NguRichard Tucker, World Beyond War
Khuluma Ayikho inkomfa ye-War 2017, Ngo-September 23, i-2017
Kuhle, bahlobo,
Akukho okufana nalokhu kuguqulwa okwenzekile ngaphambili. Ngibonga kakhulu abahleli, futhi ngigxile kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwezikhulumi nabahleli abasebenzisana kuleli sonto nangaphezulu.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kokusebenza kwezempi kanye ne-biosphere yethu egxilile kuningi futhi kuningi, kepha ngokuvamile akuqondwa. Ngakho kunomsebenzi okufanele senze ezindaweni eziningi. Enye iyisimiso semfundo. Ngingumlando-mlando wezemvelo ngokuhweba. Njengomcwaningi nomfundisi, ngisebenze iminyaka engamashumi amabili ngombono wezempi wokunciphisa kwemvelo ngomlando - hhayi nje ngesikhathi sokulwa, kepha ngesikhathi sokuthula. Njengoba uGar Smith eqokomile, kuyindaba endala, njengemidala ehlelekile.
Kepha ohlelweni lwethu lwezemfundo ukuxhumana okuhlangothini oluningi phakathi kwempi nezindleko zayo zemvelo akubonakali kunoma yiliphi izinga. Izazi-mlando zezemvelo azikunakile kangako lokhu kuxhumana kuze kube yilapho inethiwekhi yethu yempi / yezemvelo yavela engaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi edlule. Iningi lethu belingafuni ukutadisha umlando wezempi. Izazi-mlando zamasosha bezilokhu zinake umhlaba wemvelo - njengezilungiselelo nabasunguli bengxabano enkulu - kepha umsebenzi wabo awukaze uxoxe ngamagugu amade ezemvelo okusebenza kwamasosha. Izinhlelo eziningi zokufunda ngokuthula zinganothiswa ngezinto eziningi zemvelo.
Sikhipha uchungechunge olukhula ngokuqhubekayo lwezifundo zocwaningo ngomlando walo emhlabeni wonke esiwubhala kuwebhusayithi yethu . Lapho sazi kakhulu ngemithelela, esheshayo neyesikhathi eside, izindaba zethu ziba namandla. Kungakho ngimbonga kakhulu uGar ngokuhlanganisa ifayili le- I-War and Environment Reader. Ngithemba ukuthi wonke uzothola amakhophi. Manje ngifuna ukwengeza isethulo sikaGarg ngokugcizelela izimpande eziningana zomlando ezijulile zesimo sethu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu empi (kokubili kokuzivikela nokwephula umthetho) kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imiphakathi kanye nenqubo kahulumeni ngokusebenzisa umlando. Lezi zinto eziza kuqala zakha izinhlangano zezombusazwe, izinhlelo zezomnotho, kanye nemiphakathi. Kuye kwaba khona izinhlanga zezikhali, ezilawulwa yizwe futhi zikhiqizwa umsebenzi wemboni yamasosha. Kodwa ku-20th ngekhulu leminyaka ukuphazamiseka kwemithombo yonke yezomnotho akukaze kube khona. Siphila manje ku-State Warfare eyadalwa eMpini Yezwe II futhi eqiniswe yiCold War. Incwadi yethu yombhali eyishumi emlandweni wemvelo weMpi Yezwe Yesibili ezinkampanini zase-US ukuthi; izoshicilelwa ngonyaka ozayo.
Uma sibheka emuva emlandweni wethu omude, ngifuna ukugqamisa isimo esibucayi izakhamizi ngesikhathi sempi - izakhamizi njengezisulu kanye nabasekeli bemisebenzi yamasosha. Nakhu lapho sithola ukuxhumana okuningi okubucayi phakathi kwempilo yabantu kanye nokulimala kwemvelo ngesikhathi sempi nangesikhathi sokuthula.
Isixhumanisi esisodwa esiyinhloko siyi Food and Agriculture: Abantu basemapulazini bavame ukuhlupheka kakhulu ngesikhathi sempi, njengoba amakholomu ezempi ashaqa umhlaba, afuna izimpahla, izakhiwo ezivuthayo, ukubhubhisa izitshalo - nokulimaza amazwe. Le mikhankaso yakhula ngokuza kwempi yezimboni ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Imikhankaso yomhlaba ekhanyisiwe yayidume kakhulu eMpi Yombuso WaseMelika. KuMpi Yezwe I ukuphazamiseka kokulima kanye nokungondleki okukhulu komphakathi kwakungaphakathi cishe sonke isifunda saseYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, njengoba sibheka emlandweni wethu wemvelo jikelele wezemvelo weMpi Yezwe I okuzophrinta futhi ngonyaka ozayo. Kuyinkinga engapheli ehlanganisa izizwe zomphakathi ekucindezelekeni kwezemvelo
Uma sikhuluma ngemikhankaso yomhlaba eshisa, ake sicabangele ngamabomu impi yemvelo kancane kancane. Ukuphikisa imikhankaso, eyenzelwe ukuvimbela ukusekelwa kwabantu abasemaphandleni, uye wabangela ukulimala kwemvelo ngamabomu ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali eVietnam kwakutholakala ngokwengxenye yamasu e-colonial-war aseBrithani naseFulentshi, okwakufundele icebo laseMelika ekunqobeni iPhilippines nxazonke ze-1900. Amasu afanayo abuyele emlandweni okungenani eGrisi lasendulo.
Izimpikiswano eziningi zesikhathi sempi ziye zabangela ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi. Ezikhathini zanamuhla kuvame ukubikwa kahle - ngaphandle kwesimo semvelo. Ingcindezi yezemvelo iyaqina lapho abantu bephoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo, kanye nemizila yabo yokuphunyuka, nalapho behla khona. Isibonelo esisodwa esethusayo, okuxoxwe ngaso kuvolumu yethu esanda kushicilelwa yababhali abaningi The Long Shadows: Umlando Wezemvelo Womhlaba WeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwakuyi-China, lapho amashumi ezinkulungwane zababaleki abalekela imizi yawo phakathi kwe-1937 ne-1949. Abaningi bethu manje sebefunda ezinye izimo emakhulwini amabili nesishiyagalolunye namashumi amabili. Eminyakeni yamuva ababaleki bempi kanye nababaleki bezemvelo bahlangene nokugeleza okungakaze kwenzeke kwezigidi ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezilahliwe. Imvelo yimbangela kanye nomphumela wale migudu emikhulu.
Lokhu kungikhombisa ukuba ngiye Izimpi Zombango, okufiphaza umehluko phakathi kwamasosha nezakhamizi; ukulimala kwemvelo bekuyinto ethize kuzo zonke zazo. Kodwa-ke - ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule akekho noyedwa owayengaphakathi ngaphakathi; bonke bondliwe ukuhwebelana ngezikhali kwamazwe omhlaba. Ukuxhumanisa kwemvelo ne- Izinsiza zempi futhi amaqhinga emisebenzi yezimboni ekulweni ukulawula izinsiza ezifanele kumele kube sobala. Lezi zimpi ze-neo-emperial, ezisebenzisa abantu bendawo njengabantu abazitholayo, zingxabano zemvelo. (Sibonga uMichael Klare, uFilie LeBillon eVancouver, nabanye, ngomsebenzi wabo obalulekile kule ndaba.) Ngakho uma sifundisa izimpi ezingaphezu kwamahlanu "zombuso" wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, akumelwe sishaye indiva imakethe yezikhali zomhlaba jikelele. (SIPRI).
Lapha ngifuna ukushintsha ithoni yami ngomzuzu, ukucabangela isihloko esithile esikhuthazayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwaba nezintandokazi ezithinta inhliziyo ezithintekayo ezisebenza ndawonye ngokuzimisela, ezimweni ezixhumanisa umnotho wezempi izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kanye nezimbhikisho zomphakathi. Kwamanye amaSoviet Republics amaningana enkathini ye-glasnost-perestroika eyalandela inhlekelele yaseChernobyl, izinhlangano ezinkulu zavela ebusuku lapho uGrbachev evula iwindi ukuze kube nengxabano yomphakathi. Ngomakhelwane be-1989 bangase bahlele obala ukuphikisana nesifo esinobuthi nesishubile futhi baxhumane nezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo. Ucwaningo olusha oluvela eKiev luzositshela le ndaba ngokuqondile i-Ukraine, lapho izinhlangano ze-NGO zihlela khona masinyane futhi zixhunyaniswe ngokushesha ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba ezifana noGreenpeace, nakwabo abafuduka eCanada, e-US nase-Europe Yentshonalanga. Kodwa kunzima ukusekela ukunyakaza, futhi izindaba zakamuva zikhuthaze kakhulu. Lapho umbuso udangalisa abantu bawo ekuxhumaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba kwenzekani manje eHungary, isenzo sendawo sendawo senziwa kanzima.
Okokugcina, siza ekudakaleni kwemvelo okuhlanganisa konke okunye: Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Umnikelo wezempi ekufudumeni kwembulunga unomlando, kodwa awusandulwanga ngokuhlelekile. Incwadi enamandla kaBarry Sanders, I-Green Zone, umzamo owodwa obalulekile. Abahleli bezempi - e-US, emazweni e-NATO, e-India, e-China, e-Australia - basebenza kanzima eqinisweni lanamuhla. Kepha umlando ogcwele wesikhathi sikaphethiloli awunakuqondwa ngokwanele kuze kube yilapho sibona ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuthi ingxenye yamasosha ibiyini, zombili zisebenzisa uphethiloli nokwakha umnotho wezepolitiki womhlaba wonke wamalahle, uwoyela, negesi yemvelo.
Ngokubambisana, uma siqaphela lezi zindlela eziningi nezinye izixhumanisi phakathi kwezempi kanye nemvelo, kulo lonke umlando wethu, kwenza ukuthi umsebenzi wethu ube nzima ngokwengeziwe, kokubili ekilasini nasekubunjweni komuntu wonke ukuqonda nokubunzima kwethu izikhathi ezinzima.
Ngakho-ke, kanjani ukuqhubekela phambili esikhathini esizayo? Ukuvuselelwa nokuphulukiswa nakho kubalulekile izingxenye zomlando - umonakalo womuntu kanye nomvelo uvame ukulungiswa, okungenani kancane. Angikhulumanga kakhulu ngalolu daba lomlando wethu wezemvelo; kufanelwe ukunakwa okuningi. Ngiyajabula ukuthi kule mpelasonto sinethuba lokusebenzisana ukuze sithole amafomu amasha nokuqiniswa okumelana nokuvuselela.
Iwebhusayithi yethu yephrojekthi yomlando iyabuyekezwa futhi inwetshwe kule sizini. Kufaka phakathi uhla lwezincwadi ezandayo kanye nesampula yohlelo lwezifundo. Sifuna ukuthi isayithi liqhubeke liba lusizo kubakhankaso banamuhla. Ngiyazamukela iziphakamiso zendlela yokwenza lokho.
