Ngu-Hero Anwar Bzrw noGayle Morrow, uJanuwari 31, 2019
Kusukela I-Counterpunch
Ngo-Agasti ka-1990, uSaddam Hussein wathumela amabutho ase-Iraq e-Kuwait, umakhelwane ocebile ngamafutha e-Iraq, ngokungafanele ngokucabanga ukuthi amanye amazwe ase-Arab esifundeni nase-United States ngeke abanikeze ukusekela e-Kuwait. I-United Nations yasabela masinya futhi, lapho kukhuthazwa i-US ne-UK, bafaka izigwegwe zezomnotho nge-Resolution 661 kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamanqanda ukuphoqelela izigwegwe ngeSinqumo 665. NgoNovemba, i-UN yadlulisa i-Resolution 668 ebeka i-Iraq kuze kufike uJanuwari 15, 1991, ukuba ihoxise noma ibhekane nemiphumela yamasosha evela kuma-United Nations amabutho.
NgoJanuwari 16, i-1991, namabutho ase-Iraq namanje axoshwe e-Kuwait, i-Operation Desert Storm, eholwa yi-General General Norman Schwarzkopf futhi ijoyine amazwe angamashumi amathathu nambili e-UN, iqalile ngezindiza zokuqala zokulwa ezivela ePersian Gulf, eya eBaghdad. Izigameko zaqhubeka iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye-i-1990-2003-kwaze kube yilapho uhulumeni wase-Iraq ephuma eKaiit.
I-Hero Anwar Brzw, kanye nomfowabo, wayengumfundi eSunivesithi yaseSalahaddin e-Erbil, e-Iraq, ingxenye yenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe - i-Kurdistan. I-Iraq ne-Kurdistan banomlando omude wokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi izihlubuki zibuyela emuva nje ngemva kwe-WWI, lapho uMbuso wase-Ottoman uhlukaniswa njengempango yempi, kanti iBrithani ithatha le ndawo.
Lokhu ukubuyisela indaba yakhe yokwesaba impi kanye nemiphumela emibi yezigwebo kubantu base-Kurdish nase-Iraq.
Indaba kaHero
I-Kuwait yahlaselwa ku-1990. Thina esizokhokha besaba ngalesi sihlaselo. Sasiyazi ukuthi kwakungalungile ukuthi i-Iraq ihlasele i-Kuwait, futhi sazi ukuthi intengo izokhokhwa ekugcineni thina, abantu, hhayi labo abakuqalayo. Ngangingumfundi eYunivesithi, kanti abafundi babehamba. "Kungcono ukuhlala ekhaya uma kuhlaselwa," basho.
Ekuqaleni izigwebo ezithintekayo zisithinte kanzima. Kwangethusa kakhulu. Izindleko eziyisisekelo zase-Iraq zangaphambili azizange zibize, kodwa ngokushesha izintengo ziphindwe kabili, ziphindwe kathathu, bese zithi isibhakabhaka okungenangqondo. Abantu ngokwemvelo babekhathazeka kakhulu ngesidingo esiyisisekelo sokuphila, ukudla. Lokhu kwaqala ukungavikeleki okukhulu-ukulinda impi. Iningi lethu isu elibhekene nalo ekuqaleni kwakuwukusebenzisa imali yethu; ngakho-ke, lapho bomile, ukuthengisa noma yini esingakwenza.
E-Iraq, ngesidlo sasidla kathathu ngosuku futhi siphunga phakathi. Kancane kancane lokhu kwashintsha kwaba yizidlo ezimbili ngosuku. E-Iraq abantu babevame ukuphuza itiye izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku. Ngokungazelelwe sasingakwazi ukukhokhela lokhu, yize itiye lingabizi.
Cabanga ukuthi awunakho ukudla okwanele etafuleni ukuze ukwanelise, udle ukuze usinde. Emndenini wami singasinda ekuqaleni, kodwa eminyakeni emibili edlule yesigwebo sashiya itafula elambile, ngoba iminyaka emibili ngokuqhubekayo. Kwakukhona neminye imindeni yabantwana abaye bafa esikoleni ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla. Uthisha endaweni esengozini uthe usuku ngalunye izingane ezintathu zizofakwa esibhedlela ngenxa yokungondleki.
[Ukuntuleka kokudla okubangelwa ukuhlwithwa kwezingxabano kwakungeyona yodwa inkinga. AmaKurds, afana noHerry Anwar Brzw, abhekene nezigwegwe ezimbili. Ngaphezulu kwezingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe e-Iraq, uhulumeni waseBaghdad wajezisa amaKurds ngezijeziso ezengeziwe, ngokuphendula ukunyakaza kukaKurdistan.
IBaghdad ijezise iKurdistan ngokunciphisa ugesi wethu emahoreni owodwa noma amabili ngosuku. Le migomo yaqhubeka iminyaka. Umama wabhaka isinkwa phakathi nalelo hora, ukuze kube khona isinkwa sakusihlwa ngosuku olulandelayo. Asikwazanga ukuthenga isinkwa emabhakheni njengoba sasivame ukwenza ngaphambi kwezigwebo.
I-Fuel yayiyinkinga enkulu futhi. Sine-ovini yegesi kodwa asikwazanga ukuyisebenzisa, ngenxa yemingcele evela eBaghdad efakini. Senze ama-ovens ngaphandle kwamakani a-aluminium avuselelwe ngomshini owodwa kagesi ukuze usebenzise i-heater nomunye wokubhaka.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, awuyikudla leso sinkwa ngoba kwakungekho omuhle, kodwa ngoba sasilamba kakhulu, kwakubonakala kunomusa kithi. Konke ukudla okumnandi kumile: ukudla okulula, amaswidi kanye nezithelo. Ngokwengqondo sasizizwa singalondekile sonke isikhathi.
Umama ophekwe i-lentil isobho futhi sasixubene nesobho ngezingcezu zesinkwa ukuze sidle. Ngesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sokwengeza i-turmeric, umama wanezela ngengozi enkulu yeshukela. Asikwazanga ukudla isobho. Sizame, kodwa kwakuyiphunga kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yendleko, umama akakwazanga ukusho ukuthi, "Kulungile, sizoba nokuthile okunye."
Kwakubuhlungu kakhulu ukudla leso sobho. Sasikhala, bese sizama futhi ukuyidla. Ukudla okuphelele kuye kwaphela. Asikwazanga ukuyidla. Kodwa ngosuku olulandelayo umama walwenza kabusha. "Angikwazi ukulahla ukudla," esho. Yeka ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukusinika ukudla ayeyazi ukuthi asikuthandi, futhi asikwazanga ukudla! Ngemuva kwayo yonke le minyaka ngisayikhumbula.
Yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi kahulumeni yayingasebenzi kangako ngenxa yezigwebo, kubandakanya umkhakha wezempilo. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, izibhedlela kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelashwa zazisekelwa ngokuphelele nguhulumeni, ngisho nezifo ezingelapheki kanye nezifo zokwelashwa. Sithole nemithi yamahhala kuzo zonke izikhalazo.
Ngenxa yezigwegwe, kwakunokukhetha okuncane kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemithi. Imithi etholakalayo ivinjelwe ezigabeni ezivinjiwe. Ukuhlukahluka kokukhethwa kukho kuye kwaba lula futhi kuqinisekiswa ohlelweni olwenziwe ngokwemvelo.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuthintekile kanye nempilo ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuthi izigwegwe ziqale, ukuntuleka kokudla kwabangela izinkinga zempilo. Ukungondleki kwakungumthwalo omusha ohlelweni lwesibhedlela, kanti uhlelo lwalo luba nemithi encane nemishini kunesikhathi esedlule.
Ukuhlanganisa ubunzima, ubusika eKurdistan kubanda kakhulu. I-Kerosene yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokushisa, kodwa uhulumeni wase-Iraq wavumela kuphela i-parafini emadolobheni amathathu aseKurdish. Ngenye indawo kwakushisa iqhwa futhi sasingekho indlela yokushisa amakhaya ethu.
Uma abantu abanengqondo bezama ukuletha amamitha ayishumi noma amabili e-diesel ezindaweni ezingaphansi kolawulo lukahulumeni waseBaghdad ezindaweni ezingenawo uphethiloli, uphethiloli uthathwe kubo. Abantu bazama ukuthwala isisindo esinjalo empilweni yabo ukuze bafinyelele ezitheni zokuhlola; ngezinye izikhathi baphumelela, ngezinye izikhathi abazange baphumelele. Umuntu oyedwa wayenamafutha athululelwe phezu kwakhe futhi wabeka phansi; waba yisibani somuntu ukuvimbela abanye.
Cabanga ukube ubungeke ukwazi ukufinyelela kwimikhiqizo evela kwelinye idolobha ezweni lakini! Izijeziso zangaphakathi ezibhekiswe kubantu baseKurdish zazinzima kakhulu ukwedlula unswinyo lwamazwe omhlaba. Asikwazanga ukuthenga amadethi ngokusemthethweni. Abantu babeka impilo yabo engcupheni ukuletha izinsuku ezisuka kwenye ingxenye ye-Iraq ziye kwenye. Besingenakuba notamatisi e-Erbil, yize endaweni yaseMosul, ebingapheli isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora, bekukhona izindlu zokugcina izithombo lapho betshala khona utamatisi.
Izigwegwe ezijwayelekile zaqhubeka kuze kufike umbuso weSaddam ku-2003.
Kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi izigwegwe zawela kubantu - abantu abangenacala Iraq - hhayi umbuso. USaddam Hussein nabalingani bakhe bangathenga zonke izinhlobo zotshwala, ugwayi nokunye - noma yini abayifunayo, empeleni, engcono kunazo zonke. Abazange bahlukane nezigwegwe.
Izijeziso ezabekwa abantu base-Iraq yilabo ababizwa ngokuthi “yisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni,” i-United States of America, zabulala abantu abaningi kakhulu, hhayi ngamabhomu nangezinhlamvu kuphela, kodwa nangendlala, ukungondleki, ukukhathala, imithi engatholakali; izingane zafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla nemithi. Lokho okuchaziwe empeleni kuyicala elikhulu lempi.
[Kwi I-1996 CBS I-60 imizuzu ingxoxo, UMadeleine Albright wabuzwa uLeslie Stahl uma ukufa kwezingane ze-500,000 ngesikhathi sokuhlushwa kwakuyimali edingekayo yokukhokha. U-Albright uphendule, "Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa intengo - sicabanga ukuthi intengo ibalulekile."]
Kwakukhona futhi amaKurds nabantu base-Iraq abazibulala ngokwabo, ngoba babengenakuhlinzeka ngemindeni yabo ngokwanele. Amagama abo awafakiwe ohlwini lwazisulu. Khona-ke kukhona abantu ababole imali kwabanye ukuthi abakwazanga ukuyibuyisela; bahlazeka futhi basongelwa futhi ngokuvamile baqhutshwa ekuzibulaleni.
Kusukela ekuqaleni sazi ukuthi izigwegwe azizange zishintshe umbuso: awuzange ube nobudlova obuncane ngenxa yezijeziso! Babephethe izikhali zokusebenzisa abantu base-Iraq, basebenzisa zona, futhi basiphatha kabi.
Akunangqondo ngaphandle kwemidlalo yezombusazwe engcolile. Ngokusobala kwakungenxa yokuhlasela kweKwait, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iSaddam ayizange ihlasele amanye amazwe futhi isebenzise izikhali zokubhubhisa kwabantu ukuthi iSaddam kwakufanele ukuba igcinwe endaweni ethile. I-US yayidinga kuphela ukugwema imboni yezikhali.
Kodwa lokho okwakwenziwa yi-US kwaba ukuvimbela imithi ebalulekile nokudla ukungena e-Iraq, kuphazamise izimpilo zabantu base-Iraq abangenacala futhi kuholele emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zabantu abafelwa ukungondleki nokuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Umuntu ohlukumezekile ongenethuba lokuphulukiswa, futhi akukho ukufinyelela kokwelulekwa, akakwazi ukubona ngokucacile. Ubona konke nge-"US" ephrintiwe kuwo futhi ezonda ama-US. Ucabanga ukuthi ithuba lokuphindiselela kuphela ngukusebenza kwezempi. Uma ungena emazweni afana ne-Iraq, i-Afghanistan, noma amanye amazwe amaningi ahluphekile izinqubomgomo ze-US, ethwala ipasipoti yakho yase-US ingabeka ukuphila kwakho engozini ngenxa yezenzo ezimbi zikahulumeni wase-US.
[Polls i-Gallup, i-Pew, nezinye izinhlangano ngokuqhubekayo, okungenani kusukela ku-2013, kubonisa ukuthi iningi labantu kwamanye amazwe libheka ukuthi i-US iyingozi kakhulu ekuthuleni kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi abaphathi bezempi namanje abaphathi bezempi baye baphawula ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izinqubomgomo zase-US ezisetshenziswa emazweni amaSulumane zidala amaphekula amaningi kunokuba azivimbele.]
Ukuphakamisa ukuqwashisa kwenza abantu bathi "Cha" kokungalungi. Yilokho esingakwenza. Ukukwabelana ngalezi zindaba kuyindlela yethu yokuxwayisa umhlaba mayelana nemiphumela yabantu engabonakali, engabonakali yezigwebo.
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I-Hero Anwar Brzw wazalwa ngoMeyi 25, 1971 eSulaymaniyah eKurdistan, e-Iraq. Wamthola iziqu ze-bachelor kwezobunjiniyela ngo-1992 eSalahaddin University e-Erbil, e-Iraq. UnguSekela Mphathi Wezwe REACH(Ukuvuselelwa, Ukufundiswa kanye Nempilo Yomphakathi) e-Iraq.
Gayle Morrow ungumlobi wokuzithandela nomcwaningi World BEYOND War, inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, inethiwekhi ekhuthaza ukuqedwa kwempi. I-Gayle isiza ukuhlelwa kokukhanya nokubukezwa kokubukwa kule ndaba.
Lo msebenzi wokubambisana wawuwumphumela wokufaka okuningi kwamavolontiya kwinqubo yokubhalisa nokuhlela. Ngenxa yabaningi abangaqanjwanga ngegama World BEYOND War izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezasiza ukwenza lokhu kutholakale.
