Ibhalwe nguRené Wadlow, DLULA Isevisi Yemidiya, May 2, 2023
Ngomhla zizi-4 kuNdasa wezi-2023, eNhlanganweni Yezizwe Ezihlangene eNew York, kwathathwa isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela izilwandle ngokwethulwa kweSivumelwano Solwandle Oluphakeme. Inhloso yalesi sivumelwano ukuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zolwandle ezingaphezu kwemingcele kazwelonke. Lezi zingxoxo zaqala ngo-2004. Ubude bazo buyinkomba yobunye bobunzima bezinkinga.
ISivumelwano esisha Sezilwandle Eziphakeme sithinta ingxenye enkulu yezilwandle ezingaphezu kwamandla kazwelonke kanye nendawo yezomnotho ekhethekile (EEZ). Lesi sivumelwano esisha siwukubonakaliswa kokukhathazeka ngemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, imizamo yokulwa nokungcoliswa komhlaba, kanye nemiphumela yokudoba ngokweqile. Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo manje kuphezulu ohlelweni lwezombangazwe lwamazwe amaningi.
Isivumelwano esisha sakhela phezu kwezingxoxo phakathi neminyaka yawo-1970 ezaholela ku-1982 Law of the Sea Convention. Izingxoxo ezithathe iminyaka eyishumi, lapho izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ezifana ne-Association of World Citizens zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo, zabhekana ngokuyinhloko nokwelulwa kwamandla kazwelonke ukuze kufakwe "indawo yezomnotho ekhethekile" ngaphansi koMbuso ophethe i-12 nautical. -indawo yokulawula yamamayela. UMbuso okukhulunywa ngawo ungenza amalungiselelo ezezimali nezinye Imibuso ngokudoba noma eminye imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwendawo yezomnotho ekhethekile.
Umthetho Wesivumelwano Solwandle wango-1982 wawuwumzamo wokunikeza uhlaka lomthetho kulokho okwakuwumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ovamile ngokubhala isivumelwano esiphelele somthetho. I-Law of the Sea Convention iphinde yaholela ekwakhiweni kwenqubo esemthethweni yokuxazulula izingxabano.
Abanye babameleli abangekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ababambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni zabo-1970 baxwayise ngobunzima obuvela ngenxa yokunqwabelana Kwezindawo Zomnotho Ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi ama-EEZ azungeze iziqhingi ezincane zezwe. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisile ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwethu bekufanelekile. Isimo saseMedithera sixaka ngokusondelana noma ukugqagqana kweZizinda Zezomnotho Ezikhethekile zaseGreece naseTurkey, kanye nalezo zaseCyprus, eSyria, eLebanon, eLibya, e-Israel - wonke Amazwe anezingxabano ezijulile zezombangazwe.
Inqubomgomo yamanje kahulumeni waseShayina kanye nenani lemikhumbi yempi ehambahamba eSouth China Sea idlula noma yini engangiyesaba ngawo-1970. Ukungathwali kwesibopho samandla amakhulu, indlela yawo yokuzenzela umathanda kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye namandla alinganiselwe ezikhungo zomthetho zokuqukatha ukuziphatha koMbuso kwenza umuntu akhathazeke. Kodwa-ke, kuneSimemezelo se-Phnom Penh sango-2002 mayelana Nokuziphatha Kwamaqembu e-South China Sea esidinga ukwethenjwa, ukubanjwa, nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano ngezindlela zomthetho ukuze sethembe ukuthi "amakhanda apholile" azophumelela.
Abamele izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni baphinde babamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweSivumelwano esisha se-High Seas, noma ngabe kusenezinkinga, njengokumbiwa kwezimayini olwandle, ezishiywe ngaphandle kwesivumelwano. Kuyakhuthaza ukuthi kube nokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni abakhulu - i-USA, i-China, i-European Union. Usekhona umsebenzi, futhi imizamo kahulumeni kufanele ibhekwe ngeso lokhozi. Kodwa-ke, u-2023 useyisiqalo esihle sokuvikela nokusebenzisa izilwandle ngobuhlakani.
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URené Wadlow uyilungu le TRANSCEND Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yokuthuthukisa Ukuthula. UnguMongameli we-Association of World Citizens, inhlangano yokuthula yamazwe ngamazwe enesimo sokubonisana ne-ECOSOC, uphiko lweZizwe Ezihlangene olusiza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nokuxazulula izinkinga ezindabeni zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, kanye nomhleli we-Transnational Perspectives.
