Izifundo thola ukungabi nabudlova okungenzeka ukuthi uphumelele, futhi leyo mpumelelo ihlala isikhathi eside. Nokho sitshelwa kaningi ukuthi udlame ukuphela kwendlela. Ukube udlame kube ilona thuluzi kuphela elake lasetshenziswa, ngokusobala besingazama into entsha. Kodwa awukho umcabango onjalo noma emisha edingekayo. Ngezansi kunohlu olukhulayo lwemikhankaso ephumelelayo engenalo udlame esivele isetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ngokuvamile sitshelwa ukuthi impi iyadingeka: ukuhlasela, imisebenzi, ukuketula umbuso, nobushiqela. Uma besingafaka zonke izenzo ezingezona udlame, ezifana nezokuxhumana, ukulamula, izingxoxo, kanye nomthetho, okuningi eside uhlu kungenzeka. Uma besingafaka izenzo ezingenabo udlame zobulungisa obungahlobene nezimo ezifana nempi, uhlu lungaba lukhulu ngendlela engalawuleki. Uma singafaka imikhankaso exubile enodlame nengenalo udlame singaba nohlu olude kakhulu. Uma besingafaka imikhankaso engenalo udlame ethole impumelelo encane noma engaba nayo nhlobo singaba nohlu olude kakhulu. Lapha sigxile esenzweni esidumile esiqondile, ukuvikela umphakathi okungahlomile, ukusetshenziswa kobudlova, nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo, esikhundleni sezingxabano ezinodlame. Asizange sifune ukuhlunga uhlu isikhathi eside noma ubuhle bempumelelo noma ukungabikho kwamathonya amabi angaphandle. Njengodlame, isenzo esingenalo udlame singasetshenziselwa izimbangela ezinhle, ezimbi, noma ezingenandaba, futhi ngokuvamile inhlanganisela yalokho. Iphuzu lapha ukuthi isenzo esingenalo ubudlova sikhona njengenye indlela yempi. Izinketho azikhawulelwe “ekungenzini lutho” noma impi. Leli qiniso alisitsheli ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe noma yimuphi umuntu kunoma yisiphi isimo; lisitshela ukuthi yimuphi umphakathi okhululekile ukuwuzama. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kaningi kangakanani ukuba khona kwesenzo esingenalo udlame njengento engenzeka kunqatshwe ngokwezigaba, ubude balolu hlu olungezansi buyamangaza. Mhlawumbe ukuphikiswa kwesimo sezulu nezinye izinhlobo zokwenqatshwa kobufakazi obuphikisana nesayensi kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokuphika isenzo esingenalo ubudlova, njengoba lokhu kwakamuva kuyisenzakalo esiyingozi.
● 2023 E-Niger, ukuketula umbuso kwamasosha kwathatha amandla futhi kwatshela i-France ukuthi isuse amasosha ayo (amasosha angu-1500+). I-France yenqaba ukuqaphela umholi omusha noma ukususa amasosha. Esikhundleni salokho, iFrance yazama ukubandakanya i-ECOWAS (i-NATO yase-Afrika) ukuqeda ukuketulwa kwezempi. Amanye amazwe, njengeNigeria, aqale enolaka ekuketulweni kwamasosha, kodwa imibhikisho emazweni abo yabahoxisa kulokho. Imibhikisho emikhulu esikhungweni samasosha aseFrance iholele ekutheni iFrance ikhiphe amasosha ayo. Ukungenelela kwezempi okusekelwe entshonalanga kwavinjwa.
● I-Nonviolence yango-2022 e-Ukraine ivimbe amathangi, yaxoxisana namasosha ekulweni, yaxosha amasosha ezindaweni. Abantu bashintsha izimpawu zomgwaqo, bafaka amabhodi, bema phambi kwezimoto, bathole ukunconywa ngendlela exakile uMongameli wase-US enkulumweni yeState of the Union. Umbiko ngalezi zenzo lapha futhi lapha. Eminye imibiko emisha lapha.
● 2020s E-Colombia, umphakathi usufune umhlaba wawo futhi wazisusa kakhulu empini. Bheka lapha, lapha, Futhi lapha.
● Ngo-2020 E-Mexico, umphakathi wenze okufanayo. Bheka lapha, lapha, Futhi lapha.
● 2020s E-Canada, abantu bomdabu basebenzise isenzo esingenalo udlame ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwamapayipi ngezikhali ezindaweni zabo.
● 2020, 2009, 1991, Inhlangano Engenalo Udlame ivimbele ukwakhiwa kwenkundla yezempi ye-NATO e-Montenegro, futhi yasusa izizinda zamasosha ase-US e-Ecuador nasePhilippines.
● 2018 Armenians ukubhikisha ngempumelelo ngokwesula kukaNdunankulu uSerzh Sargsyan.
● 2015 Guatemalan cindezela umongameli onenkohlakalo ukuthi asule esikhundleni.
● 2014 – 2015 E-Burkina Faso, abantu abangenalo udlame kuvinjelwe ukuketulwa umbuso. Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● 2011 abaseGibhithe ehlisela phansi ubushiqela bukaHosni Mubarak.
● 2010-11 abaseTunisia ukugumbuqela umashiqela futhi bafuna izinguquko kwezombusazwe nezomnotho (Jasmine Revolution).
● 2011-12 Yemenis khipha Umbuso we-Saleh.
● 2011 Eminyakeni eminingi, okuholela ku-2011, amaqembu ezishoshovu ezingenalo udlame esifundeni sase-Basque e-Spain adlale indima ehamba phambili ekuqedeni ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kwabahlukanisi base-Basque - ikakhulukazi hhayi ngempi yobuphekula. Bona "Isenzo Somphakathi Esilwa Nobuphekula Be-ETA Ezweni Lase-Basque" ka-Javier Argomaniz, okuyiSahluko 9 I-Civil Action kanye ne-Dynamics of Violence ihlelwe nguDeborah Avant et alia. Kungase futhi kuphawuleke ukuthi ngoMashi 11, 2004, amabhomu e-Al Qaeda abulala abantu abangu-191 eMadrid ngaphambi nje kokhetho lapho iqembu elilodwa lalikhankasela ukubamba iqhaza kweSpain empini eyayiholwa yi-US e-Iraq. Abantu baseSpain uvotelwe amaSocialists angena emandleni, futhi asusa wonke amasosha aseSpain e-Iraq ngoMeyi. Ayengasekho amabhomu amaphekula angaphandle eSpain. Lo mlando uhluke kakhulu kowaseBrithani, i-United States, kanye nezinye izizwe eziye zasabela ekubuyiseleni emuva ngempi eyengeziwe, ngokuvamile ekhiqiza i-blowback eyengeziwe.
● I-Senegalese yango-2011 ngempumelelo umbhikisho isiphakamiso soshintsho kuMthethosisekelo.
● 2011 Maldivians kwesidzingo ukwesula kukamongameli.
● I-Nonviolence yango-2010 yaqeda imisebenzi yamadolobha ase-Donbass phakathi kuka-2014 no-2022.
● Ngo-2008 E-Ecuador, umphakathi uye wasebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokungabi nabudlova nokuxhumana ukuze unqande ukuqhwagwa komhlaba kwenkampani yezimayini kuhlonyiwe, njengoba kuboniswe efilimini. Ngaphansi Komhlaba Ocebile.
● 2007-Okwamanje: Ukumelana okungenabudlova eNtshonalanga Sahara kulethe ukunaka kwamazwe ngamazwe ekuthatheni kweMoroccan eNtshonalanga Sahara kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu kubantu baseSaharawi.
● 2006 Thais ukugumbuqela UNdunankulu uThaksin.
● Isiteleka esivamile sase-Nepal sango-2006 ama-curtails amandla enkosi.
● Ngo-2005 ELebanon, iminyaka engu-30 yokubusa kweSyria yaqedwa ngenxa yokuvukela okukhulu, okungenabudlova ngo-2005.
● 2005 Ecuadorians khipha UMongameli Gutiérrez.
● 2005 izakhamuzi zaseKyrgyz ukugumbuqela UMongameli Ayakev (Tulip Revolution).
● 2003 Isibonelo esivela e-Liberia: Ifilimu: Khuleka uDeveli Abuyele Esihogweni. Impi Yombango YaseLiberia ka-1999-2003 yaba iphele ngesenzo esingenalo udlame, okuhlanganisa isiteleka socansi, ukunxenxa izingxoxo zokuthula, nokwakhiwa kochungechunge lwabantu oluzungeze izingxoxo zize ziqedwe.
● 2003 Georgians ukugumbuqela umashiqela (Rose Revolution).
● Isiteleka sika-2002 sase-Madagascar khipha umbusi ongekho emthethweni.
● Izishoshovu zango-1987-2002 zase-East Timorese zikhankasela ukuzimela kusuka e-Indonesia.
● 2001 Umkhankaso othi “People Power Two”, khipha UMongameli wasePhilippines u-Estrada ekuqaleni kuka-2001. Umthombo.
● 2000s: imizamo yomphakathi e-Budrus yokumelana nokwakhiwa komgoqo wokuhlukanisa wakwa-Israel eWest Bank ngokusebenzisa izindawo zabo. Bona ifilimu I-Budrus.
● 2000 Peruvians umkhankaso ukugumbuqela Umashiqela u-Alberto Fujimori.
● 1991-99 East Timor: Kanye nemikhankaso yobumbano yamazwe ngamazwe, imizamo yokukhululeka kwe-East Timor ku-Indonesia yamisa ukuqothulwa kohlanga futhi yazuza inkululeko. Umkhankaso obalulekile wobumbano uphushe iCongress yaseMelika ukuthi inqamule usizo lwezempi oluya e-Indonesia, nokuholele ekutheni uMengameli uSuharto esule esikhundleni, futhi. Ukuzimela kwe-East Timor.
● 1999 isiSurinamese umbhikisho ngokumelene nomongameli kudala ukhetho oluzomkhipha esikhundleni.
● 1998 abantu base-Indonesia ukugumbuqela UMongameli Suharto.
● 1997-98 izakhamuzi zaseSierra Leone ukuvikela intando yeningi.
● Ngo-1997 Amasosha aseNew Zealand aphethe iziginci esikhundleni sezibhamu aphumelela lapho amasosha ayehlome ehluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe, ekuqedeni impi eBougainville, njengoba kuboniswe efilimini. Amasosha angenazibhamu.
● 1992-93 abantu baseMalawi ehlisela phansi Umashiqela oneminyaka engama-30.
● 1992 EThailand inhlangano engenabudlova engahlanganisiwe ukuketulwa kwezempi. Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● Abantu baseBrazil bango-1992 shayela uphume uMongameli okhohlakele.
● Izakhamuzi zaseMadagascar zango-1992 win ukhetho olukhululekile.
● Ngo-1991 ESoviet Union ngo-1991, uGorbachev waboshwa, amathange athunyelwa emadolobheni amakhulu, abezindaba bavalwa, nemibhikisho yavalwa. Kodwa umbhikisho ongenalo udlame waqeda ukuketula umbuso ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● 1991 abantu baseMaliya ukunqoba dictator, zuza ukhetho olukhululekile (March Revolution).
● Abafundi base-Ukraine be-1990 qeda ngokungenabudlova Ukubusa kweSoviet phezu kwe-Ukraine.
● 1989-90 abantu baseMongolia win intando yeningi yamaqembu amaningi.
● 2000 (nango-1990) Ukuketulwa eSerbia ngawo-1990. AmaSerbia ukugumbuqela Milosevic (Bulldozer Revolution).
● 1989 Czechoslovakians umkhankaso ngempumelelo yentando yeningi (Velvet Revolution).
● 1988-89 Solidarność (Solidarity) wehlisa uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi wasePoland.
● 1989-90 eMpumalanga Jalimane ngaphandle kobudlova imikhawulo Ukubusa kwamaSoviet.
● 1983-88 abaseChile ukugumbuqela Umbuso wePinochet.
● 1987-90 Bangladeshi ehlisela phansi Umbuso ka-Ershad.
● Ngo-1987 Ku-intifada yokuqala yasePalestine ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, iningi labantu abahlukunyezwayo laba izinhlangano ezizibusayo ngenxa yokubambisana okungenabudlova. Encwadini kaRashid Khalidi Impi Yeminyaka Eyikhulu ePalestine, uphikisa ngokuthi lo mzamo ongahlelekile, ozenzakalelayo, ophansi, futhi ngokuyinhloko ongenalo ubudlova wenza okuhle ngaphezu kwe-PLO eyenze amashumi eminyaka, ukuthi uhlanganise ukunyakaza okuphikisayo kanye nombono wezwe washintsha, naphezu kokubambisana, ukuphikiswa, nokudukiswa yi-PLO oblivious. esidingweni sokuthonya umbono womhlaba kanye nokungazi lutho mayelana nesidingo sokusebenzisa ingcindezi ku-Israel ne-United States. Lokhu kuphambana kakhulu nodlame kanye nemiphumela engemihle ye-Intifada Yesibili ngo-2000, ngokubona kukaKhalidi nabanye abaningi.
● 1987-91 Lithuania, Latvia, Futhi Estonia bazikhulula ekuphathweni kweSoviet ngokumelana nobudlova ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-USSR. Bona ifilimu Ukucula Revolution.
● Ngo-1987 abantu base-Argentina bakuvimbela ngokungenabudlova ukuketulwa kwezempi kwamasosha. Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● 1986-87 abantu baseNingizimu Korea win umkhankaso omkhulu wentando yeningi.
● 1983-86 Inhlangano yasePhilippines “yamandla abantu” kwehliswe ubushiqela obucindezelayo bukaMarcos. Umthombo.
● Izishoshovu zase-US zango-1986-94 ziyamelana nokuthuthwa ngempoqo kwabantu abangamaNavajo bendabuko abangaphezu kuka-10,000 abahlala eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Arizona, besebenzisa i-Genocide Demands, lapho bacela ukuba kushushiswe bonke labo abanecala lokuthuthwa kwabo ngenxa yobugebengu bokuqothulwa kohlanga.
● Abafundi baseSudan bango-1985, abasebenzi ehlisela phansi Ubushiqela be-Numeiri.
● 1984-90, Isifungo Sokuphikisa: ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-US eNicaragua nabasayine izithembiso eziyi-42,000 kanye nezinkulungwane zokuboshwa kokungalaleli umphakathi, ukuvimba amasango ezindawo zokuqeqesha, ukwenza imibhikisho yenxanxathela yezitolo, ukufaka ingcindezi kuzikhulu ezikhethiwe, nokusebenzisa isiteleka sendlala sezinsuku ezingu-40 somakadebona. Abantu abayi-1,000 bavimbe ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali endaweni ebalulekile iminyaka emi-2.
● Isiteleka esivamile sase-Uruguay sango-1984 imikhawulo uhulumeni wezempi.
● 1983 e-USSR/Russia, uStanislav Petrov wenqaba ukuqhumisa izikhali zenuzi ngemva kwemibiko engamanga yokufika kwama-nukes ase-US, ukuvimbela impi yenuzi.
● 1980s ENingizimu Afrika, izenzo ezingenalo udlame zadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni ubandlululo.
● 1977-83 E-Argentina, Omama BePlaza de Mayo umkhankaso ngempumelelo ngentando yeningi kanye nokubuya kwamalungu omndeni wabo “anyamalele”.
● 1977-79 E-Iran, abantu gumbuqela uShah.
● 1978-82 EBolivia, abantu babengenalo ubudlova ukuvimbela ukuketulwa kwezempi. Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● 1976-98 ENyakatho ye-Ireland - Abantu Abanokuthula (uMairead Maguire, uBetty Williams, uCiaran McKeown), bamasha masonto onke (w/ 50,ooo abantu kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 - cishe u-3.5%), bafaka izicelo, balwela ukuphela udlame lwamahlelo phakathi kwamaProthestani namaKatolika eNyakatho Ireland nase-Ireland, eqeda iminyaka engu-30 yempi.
● Abafundi baseThailand bango-1973 ukugumbuqela umbuso wezempi weThanom.
● 1970-71 Polish shipyard workers' qalisa ukugumbuqela.
● 1968-69 abafundi basePakistan, abasebenzi, nabalimi ehlisela phansi umashiqela.
● Ngo-1968 Lapho amasosha aseSoviet ehlasela iCzechoslovakia ngo-1968, kwaba nemibhikisho, isiteleka esivamile, ukwenqaba ukubambisana, ukususwa kwezimpawu zasemgwaqweni, ukuncenga amasosha. Naphezu kokuvuma kwabaholi abangenalwazi, ukuthathwa kwezintambo kwehliswa, futhi ukwethembeka kweSoviet Communist Party konakala. Bheka i-akhawunti eSahlukweni 1 se-Gene Sharp, I-Civil Based Defense.
● 1959-60 Japanese umbhikisho isivumelwano sezokuphepha ne-US kanye noNdunankulu ongagunyaziwe.
● Abantu baseColombia bango-1957 ukugumbuqela umashiqela.
● 1944-64 abantu baseZambia umkhankaso ngempumelelo ukuze uzimele.
● 1962 izakhamizi zase-Algeria ngenela ngaphandle kobudlova ukuvimbela impi yombango.
● Ngo-1961 E-Algeria ngo-1961, ojenene abane baseFrance baketula umbuso. Ukumelana okungenalo udlame kwayisusa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Bheka i-akhawunti eSahlukweni 1 se-Gene Sharp, I-Civil Based Defense. Futhi Bheka i-akhawunti Engxenyeni 1 ye “Civil Resistance Against Coups” nguStephen Zunes.
● Abafundi baseSouth Korea bango-1960 cindezela umashiqela ukwesula esikhundleni, ukhetho olusha.
● 1959-60 isiCongo win ukuzimela ngaphansi koMbuso WaseBelgium.
● Imizamo ka-1947 kaGandhi - kanye naleyo yebutho lokuthula lika-Bacha Khan elingahlomile - kusukela ngo-1930 kuqhubeke kwaba ukhiye ekukhipheni amaNgisi eNdiya.
● 1947 Isibalo sabantu baseMysore iwina umbuso wentando yeningi eNdiya esanda kuzimela.
● Abantu baseHaiti bango-1946 ukugumbuqela umashiqela.
● 1944 Omashiqela ababili baseMelika Ephakathi, uMaximiliano Hernandez Martinez (El Salvador) noJorge Ubico (Guatemala), baxoshwa ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso okungenabudlova. Umthombo. Ukuketulwa kombuso wezempi e-El Salvador ngo-1944 kuyalandisa Amandla Angaphezu Kakhulu.
● 1944 Ecuadorians ukugumbuqela umashiqela.
● 1940s Eminyakeni yokugcina yokubusa kwamaJalimane eDenmark naseNorway phakathi neWWII, amaNazi ayengasenakulawula abantu.
● 1940-45 Isenzo esingenabudlova sokusindisa amaJuda ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe eBerlin, eBulgaria, eDenmark, eLe Chambon, eFrance nakwezinye izindawo. Umthombo.
● 1933-45 Kuyo yonke iMpi Yezwe II, kwakunochungechunge lwamaqembu amancane ngokuvamile angawodwa ayesebenzisa amasu angenabudlova ngokumelene namaNazi ngokuphumelelayo. Lawa maqembu ahlanganisa i-White Rose kanye ne-Rosenstrasse Resistance. Umthombo.
Ukuze uthole impendulo eningilizayo ku-jikelele "KUTHINI NGAMANAZI?" uyakhala, sicela uhambe lapha.
● 1935 isiteleka esivamile saseCuba ukuze ukugumbuqela UMongameli.
● 1933 isiteleka esivamile saseCuba ukuze ukugumbuqela UMongameli.
● 1931 abaseChile ukugumbuqela umashiqela uCarlos Ibañez del Campo.
● Ngo-1923 Lapho amasosha aseFrance nawaseBelgium ethatha iRuhr ngo-1923, uhulumeni waseJalimane wacela izakhamuzi zawo ukuba zimelane ngaphandle kobudlova. Abantu ngaphandle kobudlova baphendule imibono yomphakathi eBrithani, e-US, ngisho naseBelgium naseFrance, bavuna amaJalimane adlayo. Ngesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe, amasosha aseFrance ahoxiswa. Bheka i-akhawunti eSahlukweni 1 se-Gene Sharp, I-Civil Based Defense.
● Ngo-1920 eJalimane ngo-1920, ukuketula umbuso kwagumbuqela uhulumeni futhi kwadingiswa, kodwa lapho uhulumeni ephuma, wabiza ukhukhulelangoqo wesiteleka. Ukuketula umbuso kwaqedwa ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Bheka i-akhawunti eSahlukweni 1 se-Gene Sharp, I-Civil Based Defense.
● Ngo-1918-19 Ukuvukela Kwamatilosi AseJalimane: Amatilosi abhikisha ephindela empini; abaholi bamaqembu baboshwa futhi babulawa, amatilosi enqaba ukulalela imiyalo ye-High Fleet, abonise, ateleke, abhikishe. Izenzo zobumbano zasabalala. Lokhu kwaholela ngqo eJalimane umaluju futhi kanjalo, ephetha iWWI.
● Ngo-1917 INguquko YaseRussia Yango-February 1917, naphezu kodlame olulinganiselwe, nayo yayingenabo ubudlova futhi yaholela ekuweni kwesimiso sobubusi.
● 1905-1906 ERussia, abalimi, izisebenzi, abafundi, nezihlakaniphi zazihileleka ezitelekeni ezinkulu nezinye izinhlobo zezenzo ezingenalo udlame, okwakuphoqelela uCzar ukuba amukele ukusungulwa kwesishayamthetho esikhethiwe. Umthombo. Bona futhi Amandla Angaphezu Kakhulu.
● 1879-1898 isiMaori wamelana ngokungenabudlova I-British settler colonialism ngempumelelo elinganiselwe kodwa ikhuthaza abanye emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
● 1850-1867 Abashisekeli bobuzwe baseHungary, beholwa uFrancis Deak, bamelana ngokungenabudlova nokubusa kwe-Austria, bagcina sebephinde bazibusa eHungary njengengxenye yomfelandawonye wase-Austro-Hungary. Umthombo.
● 1765-1775 Amakholoni aseMelika enza imikhankaso emithathu emikhulu yokumelana nokungabi nabudlova ngokumelene nokubusa kweBrithani (ngokumelene ne-Stamp Acts of 1765, i-Townsend Acts of 1767, kanye ne-Coercive Acts ka-1774) okwaholela ekuzimeleni kwamakoloni ayisishiyagalolunye ngo-1775. Umthombo. Futhi ubone lapha.
● 494 BCE ERoma, amanxusa, esikhundleni sokuba amanxusa okubulala emzamweni wokulungisa izikhalazo, uyeka kusukela emzini kuya entabeni (kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi “iNtaba Engcwele”). Bahlala khona izinsuku ezithile, benqaba ukwenza iminikelo yabo evamile ekuphileni kwedolobha. Kwabe sekufinyelelwa esivumelwaneni esithembisa ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo empilweni nasesimeni sabo. Bheka uGene Sharp (1996) “Ngaphandle kwempi nje kanye nokucwasa: umzabalazo ongenabudlova obheke ebulungiswa, inkululeko nokuthula.” Ukubuyekezwa Kwenkolo (Umqulu 48, Isiqephu 2).
