Umbhikisho wokuthula e-White House - Ikhredithi yesithombe: iacenter.org
NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Februwari 8, i-2022
Ngenkathi abaphathi be-Biden bethumela amasosha nezikhali eziningi ukubhebhethekisa ingxabano yase-Ukraine futhi iCongress ithela uphethiloli owengeziwe emlilweni, abantu baseMelika basendleleni ehluke ngokuphelele.
A December 2021 i-poll ithole ukuthi ubuningi babantu baseMelika kuwo womabili amaqembu ezepolitiki bakhetha ukuxazulula ukungezwani nge-Ukraine ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo. Ngomunye uDecember i-poll ithole ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika (amaphesenti angama-48) lingaphikisa ukuya empini neRussia uma lihlasela i-Ukraine, ngamaphesenti angama-27 kuphela avuna ukubandakanyeka kwezempi yase-US.
I-Conservative Koch Institute, eyagunyaza leyo nhlolovo, iphethe ngokuthi "I-United States ayinazo izithakazelo ezibalulekile e-Ukraine futhi ukuqhubeka nokuthatha izinyathelo ezandisa ubungozi bokubhekana neRussia ehlome ngezikhali zenuzi ngakho-ke akudingekile ekuvikelekeni kwethu. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yempi engapheli phesheya, akumangazi ukuthi kukhona ukuxwaya phakathi kwabantu baseMelika ngenye futhi impi engeke isenze siphephe noma siphumelele kakhulu. "
Izwi elidume kakhulu elimelene nempi ku- kwesokudla ngumethuli we-Fox News u-Tucker Carlson, obelokhu ekhwela edilika oklebe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, njengabanye abalwela inkululeko abamelene nokungenelela.
Kwesokunxele, umbono wokulwa nempi wawusebenza ngokugcwele ngoFebhuwari 5, lapho usuphelile Imibhikisho yango-75 senzeka ukusuka eMaine kuya e-Alaska. Ababhikishi, okuhlanganisa nezishoshovu zezinyunyana, abezemvelo, abasebenzi bezempilo nabafundi, bakugxekile ukuthela imali eyengeziwe embuthweni wezempi ekubeni sinezidingo eziningi ezivuthayo emakhaya.
Ungacabanga ukuthi iCongress izobe inanela umbono womphakathi wokuthi impi neRussia ayinantshisekelo yezwe lethu. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuthatha isizwe sakithi empini futhi sisekele isabelomali sezempi e-gargantuan kubonakala kuyizinkinga kuphela zombili izinhlangothi ezivumelana ngazo.
Iningi lamaRiphabhulikhi kuCongress egxeka uBiden ngokungabi namandla ngokwanele (noma ukugxila eRussia esikhundleni seChina) kanye namaDemocrat amaningi Esaba ukuphikisa umongameli weDemocratic Alliance noma agcotshwe njengabaxolisi bakaPutin (khumbula, amaDemocrats achitha iminyaka emine ngaphansi kukaTrump edonsa iRussia).
Zombili izinhlangothi zinezikweletu ezifuna unswinyo olunzima eRussia futhi zasheshisa "usizo olubulalayo" e-Ukraine. AmaRiphabhulikhi ayamela $ 450 million ekuthunyelweni okusha kwezempi; amaDemokhrasi awakhuphula ngenani lentengo $ 500 million.
I-Progressive Caucus abaholi UPramila Jayapal noBarbara Lee bacele ukuthi kube nezingxoxo futhi kwehliswe izinga. Kodwa abanye ku-Caucus–njengama-Reps. U-David Cicilline kanye no-Andy Levin–bakhona abaxhasi yomthethosivivinywa owesabekayo omelene neRussia, kanye noSomlomo uPelosi ukusheshisa umthethosivivinywa wokusheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali e-Ukraine.
Kepha ukuthumela izikhali ezengeziwe kanye nokubeka unswinyo olunzima kungavusa kuphela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yase-US eRussia, nazo zonke izindleko zayo eziya emphakathini waseMelika: ukuchitha imali eningi kwezempi. ekubalekeleni indawo ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi okudingeka kakhulu; ukuhlukana kwezwe nepolitiki okubukela phansi amazwe ngamazwe ukubambisana ukuze uthole ikusasa elingcono; futhi, hhayi okungenani, yanda ubungozi bempi yenuzi engaqeda ukuphila eMhlabeni ngendlela esikwazi ngayo.
Kulabo abafuna izixazululo zangempela, sinezindaba ezinhle.
Izingxoxo ezimayelana ne-Ukraine azigcini nje kuMongameli u-Biden kanye nemizamo kaNobhala u-Blinken ehlulekile yokuqeda amaRussia. Kukhona enye ithrekhi yezokuthula ekhona kakade e-Ukraine, inqubo esungulwe kahle ebizwa ngokuthi I-Minsk Protocol, eholwa yiFrance neJalimane futhi iqondiswa yiNhlangano Yezokuphepha Nokubambisana eYurophu (OSCE).
Impi yombango eMpumalanga ye-Ukraine yagqashuka ngasekuqaleni kuka-2014, ngemva kokuba abantu baseDonetsk naseLuhansk izifundazwe bememezele ukuzimela kwe-Ukraine njengeDonetsk (I-DPR) kanye neLuhansk (I-LPR) AmaRiphabhulikhi Yabantu, ngokuphendula i Ukuketula umbuso okusekelwa yi-US e-Kiev ngo-February 2014. Uhulumeni wangemva kokuvukela umbuso wasungula entsha “Isivikelo Sikazwelonke” amayunithi okuhlasela isifunda esahlubuka, kodwa abahlukumezi balwa futhi babamba indawo yabo, ngokwesekwa okuthile okucashile okuvela eRussia. Kwaqalwa imizamo yezombangazwe ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana.
Eyokuqala I-Minsk Protocol yasayinwa yi-“Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine” (Russia, Ukraine kanye ne-OSCE) ngoSepthemba 2014. Yanciphisa udlame, kodwa yehluleka ukuqeda impi. I-France, i-Germany, i-Russia kanye ne-Ukraine nayo yaba nomhlangano e-Normandy ngoJuni 2014 futhi leli qembu laziwa ngokuthi "i-Normandy Contact Group" noma "Ifomethi yaseNormandy. "
Wonke la maqembu aqhubekile nokuhlangana nokuxoxisana, kanye nabaholi bamazwe azibize ngokuthi iDonetsk (DPR) kanye neLuhansk (LPR) People's Republics eMpumalanga ye-Ukraine, futhi ekugcineni basayina isivumelwano. Minsk II isivumelwano ngo-February 12, 2015. Imigomo yayifana ne-Minsk Protocol yasekuqaleni, kodwa inemininingwane eminingi futhi inokuthenga okwengeziwe okuvela ku-DPR ne-LPR.
Isivumelwano saseMinsk II sivunywe ngazwi linye nguMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ngo Isinqumo 2202 ngoFebhuwari 17, 2015. I-United States ivotele lesi sinqumo, futhi amaMelika angama-57 njengamanje asebenza njengabaqaphi bokuqeda ukulwa I-OSCE e-Ukraine.
Izinto ezibalulekile zeSivumelwano se-Minsk II sika-2015 zaziyizi:
- ukumiswa ngokushesha phakathi kwamasosha kahulumeni wase-Ukraine namabutho e-DPR kanye ne-LPR;
- ukuhoxiswa kwezikhali ezinzima endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-30 ububanzi eduze komugqa wokulawula phakathi kukahulumeni namabutho ahlukanisayo;
– ukhetho ku-Donetsk (DPR) neLuhansk (LPR) People's Republics, oluzoqashwa yi-OSCE; futhi
- izinguquko zomthethosisekelo ukuze kunikezwe ukuzimela okukhulu ezindaweni eziphethwe abahlukanisile ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine ehlanganisiwe kodwa engayindawo emaphakathi encane.
Indawo yokuphela kwempi kanye ne-buffer zone ibambe kahle ngokwanele iminyaka eyisikhombisa ukuvimbela ukubuyela empini yombango egcwele, kodwa ukuhlela ukhetho e-Donbas izinhlangothi zombili ezizoyibona kube nzima kakhulu.
I-DPR ne-LPR zihlehlise ukhetho izikhathi eziningana phakathi kuka-2015 no-2018. Babambe ukhetho oluyisisekelo ngo-2016 futhi, ekugcineni, ukhetho lukazwelonke ngoNovemba 2018. Kodwa i-Ukraine, i-United States noma i-European Union ayiqaphelanga imiphumela, ithi ukhetho bekungelona. kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-Minsk Protocol.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ukraine ayenze izinguquko zomthethosisekelo okuvunyelwene ngazo ukuze inikeze ukuzimela okukhulu ezifundeni ezihlukene. Futhi abahlukanisi abavumelanga uhulumeni omkhulu ukuthi aphinde alawule umngcele wamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kweDonbas neRussia, njengoba kucacisiwe esivumelwaneni.
The Normandy IQembu Lokuxhumana (iFrance, iJalimane, iRussia, i-Ukraine) le-Minsk Protocol lihlangane ngezikhathi ezithile kusukela ngo-2014, futhi lihlangana njalo kuyo yonke le nkinga yamanje, umhlangano olandelayo kuhlelelwe uFebhuwari 10 eBerlin. Abaqaphi abangahlomile be-OSCE abangama-680 nabasebenzi abasekelayo abangama-621 e-Ukraine nabo baqhubekile nomsebenzi wabo kuyo yonke le nhlekelele. Yabo umbiko wamuva, ekhishwe ngoFebhuwari 1, yabhala i-65% ukwehla ekwephuleni ukumiswa kwezikhali uma kuqhathaniswa ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule.
Kepha ukwesekwa kwezempi kwase-US kanye nezamanxusa kusukela ngo-2019 kukhuthaze uMongameli Zelensky ukuthi ahoxe ezibophweni zase-Ukraine ngaphansi kwe-Minsk Protocol, futhi aphinde aqinisekise ubukhosi obungenamibandela base-Ukraine phezu kweCrimea neDonbas. Lokhu kukhuphule ukwesaba okukholakalayo kokukhula okusha kwempi yombango, futhi ukwesekwa kwe-US kwesimo sikaZelensky esinolaka kuye kwabukela phansi inqubo ekhona yezokuxhumana yaseMinsk-Normandy.
Isitatimende sakamuva sikaZelensky sokuthi "uvalo" ezinhloko-dolobha zaseNtshonalanga ibhidliza umnotho wase-Ukraine kuphakamisa ukuthi manje kungenzeka ukuthi usezazi kakhudlwana izingibe ezisendleleni yokungqubuzana eyengeziwe eyamukelwa nguhulumeni wakhe, ngesikhuthazo saseMelika.
Inkinga yamanje kufanele ibe ukuphaphama kubo bonke abathintekayo ukuthi inqubo ye-Minsk-Normandy isalokhu kuwuhlaka olusebenzayo lwesixazululo esinokuthula e-Ukraine. Idinga ukwesekwa okuphelele kwamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa namaLungu eCongress yase-US, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ezephuliwe izithembiso ekwandiseni i-NATO, indima yase-US ngo-2014 Ukukhishwa, futhi manje ukwethuka ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlasela kweRussia izikhulu zase-Ukraine ezithi kunjalo ngokwedlulele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba kuhlobene, ithimba lezokuxhumana, i-United States neRussia kumele zibhekane ngokushesha nokuwohloka kobudlelwano bamazwe amabili. Esikhundleni sobuqhawe kanye nokuphakama okukodwa, kufanele babuyisele futhi bakhele kokudlule ukulwa nokulwa izivumelwano abazilahlile ngobuqili, bafaka umhlaba wonke kuzo ingozi ekhona.
Ukubuyisela ukusekelwa kwe-US kwe-Minsk Protocol kanye ne-Normandy Format kungasiza futhi ukuqeda izinkinga zangaphakathi zase-Ukraine kakade ezivele zinameva neziyinkimbinkimbi kusukela enkingeni enkulu ye-geopolitical yokwanda kwe-NATO, okumele ixazululwe ngokuyinhloko yi-United States, i-Russia kanye ne-NATO.
I-United States ne-Russia akumele zisebenzise abantu base-Ukraine njengabaxhasi eMpini Yomshoshaphansi evuselelwe noma njengama-chips ezingxoxweni zabo zokwandisa i-NATO. Abantu base-Ukraine bazo zonke izinhlanga bafanelwe ukwesekwa kwangempela ukuze baxazulule ukungezwani kwabo futhi bathole indlela yokuhlala ndawonye ezweni elilodwa - noma ukuze bahlukane ngokuthula, njengoba abanye abantu bevunyelwe ukwenza kanjalo e-Ireland, e-Bangladesh, e-Slovakia nakuyo yonke indawo eyayiyi-USSR kanye ne-Yugoslavia.
In 2008, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyiNxusa laseMelika eMoscow (manje onguMqondisi weCIA) uWilliam Burns waxwayisa uhulumeni wakhe ngokuthi ukulengisa ithemba lobulungu be-NATO e-Ukraine kungaholela ezimpini zombango futhi kulethe iRussia inkinga emngceleni wayo lapho ingaphoqeleka ukuba ingenele.
Encwadini eshicilelwe ngabakwaWikiLeaks, uBurns ubhale wathi, “Ochwepheshe basitshela ukuthi iRussia ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi ukuhlukana okuqinile e-Ukraine ngobulungu be-NATO, iningi lomphakathi waseRussia ophikisana nobulungu, kungaholela ekuhlukaneni okukhulu, okubandakanya udlame noma okubi kakhulu, impi yombango. Ngaleso sikhathi, iRussia kwakuzodingeka inqume ukuthi izongenela yini; isinqumo iRussia engafuni ukubhekana nayo.”
Kusukela exwayisa uBurns ngo-2008, abaphathi abalandelanayo baseMelika bangene shi enkingeni ayibikezela. Amalungu eCongress, ikakhulukazi amalungu e-Congressional Progressive Caucus, angadlala indima ehamba phambili ekubuyiseleni ingqondo kunqubomgomo yase-US e-Ukraine ngokugqugquzela ukumiswa kobulungu be-Ukraine ku-NATO kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-Minsk Protocol, abaphathi bakaTrump kanye ne-Biden abanayo ngokuzikhukhumeza. wazama ukukhuphula nokuphakamisa izikhali ngokuthunyelwa kwezikhali, ukugxeka kanye nokwethuka.
Ukuqapha kwe-OSCE imibiko e-Ukraine zonke zihamba nomyalezo obucayi othi: “Amaqiniso Abalulekile.” Amalungu eCongress kufanele amukele leso simiso esilula futhi azifundise mayelana nediplomacy yaseMinsk-Normandy. Le nqubo igcine ukuthula okulinganiselwe e-Ukraine kusukela ngowezi-2015, futhi isewuhlaka olugunyazwe yi-UN, okuvunyelenwe ngalo emhlabeni jikelele lwesinqumo esihlala njalo.
Uma uhulumeni wase-US efuna ukudlala indima eyakhayo e-Ukraine, kufanele asekele ngeqiniso lolu hlaka oluvele lukhona lwesixazululo kule nkinga, futhi aqede ukungenelela okunzima kwe-US okuye kwabukela phansi futhi kwabambezela ukuqaliswa kwalo. Futhi izikhulu zethu ezikhethiwe kufanele ziqale ukulalela abavoti bazo, abangenaso nhlobo isithakazelo sokulwa neRussia.
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi ezandleni Zethu: I-American Invasion kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
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