baseChina kuleli khulu leminyaka, nanjengabantu abasebenzayo ukuteleka sekwenziwe kuwo wonke amazwe, kuwo wonke la makhulu eminyaka.

Ngcaphuno kusuka Umfundi weZinn (Seven Stories Press, 1997), amakhasi ashicilelwe ekuqaleni kwiDeclarations of Independence (HarperCollins, 1990)