by Monica Amarelo I-EWG, Disemba 19, 2022
Amalungu enkonzo angaphezu kuka-600,000 ezindaweni ezingu-116 zokufakwa kwezempi minyaka yonke anikezwa amanzi anamazinga ayingozi ayingozi.amakhemikhali angunaphakade” eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-PFAS, ngokusho kwe- Ukuhlaziya i-Environmental Working Group.
Ucwaningo lwangaphakathi olwenziwe nguMnyango Wezokuvikela kusukela ngo-Ephreli luphethe ngokuthi i-Pentagon inikeze amanzi angaphephile aqukethe i-PFOA ne-PFOS - i-PFAS emibili edume kakhulu - kumalungu ayi-175,000 ngonyaka ekufakweni kwe-24. Lolo cwaningo lubala kuphela amalungu esevisi lapho kufakwa khona amanzi anamazinga e-PFOA ne-PFOS amakhulu kunezingxenye ze-70 ngethriliyoni ngayinye, noma i-ppt, izinga lokweluleka elibekwe yi-Environmental Protection Agency ngo-2016. Kodwa i-ejensi ngoJuni yaqinisa lelo zinga, laba ngaphansi kwe 1 ppt.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DOD nakho akubandakanyi amanzi okuphuza amalungu esevisi athengwe ezinsizeni zamanzi zendawo noma ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezisekelwe ezinsizeni, okungenzeka ukuthi angcoliswe ngamakhemikhali.
I-DOD ayikashicileli ukuhlolwa, kwangomhla ziyi-18 kuMbasa, 2022, kuya kuyo iwebhusayithi ye-PFAS yomphakathi, okwenza ukuthi ingatholakali emphakathini noma kumalungu enkonzo, ngaphandle kwesicelo. Umbiko ugunyazwe ngu Congress kwisabelomali sezokuvikela sika-2019.
Inani lamalungu enkonzo anikezwe amanzi angcolile lingase libe likhulu kunesilinganiso se-EWG, esincike ekubuyekezweni kokuhlolwa kwesistimu yamanzi okubikwe esidlangalaleni namarekhodi e-DOD.
Ukufakwa okuhlonzwe kwe-DOD nge-PFOS/PFOS emanzini okuphuza |
State |
I-Belmont Armory |
UMika. |
Camp Carroll |
Korea |
I-Camp Red Cloud |
Korea |
Camp Stanley |
Korea |
Camp Walker |
Korea |
El Campo |
Texas |
I-Fort Hunter Liggett |
I-Calif. |
I-Joint Base Lewis McChord |
Geza. |
Sierra Army Depot |
I-Calif. |
I-Soto Cano Air Base |
Honduras |
I-Mountain Home AFB |
Idaho |
I-Horsham Air National Guard Base |
I-Pa. |
Eielson AFB |
Alaska |
I-Boston AFS entsha |
NH |
Wright-Patterson AFB |
Ohio |
I-Kunsan Air Base |
Korea |
I-Naval Air Station i-Oceana, i-Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Fentress |
Hambani. |
Isikhungo Sokusekela Amasosha Asolwandle u-Diego Garcia I |
Indian Ocean |
Isikhungo Sokusekela Amasosha Asolwandle u-Diego Garcia Cantonment |
Indian Ocean |
Isikhungo Sokusekela Amasosha Asolwandle i-Diego Garcia Sub Site |
Indian Ocean |
I-Naval Radio Transmitter Facility - i-Dixon |
I-Calif. |
I-Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (eNingizimu) |
I-Calif. |
I-Naval Air Station - iLakehurst |
NJ |
I-Chievres Air Base/Caserne Daumerie |
Belgium |
Ukufakwa okwengeziwe ngePFOA/PFOS emanzini okuphuza |
State |
I-PFOA/PFOS ku-pp |
Eareckson AFBe |
Alaska |
62.1 |
Fort Wainwright |
Alaska |
5.6 |
I-Fort Rucker |
Kuya ku-. |
6.2 |
Ikamu Navajo |
U-Ariz. |
17.1 |
I-Silver Bell Army Heliport |
U-Ariz. |
10.1 |
I-Joint Force Training Base - Los Alamitos |
I-Calif. |
26.7 |
I-Marine Corps Logistics Base - Barstow |
I-Calif. |
67 |
I-Military Ocean Terminal Concord |
I-Calif. |
3.1 |
I-Parks Reserve Forces Training Area |
I-Calif. |
18.5 |
I-Sharpe Army Depot |
I-Calif. |
15 |
Isiteshi saseCorry |
Fl. |
15.1 |
I-Marianna Readiness Centre |
Fl. |
9.56 |
I-Ocala Readiness Center |
Fl. |
16 |
I-Fort Benning |
UGa. |
17.7 |
Fort Gordon |
UGa. |
12.5 |
Gillem Annex |
UGa. |
12.5 |
I-Guam US Naval Activities |
Guam |
59 |
I-Iowa Army Amunition Plant |
Iowa |
6 |
I-Rock Island Arsenal |
Ukugula. |
13.6 |
I-Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane |
I-Ind. |
1.4 |
I-Terre Haute National Guard Site |
I-Ind. |
5.8 |
I-Fort Leavenworth |
Kan.` |
|
I-Fort Campbell |
I-Kan. |
15.8 |
Fort Knox |
I-Ky. |
4 |
Natick Soldier Systems Center |
IMisa. |
11.8 |
I-Rehoboth National Guard Site |
IMisa. |
2.1 |
UBrigadier General Thomas B. Baker Indawo Yokuqeqesha |
UMd. |
3.9 |
Camp Fretterd Readiness Centre |
UMd. |
1.66 |
Fort Detrick |
UMd. |
6.9 |
Frederick Readiness Centre |
UMd. |
2.9 |
Ukubhuka Kwezempi Yesibhamu Sokudubula |
UMd. |
5.5 |
La Plata Readiness Centre |
UMd. |
2.2 |
I-Queen Anne Readiness Centre |
UMd. |
1.04 |
I-Bangor Training Site |
Maine |
16.3 |
Camp Grayling |
UMika. |
13.2 |
I-Grand Ledge Hangar |
UMika. |
1.78 |
Jackson Readiness Centre |
UMika. |
0.687 |
Camp Ripley |
Minn. |
1.79 |
I-Fort Leonard Wood |
Mo. |
5.1 |
Camp McCain |
Hlukana. |
0.907 |
Isitolo Sokulungisa Inkundla yeBillings 6 |
I-Mont. |
1.69 |
I-Fort Bragg |
NC |
|
I-Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point |
NC |
21.2 |
Seymour Johnson AFB |
NC |
11.53 |
Camp Davis |
ND |
0.92 |
Camp Grafton |
ND |
5.85 |
Camp Ashland |
Neb. |
2.3 |
Isitolo Sokulungisa Inkundla yaseNorfolk 7 |
Neb. |
3.4 |
Indawo Yokuqeqesha Abaqaphi Kazwelonke YaseNew Hampshire -Strafford |
NH |
10 |
I-Flemington Armory |
NJ |
1.67 |
I-Franklin Armory |
NJ |
2.73 |
Picatinny Arsenal |
NJ |
|
Camp Smith |
NY |
51 |
I-Fort Drum |
NY |
53 |
ISeneca Lake |
NY |
1.8 |
I-Arsenal ye-Watervliet |
NY |
4 |
I-West Point US Military Academy |
NY |
3 |
Camp Gruber Training Centre |
Kulungile. |
1.02 |
I-Mcalester Army Amunition Plant |
Kulungile |
3.1 |
Midwest City Readiness Centre |
Kulungile |
4.42 |
Camp Rilea |
Insimbi. |
0.719 |
I-Christmas Valley Radar Site |
Insimbi. |
1.2 |
I-Lane County Air Force Readiness Center Uhlelo Lokuqapha Indawo 5 |
Insimbi. |
1.68 |
I-Ontario Readiness Center |
Insimbi. |
1.2 |
Salem Anderson Readiness Centre |
Insimbi. |
1.8 |
Izindawo zokuhlala e- Carlisle Barracks |
I-Pa. |
2 |
I-Fort Indiantown Gap |
I-Pa. |
1.42 |
I-Tobyhanna Army Depot |
I-Pa. |
4.78 |
Camp Santiago Training Centre |
Isikhumulo |
2.9 |
I-Fort Allen Training Area |
Isikhumulo |
2.11 |
I-Muñiz Air National Guard Base |
Isikhumulo |
7.1 |
I-Coventry Training Site |
RI |
10.6 |
North Smithfield |
RI |
27.6 |
Fort Jackson |
I-SC |
18.2 |
Indawo Yokuqeqesha yaseMcCrady |
I-SC |
1.19 |
I-Custer Training Site |
I-SD |
0.1 |
I-Holston Army Amunition Plant |
UTenn. |
6.1 |
Camp Bowie-Musgrave |
Texas |
0.8 |
I-Fort Hood |
Texas |
2.4 |
Camp Williams |
Utah |
3.39 |
UFort Lee |
Hambani. |
1.5 |
Umsebenzi Wokusekela Amasosha Asolwandle i-Hampton Roads Northwest |
Hambani. |
1.2 |
I-Vint Hills |
Hambani. |
410 |
I-Bethlehem Military Compound (St. Croix) |
VI |
1.23 |
UBlair Hangar AAOF (St. Croix) |
VI |
0.903 |
Francis Armory Nazareth (St. Thomas) |
VI |
3.6 |
North Hyde Park |
I-Vt. |
1.97 |
Camp Ethan Allen Training Site |
I-Vt. |
40.8 |
I-Westminster Training Site |
I-Vt. |
0.869 |
I-Fairchild AFB |
Geza. |
4.5 |
Yakima Training Centre |
Geza. |
|
Camp Guernsey |
I-Wyo. |
0.836 |
I-EWG ikhombe okungaphezu kwalokho Izingosi ze-DOD ezingama-400 ngokungcola okwaziwayo kwe-PFAS emhlabathini noma emanzini okuphuza. Ukusetshenziswa kwegwebu lokucisha umlilo elenziwe nge-PFAS kuwumthombo oyinhloko walokhu kungcola. I-PFAS ingafudukela emithonjeni i-DOD eyisebenzisela amanzi okuphuza, kuye ngezimo eziqondene nesayithi.
I-PFAS yaziwa ngokuthi “amakhemikhali angunaphakade” ngoba uma esekhululiwe endaweni awabhidlizi futhi angakheka egazini nasezithweni zethu. Ukuchayeka ku-PFAS kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza, kulimaza ukukhula kwe-fetus futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithi yokugoma. Igazi cishe labo bonke abantu baseMelika lingcoliswe yi-PFAS, ngokusho kwe- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwe-DOD kubona okuningi kwalokhu kulimala, kodwa akunaki ubungozi obukhulayo bomdlavuza wezinso kanye nomdlavuza wamasende kusuka ekuchayekeni kwe-PFAS, okubhalwe kahle ngabanye. izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
I-DOD iphinde yawubeka ngaphandle umphumela we-PFAS empilweni kamama nengane ngoba ukubuyekezwa kwayo "kugxile kumalungu ezempi namakadebona." Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi mayelana 13,000 amalungu enkonzo azala minyaka yonke, futhi amalungu omndeni amaningi ahlala ekufakweni kwe-DOD.
"Ukuchayeka kwe-PFAS ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nasebuntwaneni kuhlotshaniswa nokulimala okuningi kwezempilo, okubandakanya umfutho wegazi ophakeme obangelwa ukukhulelwa, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, isikhathi esifushane sokuncelisa, ukuphazamiseka kwegilo, ukwehla kokugoma kanye nokulimala ezinhlelweni zokuzala," kusho i-EWG Toxicologist. U-Alexis Temkin, Ph.D.