NguBrian Terrell
Lapho ngifika e-Kabul International Airport ngoNovemba 4, ngangingazi ukuthi ngalo lolo suku New York Times ushicilele isihloko, "Impilo Ibuyela Emuva Enhlokodolobha Yase-Afghan, Njengoba Ingozi Ikhuphuka Namasosha Ehla." Abangane bami u-Abdulhai kanye no-Ali, oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, izinsizwa engizazi kusukela ngivakasha okokuqala eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, bangibingelela ngokumamatheka nokunganga base bethatha izikhwama zami. Singanakwa amasosha namaphoyisa ahlome ngezikhali ezizenzakalelayo, sabhekana nezikhathi zakudala njengoba sidlula izindonga eziqhunyiswa ngokhonkolo, izinqaba zezikhwama zesihlabathi, izindawo zokuhlola nocingo lwensingo emgwaqeni womphakathi futhi sidumisa itekisi.
Ilanga lalishisa nje emafini ngemva kwemvula yasekuseni kakhulu futhi ngangingakaze ngiyibone i-Kabul ibukeka ikhanya futhi ihlanzekile. Lapho usudlulile esikhumulweni sezindiza, umgwaqo omkhulu ongena edolobheni wawuphithizela ukuhamba kwezimoto nezohwebo. Ngangingazi ngaze ngayifunda incwadi New York Times emgqeni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ukuthi kulokhu ngangingomunye wezakhamuzi ezimbalwa zase-US okungenzeka zibe kulowo mgwaqo. "Inxusa laseMelika alisavunyelwe ukuhamba ngomgwaqo," kusho isikhulu saseNtshonalanga Times, eyabika ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi “ngemva kweminyaka engu-14 yempi, yokuqeqesha iButho Lezempi Lase-Afghan namaphoyisa, sekuyingozi kakhulu ukushayela ikhilomitha nengxenye usuka esikhumulweni sezindiza uya endlini yenxusa.”
Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane manje zithwala abasebenzi abasebenza ne-United States kanye nomfelandawonye wezempi wamazwe ngamazwe ukuya nokubuya emahhovisi aseKabul siyatshelwa. Inxusa Lase-United States e-Kabul lingelinye elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi selingumphakathi ozimele, abasebenzi bawo manje sebeqhelelene kakhulu nabantu nezikhungo zase-Afghan kunangaphambili. "Akekho omunye umuntu," ngaphandle kwezindawo zase-US kanye nomfelandawonye, kubika i-Times, "onendawo enendawo yokuhlala." Ngenkathi imemezela umsebenzi wayo lapho "I-Operation Resolute Support" yase-Afghanistan, izikhulu zase-US azisahambi emigwaqweni yase-Afghan.
Asinazo izindiza ezinophephela emhlane noma amaphedi okufika, kodwa isimo sezokuphepha eKabul siphinde sikhathazeke ngeVoices for Creative Nonviolence, inhlangano enokuthula nelwela amalungelo abantu engisebenza nayo kanye nabangane bethu kumaVolontiya Okuthula Ase-Afghan aseKabul engiwadingayo. weza ukuzovakasha. Nginenhlanhla ngentshebe yami empunga nebala elimnyama ukuthi ngidlule kalula kumuntu wasendaweni futhi ngiyakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka emigwaqweni kunabanye abantu bamazwe ngamazwe abavakashela lapha. Nalapho, abangani bami abancane bangifaka isiphandla lapho siphuma endlini.
Ukuphepha e-Kabul akubukeki kukubi kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu, noma kunjalo. Ngokuvumelana ne ngo-Okthoba 29 Newsweek umbiko, maduze uhulumeni waseJalimane uzoxosha iningi labantu base-Afghan abafuna ukukhoseliswa abangena kulelozwe. Ungqongqoshe wezangaphakathi waseJalimane uThomas de Maiziere ugcizelela ukuthi abantu base-Afghan kufanele "bahlale ezweni labo" nokuthi labo babaleki abavela eKabul ikakhulukazi abanaso isicelo sokukhoseliswa, ngoba iKabul "ithathwa njengendawo ephephile." Imigwaqo yaseKabul eyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzi beNxusa LaseMelika ukuthi bahambe ngemikhumbi yabo ye-Humvees kanye nezimoto ezihlomile eziphelezelwa osonkontileka abazimele abahlome kakhulu iphephile kubantu base-Afghan ukuthi baphile, basebenze futhi bakhulise imindeni yabo, ngokulinganisa kuka-Herr de Maiziere. “Abantu base-Afghan bakha amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20 abantu abangu-560,000 nangaphezulu abafike e-Europe ngolwandle ngo-2015, ngokusho kwe-UN Refugee Agency, into u-de Maziere ayichaza 'njengengamukeleki.'
Abantu base-Afghan, ikakhulukazi abasesigabeni esiphakathi abafundile, u-de Maiziere uthi, “kufanele bahlale futhi basize ekwakheni izwe.” Kucashunwe ku New York Times, uHasina Safi, umqondisi omkhulu we-Afghan Women’s Network, iqembu elisebenzelana nezindaba zamalungelo abantu kanye nobulili, kubonakala sengathi liyavumelana: “Kuyoba nzima kakhulu uma bonke abantu abafundile behamba,” esho. “Laba ngabantu esibadingayo kuleli; uma kungenjalo, ubani ozosiza abantu abavamile na?” Umuzwa ofanayo okhulunywe ngesibindi esimangalisayo nokuthembeka kokuziphatha yisisebenzi samalungelo abantu e-Afghanistan, uvela njengokufiphala okuyichilo nokulangazelela komthwalo wemfanelo lapho kuvezwa ungqongqoshe kahulumeni eBerlin, ikakhulukazi lapho lowo hulumeni sekuphele iminyaka eyi-14 ebambe iqhaza kumfelandawonye ophethe. ngobuningi bosizi lwase-Afghanistan.
Ngosuku olungemva kokufika kwami ngaba nelungelo lokuhlala emhlanganweni wothisha e-Afghan Peace Volunteers' Street Kids' School lapho kwakuxoxwa ngalesi sihloko. Laba besifazane abasebasha namadoda, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme nabasenyuvesi ngokwabo, bafundisa izisekelo zemfundo yamabanga aphansi ezinganeni okufanele zisebenze emigwaqweni yaseKabul ukuze zisize ukusekela imindeni yazo. Abazali abakhokhi imali yokufunda, kodwa ngokusekelwa yiVoices, esikhundleni salokho banikezwa isaka lerayisi nojeke wamafutha okupheka njalo ngenyanga ukuze kunxeshezelwe amahora izingane zabo ezifunda ngawo.
Kuyilapho New York Times imemezela ukuthi “Impilo Idonsela Emuva Enhlokodolobha Yase-Afghan,” laba thisha bokuzithandela bawuphawu lokuthi impilo iyaqhubeka, ngezinye izikhathi ngenjabulo nokuchichima okushaqisayo njengoba ngiye ngaba nakho ezinsukwini ezisanda kwedlula, ngisho nakule ndawo ecekelwe phansi yimpi nokuswela. Kwakubuhlungu-ke ukuzwa laba bantu abasha abakhaliphile, abahlakaniphile futhi abanobuhlakani abamele ngokusobala ithemba elingcono kakhulu le-Afghanistan lekusasa, bexoxa ngokungananazi ukuthi banalo yini ikusasa lapho nokuthi kufanele yini bajoyine abanye abantu base-Afghan abaningi abafuna indawo engcwele kwenye indawo.
Izizathu zokuthi noma iyiphi yalaba bantu abasha ingase ihambe ziningi futhi ziyashukumisa. Kunokwesaba okukhulu kokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-Kabul, ukuhlasela kwezindiza ezifundazweni lapho noma ubani angase aqondiswe njengempi yendiza yase-US, esaba ukubanjwa phakathi kwamabutho ahlukene alwa izimpi okungezona ezabo. Bonke baye bahlupheka kakhulu ezimpini ezaqala lapha ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe. Izikhungo ezithweswe icala lokwakhiwa kabusha kwezwe lazo zigcwele inkohlakalo, kusukela eWashington, DC, kuya ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni wase-Afghan kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele, izigidigidi zamaRandi zigqitshwe kuncane okungaboniswa phansi. Amathuba okuthi ngisho nalabo abaqhakazile nabahlakaniphile kakhulu baphishekele imfundo bese bekwazi ukuthola umsebenzi emisebenzini abayikhethile e-Afghanistan awalungile.
Iningi lamavolontiya lavuma ukuthi lalicabange ukuhamba, kodwa noma kunjalo lazwakalisa umuzwa onamandla wokuhlala esifundeni salo. Abanye base befinyelele esinqumweni esiqinile sokuthi bangahambi, abanye babonakala bengaqiniseki ukuthi intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo izobavumela yini ukuthi bahlale. Njengentsha yonke indawo, ingathanda ukuhamba futhi ibone umhlaba kodwa ekugcineni isifiso sayo esikhulu “ukuhlala nokusiza ekwakheni izwe” uma nje bekwazi.
Iningi lama-Afghan, ama-Iraqi, amaSyria, amaLibya nabanye babeka izimpilo zabo engcupheni ukuze bawele uLwandle iMedithera ngemisebenzi yezandla entekenteke noma bedabula indawo enobutha ngethemba lokuthola ukukhoseliswa eYurophu bazohlala ekhaya uma bengakwazi. Nakuba laba abafuna ukukhoseliswa kufanele banikezwe ububele nendawo yokukhosela abanelungelo layo, ngokusobala impendulo ayikona ukumuncwa kwezigidi zababaleki eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, asikho isixazululo ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kabusha kohlelo lwezepolitiki nezomnotho emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuvunyelwe bonke abantu ukuthi baphile futhi bachume emakhaya noma bahambe ngokukhululeka uma lokho kuwukuzikhethela. Esikhathini esifushane, akukho lutho oluzonqanda igagasi elikhulu labantu bokufika lingakwazi ukumisa konke ukungenelela kwamasosha kulawa mazwe yi-United States nabalingani bayo kanye neRussia.
NgoNovemba 4 New York Times Indaba iphetha ngendaba eyisixwayiso, isixwayiso sokuthi “ngisho nemizamo yokugwema izingozi zaseKabul iza ngezindleko ezimbi kakhulu.” Emasontweni amathathu ngaphambili, enye yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane manje ezigcwele isibhakabhaka zihamba izisebenzi zenxusa ibe nengozi edabukisayo. "Ezama ukuhlala, umshayeli wendiza unqamule intambo enamathisela i-blimp ehlola abantu abangena ngaphakathi enkabeni yeKabul njengoba izulazula phezu kwesisekelo seResolute Support." Amalungu amahlanu womfelandawonye ashonile kule ngozi, okuhlanganisa nabaseMelika ababili. I-blimp yamuka nempahla yokugada ebiza ngaphezu kwesigidi samadola, yagcina ishayisa, futhi kungenzeka yacekela phansi, indlu yase-Afghan.
Imizamo yase-US, UK kanye neJalimane “yokugwema izingozi zaseKabul” nakwezinye izindawo esizicekele phansi nakanjani “izoza ngezindleko ezimbi kakhulu.” Ngeke kube ngenye indlela. Asikwazi ukuzigcina siphephile unomphela ekungcoleni kwegazi esilenzile emhlabeni ngokugxumela phezu kwalo sisuka ku-helipad enezivikelo eziqinile siye ku-helipad enezivikelo eziqinile ezingosini zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Izigidi zababaleki ezikhukhula emingceleni yethu kungase kube inani elincane okufanele silikhokhe uma siqhubeka nokuzama.
UBrian Terrell uhlala eMaloy, e-Iowa, futhi ungumxhumanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence (www.vcnv.org)
