Ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali ze-Nuclear - Yenziwa e-USA

NguJohn LaForge

I-United States mhlawumbe iyisisulu esikhulu sezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni wonke namuhla, ngokuphawula ngokusobala izivumelwano zesivumelwano seNational Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Isigaba I sesivumelwano sivimbela ababhalisi ekudluliseni izikhali zenuzi kwezinye izifundazwe, futhi i-Article II ivimbela ababhalisi ukuthi bangatholi izikhali zenuzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Ngenkathi iNgqungquthela Yokubuyekeza i-UN ye-NPT iqeda izingxoxo zayo zenyanga yonke eNew York ngesonto eledlule, ithimba laseMelika laphazamisa ukunakwa ekwephuleni kwalo lisebenzisa izixwayiso zalo ezijwayelekile ezibomvu nge-Iran neNyakatho Korea - eyayiqala ngaphandle kwesikhali esisodwa senuzi, kuthi eyokugcina ibe ne-8-to-10 (ngokusho kwalabo ababona izikhali ezinokwethenjelwa e-CIA) kepha bengenayo indlela yokuletha.

Ukuvinjelwa nokuzibophezela kwe-NPT kwaphinde kwaqinisekiswa futhi kwacaciswa yinhlangano yomthetho ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele ku-July 1996 Opinion Opinion on isimo sezomthetho sobungozi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi. INkantolo Yomhlaba Yezobulungiswa yathi kulesi sigqibo esidumile ukuthi izithembiso ezibophezelayo ze-NPT zokungadlulisi noma ukuthola izikhali zenuzi azifaneleki, zingabonakali, zikwazi ukuqonda futhi ziphelele. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ukwephulwa kwe-US kulula ukufanekisa.

Amaphutha aseNyukliya "aqashiwe" ku-British Navy

I-US "leases" yamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi-aqalise imicibisholo ye-intercontinental ballistic (SLBMs) ​​eBrithani ukuze isetshenziswe emanqenjini ayo amakhulu amane aseTrident. Senze lokhu iminyaka engamashumi amabili. I Ukuhamba kweBrithani ku-Atlantic ukuthatha imicibisholo yase-US e-Kings Bay Naval base eGeorgia.

Ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-US kubandakanya kuphela izikhali zenuzi ezesabekayo, unjiniyela omkhulu wezisebenzi eLokheed Martin eCalifornia njengamanje ubhekene nokuhlela, ukuxhumanisa nokwenza intuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe- "UK Trident Mk4A [warhead] Reentry Systems njengengxenye wohlelo lwe-UK Trident Weapons System 'Life Extension.' ”Lokhu, ngokusho kukaJohn Ainslie weScotland Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, ebhekisisa kakhulu amaTrithani aseBrithani - wonke lawa aseScotland, okucasule abaseScotland.

Ngisho nezimpi ze-W76 ezihlomisa imicibisholo ephethwe yi-US eziqashiselwe eNgilandi zinezingxenye ezenziwe e-United States. Ama-warheads asebenzisa i-Gas Transfer System (GTS) egcina i-tritium - uhlobo lwe-hydrogen enemisebe ebeka u- "H" ku-H-bomb - bese i-GTS iyifaka ku-plutonium warhead noma "emgodini." Onke amadivayisi we-GTS asetshenziswa kuma-Trident warheads aseBrithani akhiqizwa e-United States. Bese zithengiswa kumaRoyals noma zinikezwe ngokushintshanisa okungadalulwanga quid pro quo.

UDavid Webb, uSihlalo wamanje weBritain Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament obikiwe ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela Yokubukeza I-NPT, futhi kamuva waqinisekisa nge-imeyili ku-Nukewatch, ukuthi i-Sandia National Laboratory eNew Mexico yamemezela ngo-March 2011 ukuthi yayenze "owokuqala Uhlolo lwezilingo lwe-W76 United Kingdom "kwi-Laboratory ye-Weapons Assessment and Test Laboratory (i-WETL) eNew Mexico, nokuthi lokhu" kwakunikeze idatha yokuqeqeshwa okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzisweni kwe-UK kwe-W76-1. "I-W76 iyi-100 kiloton H-ibhomu eyenzelwe ngenxa yemicibisholo okuthiwa i-D-4 ne-D-5 Trident. Enye ye-centrifuges eSandia i-WETL ibonisa ukulandelana kwe-ballistic ye-W76 "imoto yokuvuselela" noma i-warhead. Ukuhlukaniswa okujulile nokuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-US ne-UK kungabizwa nge-Proliferation Plus.

Iningi lezimpi ze-Royal Navy ze-Trident zenziwa e-England e-Aldermaston izikhali zenuzi, evumela iWashington neLondon ukuthi ilandele i-NPT.

Amabhomu ase-US H asetshenziswe emazweni amahlanu ase-NATO

Ukwephulwa okusobala kweNPT ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhomu adonsela phansi e-US phakathi kuka-184 no-200, abizwa nge-B61, emazweni amahlanu aseYurophu - iBelgium, iNetherlands, i-Italy, iTurkey neJalimane. “Izivumelwano zokwabelana ngezikhali zenuzi” nalaba abalingani abalinganayo kwi-NPT - bonke labo abamemezela ukuthi “bayizizwe ezingezona ezenuzi” - baphikisana ngokusobala zombili i-Article I ne-Article II yesivumelwano.

I-US yiyona kuphela izwe emhlabeni elihambisa izikhali zenuzi kwamanye amazwe, futhi uma kwenzeka kulaba basebenzisana nabo basebenzi bezihlanu, US Air Force ngisho uqeqesha Abashayeli bezindiza base-Italy, baseJalimane, baseBelgium, baseTurkey nabaseDashi ekusetshenzisweni kwama-B61 ezindizeni zabo zempi - uma uMongameli engake a-ode into enjalo. Yize kunjalo, uhulumeni wase-US ufundisa njalo ezinye izifundazwe mayelana nokwephula kwabo umthetho wamazwe omhlaba, imingcele ecindezela nokwenza izinto zingabi namandla.

Njengoba kunesigxobo esikhulu, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iziphambanisi e-UN zihloniphekile ukubhekana ne-US ukungahloniphi i-NPT, ngisho nalapho isandiso nokuqiniswa kwayo kusetafuleni. Njengoba uHenry Thoreau esho, "Iphutha elibanzi futhi elivame kakhulu lidinga ubuhle obungathandeki kakhulu bokulondoloza."

- UJohn LaForge usebenzela iNukewatch, iqembu elibheka izinuzi zenuzi eWisconsin, uhlela incwajana yalo yekota, futhi uhlanganiswe PeaceVoice.