NguKelly Kelly
Izikhungo zezindaba zibike Saturday ekuseni ngawo emasontweni edlule uMongameli u-Obama usayine umyalelo, ogcinwe uyimfihlo kuze kube manje, wokugunyaza ukuqhubeka kwempi yase-Afghan okungenani omunye unyaka. Lo myalelo ugunyaza ukuhlasela kwezindiza zase-US “to ukusekela imisebenzi yezempi yase-Afghan ezweni” kanye namasosha aphansi ase-US ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza okuvamile, okusho ukuthi, “ngezikhathi ezithile phelezela amasosha ase-Afghan” ekusebenzeni ngokumelene neTaliban.
Abaphathi, ekuputshuzeni kwabo kwiNew York Times, bakuqinisekisile ukuthi kube "nenkulumompikiswano eshubile" phakathi kwabeluleki bePentagon nabanye kwikhabhinethi ka-Obama abakhathazeke kakhulu ngokungalahlekelwa ngamasosha empini. Isu likawoyela akushiwo ukuthi bekuxoxiswana ngalo futhi akusekho ukuzungeza iChina, kodwa ukungabikho okuphawuleka kakhulu kulo mbiko kwaba yinoma yikuphi ukuphawula kwamalungu ekhabhinethi ngezakhamizi zase-Afghan ezithintwe yiziteleka zomoya kanye nokusebenza kwamasosha aphansi, ezweni kakade. ehlushwa amaphupho amabi obumpofu nokuwohloka komphakathi.
Nansi imicimbi emithathu nje, ecashunwe ku-August 2014 Amnesty International umbiko, okumele ngabe uMongameli Obama kanye nabeluleki bakhe bawucubungulile (futhi bawuvumela ukuba ube nenkulumompikiswano yomphakathi) ngaphambi kokwandisa indima yokulwa yase-US e-Afghanistan:
1) NgoSepthemba, 2012 iqembu labesifazane basesigodini esimpofu esifundazweni saseLaghman esinezintaba babetheza izinkuni ngesikhathi indiza yaseMelika iwisa okungenani amabhomu amabili phezu kwabo, kwashona abayisikhombisa kwalimala abayisikhombisa, abane babo kabi. Esinye isakhamuzi, u-Mullah Bashir, sitshele i-Amnesty, “…Ngaqala ukucinga indodakazi yami. Ekugcineni ngamthola. Ubuso bakhe babugcwele igazi futhi umzimba wakhe uphahlazekile.”
2) Uphiko lwe-Special Operations Forces lwase-US lwaba necala lokubulala ngokungemthetho, ukuhlukumeza kanye nokuphoqelela ukunyamalala phakathi kukaZibandlela, 2012 kuya kuFebruwari, 2013. Phakathi kwalabo abahlukunyezwa kwakunoQandi Agha oneminyaka engu-51 ubudala, “isisebenzi esincane soMnyango Wezamasiko. ,” owachaza ngokuningiliziwe izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlushwa abhekana nazo. Watshelwa ukuthi uzohlukunyezwa esebenzisa “izinhlobo ezingu-14 ezahlukene zokuhlukumeza”. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa: Ukushaywa ngamakhebula, ukushaqeka kukagesi, ukucindezeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okubuhlungu, ikhanda eliphindaphindayo kuqala ukucwila emgqonyeni wamanzi, nokungcwatshwa emgodini ogcwele amanzi abandayo ubusuku bonke. Uthe bobabili Amabutho Akhethekile ase-US kanye nama-Afghan babambe iqhaza ekuhlushweni futhi bavame ukubhema i-hashish ngenkathi benza lokho.
3) NgoMashi 26, 2013 idolobhana laseSajawand lahlaselwa yi-Afghan—ISAF (International Special Assistance Forces). Kwabulawa abantu abaphakathi kuka-20-30 okuhlanganisa nezingane. Ngemuva kokuhlasela, umzala wesinye sezakhamuzi wavakashela endaweni yesigameko wathi, “Into yokuqala engayibona lapho ngingena enkompolo kwakuyingane encane cishe eneminyaka emithathu ubudala eyayidatshulwe isifuba; wawubona ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe. Indlu yaphenduka inqwaba yodaka nezigxobo kwangasala lutho. Ngesikhathi sikhipha izidumbu asibonanga noma yiliphi i-Taliban phakathi kwabashonile, futhi besingazi ukuthi kungani beshaywe noma bebulawa.
Umbiko we-NYT wenkulumompikiswano eputshuziwe ukhuluma ngesithembiso sika-Obama, asenza ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka futhi esesiphukile, sokuhoxisa amasosha. I-athikili ayikhulumi okunye Ukuphikiswa komphakathi wase-US ekuqhubekeni kwempi.
Imizamo yokwenza kabusha i-Afghanistan ngebutho lezempi ibangele impi, ubumpofu obusakazeke kakhulu futhi obuphelelwe yithemba, kanye nokushonelwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane abathandekayo babo abaphakathi kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abalimala. Izibhedlela zendawo zibika ukuthi zibona izingozi ezimbalwa ze-IED kanye namanxeba amaningi ezinhlamvu ezimpini phakathi kwamasosha ayizimbangi ahlomile okuthembeka kwawo, iTaliban, uhulumeni, noma okunye, okunzima ukukucacisa. Ngo-40% wezikhali zase-US ezinikezwa amabutho ezokuphepha ase-Afghan manje akaziwa, izikhali eziningi ezisetshenziswa nhlangothi zonke kungenzeka ukuthi zinikezwe yi-US
Okwamanje imiphumela yentando yeningi yase-US ayiqinisekisi. Ingabe lesi sinqumo senziwe emasontweni edlule kodwa simenyezelwe manje ukuthi ukhetho lukakhongolose seluphelile ngokuphepha? Kwakungu-a Friday ukuvuza kwekhabhinethi yasebusuku, engcwatshwe phakathi kwezimemezelo ezisemthethweni zokuphatha mayelana nokufika kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezigwegwe zase-Iran, ngempela isixazululo sikaMongameli sokungathandwa kwesinqumo esithinta izimpilo zabaningi kangaka? Ngokukhathalela izifiso zezakhamizi zase-US ezinikezwe isisindo esincane kangaka, kuyangabaza ukuthi kucatshangwa kakhulu ngezindleko ezimbi zalokhu kungenelela kwezempi kubantu abavamile abazama ukuphila, ukukhulisa imindeni nokuphila e-Afghanistan.
Kodwa kulabo “izimpikiswano zabo ezishisayo” ezigxile kuphela kulokho okulungele izintshisekelo zezwe lase-US, nazi iziphakamiso ezimbalwa:
1) I-US kufanele iqede umkhankaso wayo wamanje ovusa inkanuko wokuhlangana kwezempi nokuzungeza iRussia neChina ngemicibisholo. Kufanele yamukele ubuningi bamandla ezomnotho nawepolitiki emhlabeni wamanje. Izinqubomgomo zamanje zase-US zivuselela ukubuyela eMpini Yomshoshaphansi neRussia futhi ngokunokwenzeka ziqale enye neChina. Lesi isiphakamiso sokulahlekelwa/sokulahlekelwa kwawo wonke amazwe ahililekile.
2) Ngokusetha kabusha inqubomgomo egxile ekusebenzisaneni neRussia, i-China namanye amazwe anethonya ngaphakathi kohlaka lweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, i-United States ingakhuthaza ukulamula kwamazwe ngamazwe.
3) I-US kufanele inikeze ngosizo lwezokwelapha nezomnotho oluvulekile kanye nolwazi lobuchwepheshe nomaphi lapho lungaba usizo kwamanye amazwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakhe indawo yokugcina izinto ezinhle zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomthelela omuhle.
Leyo yinto okungekho muntu obekuyodingeka ayigcine iyimfihlo.
