Umbiko WaseMaryland Ulahlekisa Umphakathi Ekungcolisweni Kwe-PFAS Ku-Oysters

NguLeila Marcovici noPat Elder, Novemba 16, 2020

Kusukela Izibopho Zempi

NgoSepthemba 2020, uMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland (MDE) wakhipha umbiko onesihloko esithi “St. UMary's River Pilot Study of PFAS Events in Surface Water kanye nama-Oysters. ” (Isifundo Sokulinga I-PFAS) ehlaziye amazinga e-per-and poly fluoroalkyl izinto (PFAS) emanzini olwandle kanye nama-oysters. Ngokuqondile, iPFAS Pilot Study yaphetha ngokuthi yize iPFAS ikhona emanzini olwandle iSt. Mary's River, izingqinamba “zingaphansi kakhulu kwezinqubo zokuhlola ezokungcebeleka ezisuselwa engcupheni kanye nenqubo yokuhlonza indawo oyster.”

Ngenkathi lo mbiko wenza lezi ziphetho ezibanzi, izindlela zokuhlaziya kanye nesisekelo sezinqubo zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa yi-MDE ziyangabazeka, okuholela ekudukiseni umphakathi, futhi kunikeze umqondo wokuphepha okhohlisayo nowamanga.

I-PFAS ingumndeni wamakhemikhali anobuthi futhi aqhubekayo atholakala kwimikhiqizo yezimboni. Ziyakhathaza ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Lawa okuthiwa “amakhemikhali angunaphakade” anobuthi, awonakalisi emvelweni, futhi aqoqana ku-chain chain. Elinye lamakhemikhali angaphezu kwe-6,000 PFAS yiPFOA, ebikade isetshenziselwa ukwenza iDuPont's Teflon, ne-PFOS, eyayikade ikwi-3M's Scotchgard kanye negwebu lokucisha umlilo. I-PFOA iqediwe e-US, yize ihlala isabalele emanzini okuphuza. Baye baxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, isifo se-thyroid, ukuzivikela kwengane buthaka nezinye izinkinga zempilo. I-PFAS ihlaziywa ngazinye ezingxenyeni ze-trillion ngayinye hhayi ezingxenyeni eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane, njengamanye ubuthi, okungenza ukutholwa kwalezi zinhlanganisela kube yinkohliso.
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Isiphetho se-MDE sifinyelela ekutholeni okufanelekile ngokususelwa kwimininingwane yangempela eqoqiwe futhi isilela kumazinga ezamukelekayo ezesayensi nezimboni ezingxenyeni ezithile.

Isampula le-Oyster

Ucwaningo olulodwa lwenziwa futhi lwabikwa kuPFAS Pilot Study lwahlolwa futhi lwabikwa ngobukhona be-PFAS kwizicubu ze-oyster. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory yaseMansfield, eMassachusetts.
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Izivivinyo ezenziwa yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory zazinomkhawulo wokuthola ama-oysters ku-microgram eyodwa ngekhilogremu elilodwa (1 /g / kg) elingana nengxenye eyodwa esigidini ngasinye, noma izingxenye eziyinkulungwane isigidigidi ngasinye. (ppt.) Ngenxa yalokho, njengoba kutholakala inhlanganisela ngayinye ye-PFAS ngawodwana, indlela yokuhlaziya esetshenzisiwe yehlulekile ukuthola noma iyiphi i-PFAS ekhona engaphansi kwezingxenye ze-1 nge-trillion ngayinye. Ukuba khona kwe-PFAS kuyengeza; ngakho-ke amanani ekhompiyutha ngayinye afakwa ngokufanelekile ukuthola inani eliphelele le-PFAS elikhona kusampula.

Izindlela zokuhlaziya ukuthola amakhemikhali e-PFAS zithuthuka ngokushesha. I-Environmental Working Group (i-EWG) yathatha amasampula wamanzi ompompi ezindaweni ezingama-44 ezifundazweni ezingama-31 ngonyaka owedlule yabika imiphumela ngeshumi lesigidigidi ngasinye. Isibonelo, amanzi eNew Brunswick, NC aqukethe i-185.9 ppt ye-PFAS.

Abasebenzi Bomphakathi Bokuzibophezela Kwezemvelo, (PEER) (imininingwane eboniswe ngezansi) basebenzise izindlela zokuhlaziya ezikwazi ukuthola ububanzi be-PFAS ekugxileni okungaphansi kwe-200 - 600 ppt, kanti i-Eurofins isungule izindlela zokuhlaziya ezinomkhawulo wokuthola we-0.18 ng / g I-PFAS (i-180 ppt) ku-crab nenhlanzi ne-0.20 ng / g PFAS (200 ppt) ku-oyster. (Ama-Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Env, LLC, Umbiko we-Analytical, we-PEER, Iphrojekthi Yamakhasimende / Indawo: St Mary's 10/29/2020)
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Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele azibuze ukuthi kungani i-MDE iqashe i-Alpha Analytical ukuphatha ucwaningo lwe-PFAS uma imikhawulo yokuthola izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe ibiphezulu kangaka.
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Ngoba imikhawulo yokutholwa kwezivivinyo ezenziwe yi-Alpha Analytical iphezulu kakhulu, imiphumela ye-PFAS ngayinye kumasampula we-oyster yayiyi- "Non-Detect" (ND). Okungenani i-14 PFAS yahlolwa kusampula ngayinye yezicubu ze-oyster, futhi umphumela walowo nalowo wabikwa njenge-ND. Amanye amasampula ahlolwe ama-PFAS ahlukene angama-36, wonke abika i-ND. Kodwa-ke, i-ND ayisho ukuthi ayikho i-PFAS kanye / noma ukuthi abukho ubungozi bezempilo. I-MDE bese ibika ukuthi isamba se-14 noma i-36 ND singama-0.00. Lokhu ukumelelwa kabi kweqiniso. Ngoba ukugxila kwe-PFAS kuyengeza njengoba kuhlobene nempilo yomphakathi, kusobala ukuthi ukungezwa kokugxila kwe-14 ngaphansi nje komkhawulo wokuthola kungalingana nenani elingaphezu kwezinga eliphephile. Ngokunjalo, isitatimende sokulala esithi akukho bungozi empilweni yomphakathi ngokususelwa ekutholeni kwe- "non-detect" lapho ukutholakala kwe-PFAS emanzini kwaziwa ngokungenakuphikwa, kumane nje akuphelele noma akwenziwanga.

NgoSepthemba, i-2020 Eurofins - ethunywe yiSt. Mary's River Watershed Association futhi esekelwa ngokwezimali ngu KUHLOLWA NGontanga oysters abavela eMfuleni iSt. Mary naseSt. Inigoes Creek. Ama-oyster asemfuleni iSt. Mary's, athathwe ngqo eChurch Point, naseSt. Inigoes Creek, athathwe eKelley, atholakala ukuthi aqukethe izingxenye ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane kwisigidigidi (ppt). I-Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) ne-Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) zitholakele kuma-oyster we-Kelley, kuyilapho i-1,000: 6 i-Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (2: 6 FTSA) itholwe ku-oyster yeChurch Point. Ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-PFAS, inani eliqondile le-PFAS ngayinye kwakunzima ukubalwa kepha uhla ngalunye lwalubalwa ngokulandelayo:

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-MDE ayizange ivivinye amasampuli ama-oyster ngokungaguquki ngeqoqo elifanayo le-PFAS. I-MDE ihlolwe izicubu ze-oyster notshwala kusuka kumasampuli ayi-10. Amathebula 7 no-8 ePFAS Pilot Study akhombisa ukuthi amasampula ayi-6 ayekhona hhayi ihlaziyelwe i-PFBA, i-PRPeA, noma i-6: 2 i-FTSA (inhlanganisela efanayo ne-1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (6: 2FTS)), ngenkathi amasampula amane evivinywa ngalezi zinhlanganisela ezintathu ezibuyisa imiphumela ye- “Non Detect . ” I-PFAS Pilot Study ayinayo nencazelo yokuthi kungani amanye amasampula ama-oyster ahlolwe lawa ma-PFAS kanti amanye amasampula abengekho. I-MDE ibika ukuthi i-PFAS itholwe ezindaweni eziphansi kuyo yonke indawo yokufunda futhi izingqinamba kubikwe ngazo noma eduze kwemikhawulo yokuthola indlela. Ngokusobala, imikhawulo yokuthola yezindlela ezisetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwe-Alpha Analytical yayiphezulu kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi iPerfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) itholakale phakathi kwezingxenye ezingama-200 nezingama-600 isigidi ngasinye kuma-oysters esifundweni se-PEER, ngenkathi ingatholakali ocwaningweni lwe-Alpha Analytical .

Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi

Isifundo sePFAS Pilot Study sibuye sabika ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobuso bamanzi bePFAS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhamuzi esikhathazekile futhi esingumbhali wale ndatshana, uPat Elder waseSt. Inigoes Creek, usebenze ne-University of Michigan's Biological Station ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamanzi emanzini afanayo ngoFebhuwari, 2020. Ishadi elilandelayo likhombisa amazinga we-14 PFAS ama-analyties kumasampula wamanzi njengoba kubikwe yi-UM ne-MDE.

Umlomo weSt. Inigoes Creek Kennedy Bar - North Shore

ND - Akukho Ukutholwa
<2 - Ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuthola

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-UM kuthole inani le-1,894.3 ppt emanzini, ngenkathi amasampula we-MDE efinyelela ku-4.33 ppt, yize kukhonjisiwe ngenhla iningi lama-analyt atholakala yi-MDE ukuthi abe yi-ND. Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela ye-UM ikhombise i-1,544.4 ppt ye-PFOS ngenkathi izivivinyo ze-MDE zibika "Akukho Ukutholwa." Amakhemikhali ayishumi e-PFAS atholwe yi-UM abuya ngokuthi "Akukho Ukutholwa" noma awazange ahlaziywe yi-MDE. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuqondisa umuntu embuzweni osobala wokuthi "kungani;" kungani ilabhorethri eyodwa ingakwazi ukuthola i-PFAS emanzini ngenkathi enye ikwazi ukwenza kanjalo? Lona ngomunye wemibuzo eminingi ephakanyiswe yimiphumela ye-MDE.I-PFAS Pilot Study ithi ithuthukise "izindlela ezisuselwa engcupheni yokuhlolwa kwamanzi nezicubu ze-oyster" zezinhlobo ezimbili zePFAS - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) nePerfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) ). Iziphetho ze-MDE zisuselwa kwisibalo samakhemikhali amabili nje kuphela - i-PFOA + PFOS.

Futhi, lo mbiko awunayo nencazelo yokuthi kungani lezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili kuphela ezakhethwa emigomweni yayo yokuhlola, kanye nencazelo yegama elithi “izindlela ezisuselwa engcupheni zamanzi kanye nezicubu zokuhlola izicubu. "

Ngakho-ke, umphakathi ushiywe ngomunye umbuzo ogqamile: kungani i-MDE ivimbela isiphetho sayo kulezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili kuphela lapho iningi selitholakele, futhi abaningi abaningi bayakwazi ukutholwa lapho besebenzisa indlela enomkhawulo omncane wokuthola?

Kunezikhala ezindleleni ezisetshenziswa yi-MDE ekunikezeni iziphetho zayo, kanye nokungahambisani nokuntuleka kwencazelo yokuthi kungani izinhlanganisela ze-PFAS ezahlukahlukene zihlolwa phakathi kwamasampula nakuzo zonke izivivinyo. Umbiko awuchazi ukuthi kungani amasampula athile lapho engahlaziyelwa amakhemikhali amaningi noma ambalwa kunamanye amasampula.

I-MDE iyaphetha, “ukulinganiselwa kobungozi bokuzichayeka emanzini okuphezulu kwaba ngaphansi kakhulu Izindlela zokuhlolwa zokusebenzisa amanzi ezisetshenziselwa indawo yokuzijabulisa ye-MDE, ”Kepha ayinikezi ncazelo ecacile yalokho okushiwo yilezi zindlela zokuhlola. Lokhu akuchazwa ngakho-ke akunakuhlolwa. Uma kuyindlela eyanele esuselwe kusayensi, indlela kufanele yethulwe futhi ichazwe icaphuna isisekelo sesayensi. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okwanele, kufaka phakathi indlela echaziwe nechaziwe, nokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezikwazi ukuhlola ukugxila emazingeni aphansi adingekayo ekuhlaziyweni okunjalo, iziphetho okuthiwa zinikeza ukuholwa okuncane okungathenjwa ngumphakathi.

ULeila Kaplus Marcovici, Esq. ungummeli osebenzayo welungelo lobunikazi kanye namavolontiya eSierra Club, eNew Jersey Isahluko. UPat Elder uyisishoshovu sezemvelo eSt. Mary's City, MD kanye namavolontiya anethimba leSizwe leSox Club