NguJohn LaForge
Ukumemezela kukaMeyi Korea yaseNyakatho ye-7 ukuthi angeke kube ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi kutholakale ngokuhlekwa okusemthethweni esikhundleni sokusizwa nokuhloma. Akukona umbiko owodwa wesimemezelo engingawuthola uqaphele ukuthi i-United States ayikaze yenze isibambiso sokungabikho kokuqala. Ayikho yezindaba ezintathu ezilandelwayo ngisho nokusho ukuthi iNyakatho Korea ayinaso ikhanda elilodwa elinamandla lokusebenzisa amandla enuzi. I-New York Times yavuma, "Izikhulu zaseSouth naseNingizimu Korea zazingabaza ukuthi iNorth Korea ikhiqize imishini engathembeki ye-intercontinental ballistic ezoletha ukukhokhelwa kwezinto zenuzi e-Continental United States."
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-nyukliya "kusho ukuhlaselwa kwezikhali zenuzi noma ukukhuphuka kokubhujiswa okuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwempi yenuzi, kanye namengameli asongela izikhathi eziningi njengezikhathi ze-15. Ekuthuthukiseni ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-1991 Persian Gulf, izikhulu zase-United States zihlanganisa ne-Def. Isigaba. Dick Cheney noSe. kaHulumeni uJames Baker emphakathini futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe wachaza ukuthi i-US ingasebenzisa izikhali zenuzi. Phakathi nokuqhuma kwamabhomu, uMb. Dan Burton, uR-Ind., Kanye nomlobi wekhomishana ohlanganyelwe uCal Thomas bobabili bakhuthaza ngokucacile impi yenuzi e-Iraq.
Ngo-Ephreli 1996, iPhini likaNobhala wezokuVikela likaMengameli uBill Clinton uHerald Smith wasabisa obala ngokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi eLibya engeyona eyenuzi - okwakuyiqembu leNuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - ngoba esolwa ngokwakha indawo yezikhali eyimfihlo. Ngenkathi uNobhala Wezokuvikela kaClinton uWilliam J. Perry ebuzwa ngale nsongo wayiphinda, ethi, "[U] ngeke avume ukuthi kungenzeka lokho." (ISivumelwano Sokungavumeli Ukwenqatshelwa senqabela ukuhlaselwa kwenuzi kwamanye amaqembu ombuso.)
Esikhathini "Isiqondiso Senqubomgomo Yomongameli 60" (PD 60) kaNovemba 1997, uClinton wenza umphakathi usebenzise izinhloso zenu zokuqala zokusebenzisa impi. Manje amabhomu ase-US H ahloselwe ezizweni ezikhonjiswe uMnyango WezoMbuso ukuba "udlwengule." I-PD 60 yehlisela umonakalo emzimbeni ngokumelene namathuba okuhlasela enyukliya. Imfundiso kaClinton "izovumela i-US ukuba iqalise izikhali zenuzi ekuphenduleni ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali noma eziphilayo," kusho iLos Angeles neNew York Times. (Ukuphikisa ukuthi sidinga ama-H-amabhomu ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali kunjengokuthi sidinga izigameko zenyukliya ukubilisa amanzi.) Ukuphonsa inqubomgomo yokuvimbela ngaphansi kwebhasi, uClinton "wabe eseyala ukuthi amasosha ... alondoloze ilungelo lokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi kuqala, ngisho nangaphambili ukuthunjwa kwesitha sokulwa nesitha. "
Umyalo kaClinton ube ngukukhalima okungenangqondo kwiNational Academy of Sciences (NAS) - iqembu lesizwe eliphakeme kunazo zonke lezeluleko zesayensi - elincome ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili, ngoJuni 18, 1997, ukuthi i-US, “imemezele ukuthi ayizukube ngowokuqala ukuyisebenzisa izikhali zenuzi empini noma enkingeni. ” Ngo-Ephreli 1998, iNxusa laseMelika likaClinton eMoscow lenqaba ngenqaba ukunqabela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ngokumelene ne-Iraq, lathi, “… asinqumi kusengaphambili noma yiliphi ikhono esingalithola.”
Futhi, ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari 2003, UNobhala WezeMpilo uColin Powell noNobhala Wezezindaba Zase-White House, u-Ari Fleischer, benqabe ukucacisa ngokucacile izikhali zenuzi njengendlela yokuzikhethela empini e-Iraq, ethi inqubomgomo yase-US ayifuni ukulawula lutho, u-Wade Boese we-Arms I-Control Association ibike. Ukwengeza, Def. Isigaba. UDonald Rumsfeld uthe ngo-Feb. Ikhomishana Yezinsizakalo Ze-13 ze-Senate ezwa ukuthi leyo nqubomgomo esemthethweni ithi i-US, "... ingabe isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi uma ihlaselwa."
Ukuqeda lokhu kwesabisa okukhulu kwamabhomu kungaletha isenzo se-US ngokuhambisana nokukhuluma kukaMongameli okuhlale kusola "ubuphekula benuzi." Isivumelwano samazwe omhlaba mayelana “nokuvikeleka okungeyona eyenuzi,” esamukelwa yizizwe ezinhlanu ezihlomile ngenuzi ngoMeyi 11, 1995, asiwaqedi amacala obuzenzisi abenziwe kubo. Isivumelwano sigcwele okuhlukile - isb., PD 60 - futhi asibophi. YiChina kuphela eyenziwe lesi sithembiso esingenakuphikwa: “Akunasikhathi futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile iChina ngeke ibe ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi futhi [iChina] izibophezele ngaphandle kwemibandela ukungazisebenzisi noma zisongele ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi emazweni angazona ezenuzi kanye nezindawo ezingenayo inuzi. . ” I-India yenze isethembiso esifanayo sokungasebenzisi okokuqala.
Ukuchithwa okusemthethweni kwe-US kokusetshenziswa kokuqala kuzovumela ukuthi izinhloko ezipholile ziphumelele ngokuqeda impikiswano mayelana nokuthiwa "umbundu" ukusetshenziswa kweBhomu. Kuzoqeda nokuphindaphindiwe komphakathi ngokumemezela ukuthi izikhali zenuzi ziyisizathu sokuvimbela lapho kulungiswa ukuhlaselwa "ngaphambi kokuqothulwa kwesitha sokulwa nesitha."
Ukufakaza "akukho ukusetshenziswa kokuqala" kuzosindisa izigidigidi zamaRandi ekucwaningweni, ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhiqizeni, kanye nezindleko zokugcina izinhlelo zokuqala zesiteleka: Amabhomu e-B61 H, izimpi zamanzi ezinhlanzi ze-Trident, Imikhumbi ye-Cruise kanye nempi ye-missile esekelwe emhlabathini.
Ngokuphawulekile, abahleli bempi yenuzi abasebenzise isiteleka sabo sokuqala “i-master card” bakholelwa ukuthi baphumelele - indlela isigebengu esingathola ngayo isikhwama semali sisebenzisa isibhamu esilayishiwe kodwa ngaphandle kokudonsa inhlamvu. Bafuna ukugcina “i-ace” yabo enyantisayo emkhonweni wabo, futhi bakhiqize inhlamba esindayo yokuphika ngokusemthethweni ukusetshenziswa kwenuzi okokuqala, ngoba ukwenza njalo kungahle kubangele izizathu ezisemthethweni "zokuwina" zokuhlolwa kwamabhomu emisebe eHiroshima nase INagasaki ngo-1945.
I-US kufanele ilandele ulimi olungenakuqhathaniswa nolwaseLatin lokungalokothi lisebenzise izikhali zenuzi kuqala noma ngokumelene nezifunda ezingezona zenuzi. Uma uMengameli Obama efuna ukunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezwe ngaphandle kokuxolisa kuHeroshima lapho evakashela idolobha eliyisithonjana, angasusa isikhundla sikaMengameli we-Clinton eyakhe, eshilo ukuthi i-US ngeke iphinde ibe yilabo abaqala ukuhamba nuclear.
UJohn LaForge, ogunyazwe ngu PeaceVoice, ngu Co-director of Nukewatch, iqembu lokuthula kanye nezobulungiswa bezemvelo eWisconsin, futhi ungumhleli we-Arianne Peterson weNuclear Heartland, ebuyekeziwe: Umhlahlandlela we-450 Land-Based Missiles yase-United States.
