"Ukucindezela Okuphezulu KweMashi": Impi Yezempi Yase-US eVenezuela Heats UP

Ngu Leonon Flores, Mashi 16, 2020

Ikota yokuqala ka-2020 ibone ukuphathwa kukaTrump kukhuphuka kokuphikisana kwayo neVenezuela. EMbusweni Wenyunyana, uMongameli uTrump wathembisa "ukushaya" futhi uchithe uhulumeni waseVenezuela. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuvuselelwa usongo lwe-blockade yasolwandle ezweni, okuyisenzo sempi ngaphansi komthetho wase-US kanye nowezizwe. Ngemuva kwalokho uMnyango Wezwe waphawula ngentshiseko ukuthi "IMonroe Doctrine 2.0"Kuzophela amandla emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezizayo," ngenkathi kumenyezelwa "umfutho omkhulu ngoMashi" ngokumelene neVenezuela.

Lokhu akuyona nje izinsongo nje; i-rhetoric ixhaswe izinqubomgomo nezenzo. Inkampani yamafutha aseRussia iRosneft, ongomunye wabathengi abahamba phambili emhlabeni ngo-oyela waseVenezuela, ibone izinkampani zayo ezimbili ezixhaswe ngaphansi kwenyanga ngokwenza ibhizinisi neVenezuela. UMnyango Wezwe uthulise lokhu kuthutha ngoFebhuwari, icula izinkampani zikawoyela iRosneft, iReliance (India) neRepsol (Spain). I-DRM, okuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke kawoyela yase-US esasebenza eVenezuela, ixwayiswe ngabaphathi bakaTrump ukuthi ilayisense yayo yokusebenza kuleliya lizwe (abayikhiphi uma kunikezwa unswinyo) ngeke ivuselelwe.

Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2015, uhulumeni wase-US weneme Amathangi kawoyela angama-49, izinkampani eziyi-18 zaseVenezuelan, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezingama-60 nezindiza ezingama-56 (ezingama-41 ezenziwa inkampani yezindiza yaseConviasa nezingu-15 ezingezenkampani kawoyela kahulumeni iPDVSA), kodwa okokuqala ngqa lokhu ngemuva kwezinkampani zikawoyela zakwamanye amazwe. Ngokubhekisisa iRosneft Trading neTNK Trading (izinkampani ezimbili zeRosneft), i-United States ikwenza kungabi bikho ukuthi lezo zinkampani ziqhubeke nokuthengisa uwoyela eVenezuela, ngoba izinkampani zokuhambisa, izinkampani zemishwalense kanye namabhange azokwenqaba ukusebenzisana nazo.

Ukuthathwa kwezidakamizwa sekuthathe umthwalo onzima, kudale nomonakalo ongabiza imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-130 emnothweni phakathi kwe-2015 ne-2018. Okubi kakhulu, ngokusho kwalowo owayengumdlwenguli okhethekile we-UN u-Alfred de Zayas, the unswinyo ubhekene necala lokufa kwabantu baseVenezuela abangaphezu kwe-100,000. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi iVenezuela yacela ukuthi i-International Criminal Court iphenye unswinyo njengecala lokulwa nobuntu.

Imiphumela yezithikamezo ibonakala kakhulu emkhakheni wezempilo waseVenezuela, onqunyelwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Lezi zinyathelo zivimbele amabhange ekuqhubekeni nokuthenga kwezezimali ukuthengwa kwezinto zokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudale ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-90 imali etholwa imali yakwamanye amazwe eVenezuela, okwenza ukuthi isigaba sezempilo sitshale kakhulu imali. Ukube bekungengenxa yobumbano lwe China futhi Cuba, ethumele izinsiza zokuhlola kanye nomuthi, iVenezuela yayingahlonyelwa kabuhlungu ukuphatha i-coronavirus. Ukushiswa kwezidakamizwa kwandisa isimo esivele siyingozi, nokuphoqa iVenezuela ukuba sebenzisa imali ephindwe kathathu ukuthola ama-kits wokuhlola njengamazwe angakhanyisiwe.

UMongameli Maduro unxuse ngokuqondile kuTrump ukuthi anyuse unswinyo ukulwa nalolu bhubhane lomhlaba. Kodwa-ke lesi sikhalazo kungenzeka ukuthi singaphendulwa, uma sinikezwe ukuqina hhayi nje ekujezisweni, kepha ezenzweni zabaphikisi abanobudlova zempi engahambisani. NgoMashi 7, indawo yokugcina izinto equkethe cishe yonke imishini yokuvota yaseVenezuela yayi yashiswa phansi ngamabomu. Iqembu eliqanjwe ngeVenezuelan Patriotic Front, okusolwa ukuthi lahlanganiswa amasosha namaphoyisa, wafuna icala ngalesi senzo sobushokobezi. Noma kungekho ukuxhumana okuqondile okungenzeka (okwamanje) okungenziwa phakathi kwaleli qembu nabaphathi bakaTrump, kunxenxa inkolelo yokuthi umsebenzi odinga izindleko ezibalulekile zokuphatha nezimali ubungeke uthole ukwesekelwa okungenani koyedwa wabalingisi abaningi ababandakanyeka obala ekushintsheni kombuso: iTrump ukuphatha, ukuphathwa kweDuque eColombia, ukuphathwa kweBolsonaro eBrazil noma amaqembu aphikisayo aqonde phezulu ahola uJuan Guaidó.

Ukuthula okuvela emphakathini wezizwe ngalesi senzo sabashokobezi kuyisithulu, kepha akufanele kusimangaze. Ngemuva kwakho konke, azikho izilahla ezivela ku-OAS, EU noma US lapho a igumbi elinemishini yokuxhumana ngocingo nalo lashiswa ngokufanayo ngoFebhuwari, noma nini amasosha amavukela-mbuso ahlasela amatilongo eningizimu yeVenezuela ngoDisemba ka-2019.

Sekuvele ubufakazi bokuthi ama-paramilitaries aseVenezuela aphikisana nohulumeni waseMaduro athole ukwesekwa nokuqeqeshwa kubona bobabili Colombia futhi Brazil, ingasaphathwa eye- kusolwa izigidi zama-dollar asetshenziswa yi-USukuthola izikhulu zamasosha aseVenezuela ukuthi ziphendukele kuhulumeni. Ngaphezu kokuxhasa ukulwa okungajwayelekile, ukuphathwa kukaTrump kulungiselela impi ejwayelekile. The usongo of a naval blockade - isenzo sempi eqondile - kwalandelwa imihlangano ehlukene phakathi kukaTrump, Unobhala Wezokuvikela uMark Esper kanye nezikhulu zezempi ezisezingeni eliphezulu UMongameli waseColombia, u-Ivan Duque futhi UMongameli waseBrazil uJair Bolsonaro. (Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngenkathi ngihlangana nethimba laseBrazil ukudingida ukubhujiswa kukahulumeni waseMaduro, Kungenzeka ukuthi uTrump wadalulwa yi-coronavirus. Elinye lamalungu aleli thimba, unobhala wezokuxhumana weBolsonaro, lihlolwe ukuthi unalesi sifo.) Ngaphezu kwe-naval blockade, i-US ihlela "ubukhona obuthuthukisiwe bemikhumbi, izindiza kanye namabutho ezokuphepha… ukulwa nezinsongo ezahlukahlukene zokubandakanya ubuphekula obungemthetho, "Ukubhekelwa okusobala kweVenezuela yize kunezibalo zikahulumeni wase-US uqobo hhayi izwe lokuhamba ngokuyinhloko lokushushumbisa izidakamizwa.

I- "Maximum Press Mashi" yenzelwe ukuhambisana izingxoxo ezibalulekile eCaracas phakathi kukahulumeni waseVenezuela kanye nemikhakha elinganiselayo yabaphikisi. Lezi zinhlangothi zombili zisungule ikhomishini ezokhetha amalungu amasha oMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokhetho ngesikhathi sokhetho lwalo mthetho lwalo nyaka. Omunye wabaphikisi bakaJuan Guaidó, uHenry Ramos Allup, umholi weqembu eliphikisayo i-Acción Democrática (iDemocratic Action), ungene ngaphansi kwelungelo eleqile lokuthi athi uzobamba iqhaza okhethweni. Ukuhlaselwa kwabashokobezi emishinini yokuvota akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuthinte isikhathi sokhetho, kodwa ngaphandle kohlelo lwabo lokuvota okuxhaswa nge-elekthronikhi ngokuxhaswa kwamarisidi amaphepha kanye nokuhlolwa kwamanani okubalwa kwamavoti, imiphumela izoba sengozini yezicelo zokukhwabanisa.

Lesi akusikho okokuqala ukuthi abaphathi bakaTrump bakhulise imizamo yabo yokuguqula umbuso baphendule ezingxoxweni phakathi kukahulumeni waseVenezuela nabaphikisi. Lokhu bakwenze ngoFebhuwari 2018, lapho uNobhala-Jikelele Wezwe, uRex Tillerson, esabisa ngokufakwa emafutheni kawoyela futhi wathi uzokwamukela ilungelo lokubuthwa ngamasosha njengoba izinhlangothi zombili sezizosayina isivumelwano esibanzi esisetshenziswe izinyanga eDominican Republic. Kwenzeka futhi ngo-Agasti 2019, lapho i-US isebenzisa lokho i-Wall Street Journal efanekisela khona ngokuthi “ingqikithi yezomnotho eziphelele”Phakathi kwezingxoxo phakathi kwabaphikisi abaholwa nguGuaidó nohulumeni. Zombili lezi zikhathi, izingxoxo zehla ngenxa yezenzo nezitatimende zikahulumeni wase-US. Okwamanje mancane amathuba okuthi ingcindezi izokwenyusa izingxoxo, njengoba osopolitiki abaphikisayo abalinganiselayo bezokwamukela iqiniso lokuthi Ama-82% abantu baseVenezuela anqaba unswinyo kanye nengxoxo yokusekelwa. Ngeshwa, ukuphathwa kukaTrump kukwenze kwacaca ukuthi ayinandaba nokuthi iVenezuelani ifunani. Esikhundleni salokho, iyaqhubeka nokuqinisa ingcindezi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibeka indawo yokungenela kwamasosha, mhlawumbe ukumangala kuka-Okthoba ukusiza ukubuyiselwa kwemali kukaTrump.

U-Leonardo Flores yisazi senqubomgomo yaseLatin America kanye nomkhankasi nge-CODEPINK.