NguPat Old, ngo-Okthoba 27, 2020
Kusukela Izibopho Zempi
Amasosha afaka ubuthi emanzini nasezinhlanzini zasolwandle zaseMaryland. Ake sihlole amanzi kulezi zindawo ukubona ukuthi kubi kangakanani.
Ngenyanga edlule uMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland ukhiphe umbiko leso asitholanga sizathu sokwesaba maqondana nokuba khona kwe-PFAS eMfuleni iSt.
Amakhemikhali, i-per - ne-poly fluoroalkyl izinto, zixhunyaniswe nomdlavuza nokungajwayelekile kwengane.
I-St Mary's River Pilot Study ye-PFAS Occurrence e-Surface Water kanye ne-Oysters iphethe ngokuthi yize i-PFAS ikhona emanzini asemfuleni iSt. Mary's River, izingqinamba “zingaphansi kakhulu kwezindlela zokuhlola ezokusetshenziswa kwezingcuphe kanye nokuhlolwa kwendawo ethile yokusetshenziswa kwe-oyster imibandela. ”
Kuzwakala kuqinisa idolo.
Ngokudabukisayo, lesi sitatimende sifinyelela esiphethweni esikhishwe kulo mbiko ebesuselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-PFOA ne-PFAS kuphela. Umbiko uqukethe imininingwane engaphelele nokuhlolwa okungaphelele kwayo yonke i-PFAS. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imikhawulo yokuthola yalolu cwaningo isethwe ku-1 ug / kg. Leyo yi-microgram eyodwa ngekhilogremu futhi lokhu kuyinkohliso!
I-1 ug / kg iyefana nengxenye eyodwa kwisigidigidi futhi lokho kusho ukuthi izingxenye eziyi-1 1,000 kusigidigidi ngasinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izwe laseMaryland lisho ukuthi kulungile ukudla ama-oysters uma aqukethe izingxenye ezifika ku-1,000 1,000 trillion ngoba abaze bazihluphe ngokuhlola emazingeni angaphansi kwe-XNUMX ppt.
Ngenyanga edlule, ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwama-oyster eMfuleni iSt. Mary naseSt.Inigoes Creek kwenziwa egameni leSt. Mary's River Watershed Association futhi kwasekelwa ngokwezimali Abasebenzi Bomphakathi Bokubophezeleka Kwezemvelo, UNTANGA.
Ama-oysters asemfuleni iSt. Mary's naseSt. Inigoes Creek atholakala ukuthi aqukethe izingxenye ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane zamathani amakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu. Ama-oysters ahlaziywa ngabakwa-Eurofins, umholi womhlaba ekuhlolweni kwePFAS.
IHarvard School of Health Public kanye nezikhungo zesayensi ezihola phambili emhlabeni wonke zisitshela ukuthi singadli ngaphezu kwe-1 ppt yalezi zinto nsuku zonke. Lawa makhemikhali asesigabeni sawo uqobo. Zihlaziywa ezingxenyeni ngesigidigidi ngasinye hhayi ezingxenyeni eziyizigidigidi njengamanye ama-carcinogens.
Izifundazwe eziningi zenze imithethonqubo ekhawulela amazinga e-PFAS emanzini okuphuza abe yi-20 ppt. Oyster oyifriji othosiwe kamnandi waseSt Mary's River ucwiliswe eziqongweni ze-tartar sauce ezikhathini ezingama-50 - futhi kulungile kubantu baseMaryland abaphethe ukuvikela impilo yethu. Zonke izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezisemanzini kungenzeka zingcoliswe. Abesifazane baseMaryland abangakhulelwa akufanele badle ukudla kwasolwandle kwasendaweni.
Ukuhlola Amanzi
Kumele sihlole amanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle eduze kwemigwaqo yezindiza futhi sishise imigodi ekufakweni kwamasosha eshedeni lamanzi laseChesapeake. Asikwazi ukwethemba amasosha futhi asingethemba ukuthi umbuso uzothembeka.
Amanzi angaphezulu namanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqhamuka ezikhungweni zamasosha aqukethe amazinga aphakeme kakhulu wezinto ezinobuthi ze- per- and poly fluoroalkyl, (PFAS) emhlabeni. Izinto ziyaqoqana ezinhlanzini, imvamisa ezikhathini eziyizinkulungwane eziningana amazinga asemanzini.
Izinkulungwane zemifula nemifula ezweni lonke eliseduze nezisekelo zamasosha zithwala amazinga aphezulu anobuthi. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zitholakale zinezingxenye ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngethriliyoni eduze nezisekelo zamasosha kanti ezinye zinezingxenye ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 ngesigidigidi ngasinye. Ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle emanzini angcolile kuyindlela eyinhloko iPFAS engena ngayo emzimbeni wethu. Amanzi okuphuza angcolile isekhondi elikude.
Izindawo eziyisikhombisa zamanzi angaphezulu ngaphezulu: i-Aberdeen, i-Fort Meade, i-Naval Academy, i-Chesapeake Beach, i-JB Andrews, i-Indian Head, ne-Pax River bakhethwa ngenxa yokuthi babesondelene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa okubhalwe phansi kwamagundane alwa nomlilo we-PFAS. Konke kuhlolwe futhi isampula lamanzi ageleza evela ezisekelweni ayatholakala emphakathini.
Izwe laseMaryland lisengozini enkulu ngenxa yenani eliphakeme lokufakwa kwamasosha endaweni yasemanzini ehlangene yaseMaryland Chesapeake. UMnyango Wezemvelo eMaryland usemuva kwezifundazwe eziningi ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokuvikela umphakathi kulesi sihlava.
Kukhona okungenani ukufakwa kwamasosha okusebenzayo kanye / noma okuvaliwe okungu-94 esifundazweni. (Bheka ispredishithi esivelele: ”Izisekelo Zezempi ZaseMaryland”. I-23 yalezi zingosi iqinisekisile noma "isolwa" ukusetshenziswa kwe-PFAS yi-DOD. Kukuhulumeni ukuthi uvikele izakhamuzi zawo nge-EPA eceleni. Isinyathelo sokuqala sibandakanya ukwethula umbuso wokuhlola onolaka ukuze uhlole amazinga ala "makhemikhali angunaphakade" kulokhu kufakwa kwamasosha, ikakhulukazi lawo amasosha avuma ukuthi lezi zinto zisetshenzisiwe.
Naba abashayi abasindayo:
Aberdeen Ukubonisa Ground
Kusuka Embikweni Wezempi Ka-2017 e-Aberdeen:
“Kunobungozi esizeni esivela enhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ubungozi bomhlabathi empilweni yomuntu buchazwe ngokuyinhloko yizindawo ezishisayo zomthofu endaweni yangaphambili yokuqeqesha umlilo; ezinye zezindawo ezishisayo zijule ngamamitha ayi-14 (noma eduze kwetafula lamanzi). Kunezinye izingozi ezingaba khona empilweni yabantu nasemvelweni eBurn Residue Disposal Area (BRDA). ”
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Army ayishicilelanga lutho ngokusetshenziswa kwe-PFAS e-Aberdeen. Uma amazinga okungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali amaningi anobuthi alahlwe ngokunganaki ethekwini e-Aberdeen kuyinkomba ethile, isisekelo, esiseduze nomthombo wamanzi echibini elikhulu laseChesapeake, sikhipha amanani angcolile ePFAS.
UFort George G. Meade
Inkinga enkulu emfuleni iLittle Patuxent - I-Red X isho indawo yokuqeqesha umlilo eFort Meade. Itholakala cishe isigamu semayela ukusuka emfuleni. Imithombo yokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba lapho i-AFFF ibisetshenziswa khona njalo ibonisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcoliswe yi-87,000 ppt. I-PFAS kukholakala ukuthi ingena emfuleni iLittle Patuxent.
I-Annapolis - I-US Naval Academy
I-Navy ithi ihlola i-PFAS emthonjeni omkhulu weNaval Station Lagoon. Asinayo imiphumela futhi asiqiniseki ukuthi sizoyethemba uma sinayo, kubhekwa irekhodi lomkhondo weNavy. Ukubheja kwethu okuhle ngokuzimela ukuqoqa isampula lamanzi eMfuleni iSevern yiNavy Station Lagoon Primary Spillway Discharge Outfall.
Emithonjeni engama-54 kwengama-68 evivinywa amasosha e-Annapolis, ukutholakala kwe-PFAS kwatholakala ukuthi kweqa i-70 ppt kanti eminye yaqoshwa kuma-70,000 ppt. Ukungcoliswa okubi kakhulu kutholakale eBay Head Park, eduzane naseChildren's Theatre yase-Annapolis. Le ndawo kwake kwaba yisikhungo sokuhlola isikhali seNavy. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba atholakale ku-70,000 ppt lapha. Amanzi angaphezulu angena eChesapeake Bay.
Bona I-Arundel Patriot, elinye lamaphephandaba ombuso amakhulu azimele.
I-Joint Base Andrews
I-Air Force ishicilele imiphumela yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ekhombisa ukungcola kwe-PFAS e-40,200 ppt. Ukuqashwa komfula eduze kocingo lwesisekelo kukhombise izindawo ezimbozwe amagwebu amhlophe ngo-Agasti, 2020. Umfula uthululela ePotomac ePulazini Likazwelonke LamaKoloni ePiscataway Park.
Isikhungo Sempi SaseNavy Surface - Inhloko YaseNdiya
INhloko yaseNdiya ingaba ngesinye seziqeshana ezingcoliswe kakhulu zezindlu ezweni. Isiza 71 sasetshenziswa njengomgodi wokusha ngenhloso yokuqeqeshelwa umlilo. I-Indian Head ibhale lokhu njengendawo "yokukhathazeka" yokusetshenziswa kwe-AFFF equkethe i-PFAS. Abakawadaluli amazinga wokungcola kwePFAS. Izindawo ezigudle iMattawoman Creek ngaseningizimu kwesinye isikhathi ziqoqa amagwebu ngasogwini. Amanzi asemfudlaneni nasemfuleni kufanele ahlolwe.
I-Chesapeake Beach Naval Research Laboratory
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eduze komgodi womlilo ngaphakathi kwendawo ephuzi abonise i-241,000 ppt ye-PFOS. Isiza besilokhu sisetshenziswa njalo yiNavy kusukela ngo-1968. Izakhamizi ezizimele kuKaren Drive, ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1,200 XNUMX, zinemithombo yokuphuza engakaze ihlolwe ubuthi. Amasampula wamanzi angaphezulu kufanele athathwe ethekwini nemifudlana egeleza isuke ezansi.
Isiteshi Somoya Somfula iPatuxent
Yize iNavy ikhiphe imininingwane ekhombisa i-1,137.8 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ekhoneni eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesisekelo, ayizange iveze amazinga aphakeme kakhulu obuthi obukholakala ukuthi busemanzini angaphansi komhlaba eduze komgodi oshisayo eHog Point noma eduze kwama-hangar amaningi lapho izinhlelo zokucindezela phezulu ezifakwe amagwebu bezivivinywa njalo futhi zivame ukungasebenzi kahle.
UMbutho Wezempi wenqabile ukuhlola imithombo yomphakathi wase-Afrika ikakhulukazi wase-Hermanville eduze kwempambana mgwaqo we-MD RT 235 ne-Hermanville Rd. UMnyango wezeMpilo eMaryland nawo wenqabile ukuhlola imithombo yangasese engaphandle kwesisekelo esho ukuthi bayasethemba isinqumo seNavy kulezi zindaba.
