"I-Liberte, i-Egalite, i-Fraternite" Ilahlwe Ukukhoseliswa Ngenkani

NguMaya Evans, ebhala evela eCalais
@MayaAnneEvans

Kule nyanga, iziphathimandla zaseFrance (ezisekelwa futhi zixhaswe uhulumeni wase-UK ngebhalansi yamanje engu-£62 million) [1] bezidiliza 'Ihlathi,' indawo ewugwadule enobuthi emaphethelweni e-Calais. Ngaphambilini iyindawo yokulahla imfucumfucu, eyi-4 km² manje isinabantu ababaleki ababalelwa ku-5,000 abadudulelwe lapho ngonyaka odlule. Umphakathi omangalisayo wezizwe eziyi-15 ezibambelele ezinkolweni ezihlukahlukene wakha i-Jungle. Izakhamizi zenze inethiwekhi yezitolo nezindawo zokudlela okuthi, kanye nama-hamam kanye nezitolo zokugunda izinwele zibe nomthelela emnothweni omncane ngaphakathi kwekamu. Ingqalasizinda yomphakathi manje ihlanganisa izikole, ama-mosque, amasonto kanye nemitholampilo.

Abantu base-Afghan, ababalelwa ku-1,000, bakha iqembu lesizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke. Phakathi kwaleli qembu kukhona abantu abavela kuzo zonke izinhlanga eziyinhloko e-Afghanistan: amaPashtoon, amaHazaras, ama-Uzbeks namaTajik. I-Jungle iyisibonelo esimangalisayo sokuthi abantu abavela ezizweni nasezizweni ezahlukene bangahlalisana kanjani ngokuzwana, naphezu kobunzima obucindezelayo kanye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo omhlaba wonke kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuqubuka izingxabano nokuhilizisana, kodwa kuvame ukuvuswa iziphathimandla zaseFrance noma abashushumbisi.

Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga uTeresa May uwine impi ebalulekile yokuqala kabusha izindiza ezixosha abantu base-Afghan babuyela eKabul, ngezizathu zokuthi manje sekuphephile ukubuyela enhloko-dolobha. [2]

Ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule ngahlala ehhovisi laseKabul elithi 'Stop Deportation to Afghanistan.' [3] Ukukhanya kwelanga kuthele ngefasitela kuhle kwesiraphu esagolide efulethini eliphezulu, idolobha laseKabul elimbozwe uthuli olubhuqe njengekhadi lokuposa. Le nhlangano iyiqembu lokusekela eliphethwe u-Abdul Ghafoor, wase-Afghan owazalelwa ePakistan owachitha iminyaka engu-5 eNorway, kodwa wadingiselwa e-Afghanistan, izwe ayengakaze alivakashele ngaphambili. UGhafoor wangitshela ngomhlangano asanda kuwuhambela nongqongqoshe bakahulumeni wase-Afghan kanye nama-NGO - wahleka ngesikhathi echaza ukuthi abasebenzi be-NGO okungebona abase-Afghan bafika kanjani esikhungweni esihlomile begqoke ama-bullet proof nama-helmet, nokho iKabul ithathwe njengendawo ephephile. kubabaleki ababuyayo. Ubuzenzisi kanye nezindinganiso ezimbaxambili bekungaba ihlaya uma umphumela wawungenabo ubulungiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi unabasebenzi benxusa lakwamanye amazwe abathunyelwa ngendiza (ngezizathu zokuphepha) [4] ngendiza enophephela emhlane phakathi kwedolobha laseKabul, kanti ngakolunye unohulumeni abahlukahlukene baseYurophu abathi kuphephile ukuba izinkulungwane zababaleki zibuyele eKabul.

Ngo-2015, i-United Nations Assistance Mission e-Afghanistan yabhala abantu abangu-11,002 abalimala (abashonile abangu-3,545, abangu-7,457 abalimele) bedlula irekhodi langaphambilini lango-2014 [5].

Njengoba ngivakashele e-Kabul izikhathi eziyisi-8 eminyakeni engu-5 edlule, ngazi kahle ukuthi ukuphepha kwedolobha kwehle kakhulu. Njengomuntu wangaphandle angisathathi uhambo olungaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5, uhambo losuku oluya esigodini esihle sasePanjshir noma echibini laseQarga manje selubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu. Izwi emigwaqweni yaseKabul liwukuthi amaTaliban anamandla ngokwanele ukuthatha idolobha kodwa awakwazi ukuhlushwa ngobunzima bokuwuqhuba; Okwamanje amaseli e-ISIS azimele asesungule isisekelo [6]. Ngihlale ngizwa ukuthi impilo yase-Afghan namuhla ivikeleke kancane njengoba yayingaphansi kweTaliban, iminyaka engu-14 yempi esekelwa yi-US/NATO ibe yinhlekelele.

Emuva e-Jungle, enyakatho ye-France, amamayela angu-21 ukusuka eziqhingini zaseBrithani, cishe abantu base-Afghan abangu-1,000 baphupha impilo ephephile eBrithani. Abanye bake bahlala eBrithani, abanye banemindeni e-UK, abaningi basebenze namasosha aseBrithani noma ama-NGO. Imizwelo ilawulwa abashushumbisi abachaza imigwaqo yaseBrithani njengegandaywe ngegolide. Ababaleki abaningi badangele ngenxa yempatho abayithole eFrance lapho behlulwe khona ngamaphoyisa futhi behlaselwa izigebengu ezikude kwesokudla. Ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene banomuzwa wokuthi ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphila okunokuthula liseBrithani. Ukukhishwa ngamabomu e-UK kwenza ithemba lifiseleke nakakhulu. Impela iqiniso lokuthi iBrithani ivumile ukuthatha ababaleki baseSyria abangama-20,000 kuphela eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo [7], futhi sekukonke i-UK ithatha ababaleki abangama-60 kubantu abayi-1,000 bendawo ababefuna ukukhoseliswa ngo-2015, uma kuqhathaniswa neJalimane ethatha ama-587 [ 8], uye wadlala ephusheni lokuthi iBrithani iyizwe lamathuba akhethekile.

Ngikhulume nomholi womphakathi wase-Afghan uSohail, owathi: “Ngiyalithanda izwe lami, ngifuna ukubuyela ngiyohlala khona, kodwa akuphephile futhi asinalo ithuba lokuphila. Buka wonke amabhizinisi asehlathini sinamathalente, sidinga nje ithuba lokuwasebenzisa”. Le ngxoxo yenzeke e-Kabul Café, enye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Jungle, ngosuku olulodwa nje ngaphambi kokuba indawo ishiswe, umgwaqo omkhulu oseningizimu wezitolo nezindawo zokudlela zacekelwa phansi. Ngemva komlilo, ngakhuluma nomholi womphakathi ofanayo wase-Afghan. Sama phakathi kwamanxiwa abhidliziwe lapho sasiphuze khona itiye endaweni yokudlela yaseKabul. Uzizwa edabuke kakhulu ngokubhujiswa. "Kungani iziphathimandla zisibeke lapha, asiyeke sakhe impilo bese siyichitha?"

Emasontweni amabili edlule ingxenye eseningizimu yeHlathi yabhidlizwa: amakhulu ezindawo zokukhosela ashiswa noma ashaywa ngenkunzi kwashiya ababaleki abangaba ngu-3,500 bengenandawo yokuya [9]. AbaseFrance sebegunyaza manje bafuna ukuya engxenyeni esenyakatho yekamu ngenhloso yokubuyisela ababaleki abaningi emabhokisini amakhreyithi okudoba amhlophe, amaningi awo asevele emisiwe e-Jungle, futhi njengamanje ahlalisa ababaleki abayi-1,900. Isitsha ngasinye sihlala abantu abangu-12, kukhona ubumfihlo obuncane, futhi izikhathi zokulala zinqunywa 'abalingani bakho be-crate' kanye nemikhuba yabo yomakhalekhukhwini. Okwethusayo nakakhulu, umbaleki kudingeka abhalise neziphathimandla zaseFrance. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza izigxivizo zeminwe zakho zirekhodwe ngedijithali; empeleni, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokungena endaweni yokukhosela yaseFrance ngenkani.

Uhulumeni waseBrithani ubelokhu esebenzisa i-Dublin Regulations [10] njengezizathu ezingokomthetho zokungathathi isilinganiso sababaleki esilinganayo. Le mithetho ibeka ukuthi ababaleki kufanele bafune ukukhoseliswa ezweni lokuqala eliphephile abafika kulo. Nokho, lowo mthetho awusebenzi. Uma bekuphoqelelwa ngokufanele, iTurkey, i-Italy neGreece izosala ukuze ikwazi ukwamukela izigidi zababaleki.

Ababaleki abaningi bacela isikhungo sase-UK sokukhoseliswa ngaphakathi kwe-Jungle, okubanika amandla okuqala inqubo yokukhoseliswa eBrithani. Iqiniso lalesi simo ukuthi amakamu ababaleki afana neJungle awavimbeli abantu ukuthi bangene e-UK. Empeleni lezi zinkinga ezithinta amalungelo abantu ziqinisa izimboni ezingekho emthethweni neziyingozi njengokushushumbiswa kwabantu, ukudayisa ngomzimba kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa. Amakamu ababaleki aseYurophu adlala ezandleni zabashushumbisi babantu; omunye wase-Afghan wangitshela ukuthi , izinga lamanje lokuzoshushumbiswa liyiswe e-UK manje selingama-€10,000 [11], inani seliphindeke kabili ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Ukumisa isikhungo sase-UK kuzophinde kususe udlame oluvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabashayeli bamaloli nababaleki, kanye nezingozi ezimbi nezibulalayo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sohambo oluya e-UK. Kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi ube nenani elifanayo lababaleki abangena e-UK ngezindlela ezisemthethweni njengoba zikhona ngalezo ezikhona namuhla.

Ingxenye eseningizimu yekamu manje isiyincithakalo, ishe yangqongqa ngaphandle nje kwezindawo ezimbalwa zokusiza umphakathi. Umoya oneqhwa uvunguza endaweni ewugwadule. Udoti uphephuka emoyeni, inhlanganisela edabukisayo kadoti nezinto zomuntu ezishile. Amaphoyisa aseFrance asebenzisa isisi esikhalisa unyembezi, izibhamu zamanzi kanye nezinhlamvu zenjoloba ukusiza ukudilizwa. Njengamanje kunesimo esishubile lapho amanye ama-NGO namavolontiya engabaza ukwakha kabusha amakhaya nokwakhiwa okungenzeka kudilizwe ngokushesha yiziphathimandla zaseFrance.

I-Jungle imelela ubuhlakani obumangalisayo bomuntu namandla ebhizinisi aboniswa ababaleki kanye namavolontiya achithe impilo yawo ekwenzeni umphakathi oziqhenye ngawo; ngasikhathi sinye kuwumfanekiso oshaqisayo futhi oyihlazo wokwehla kwamalungelo abantu kanye nengqalasizinda yaseYurophu, lapho abantu ababalekela izimpilo zabo bephoqeleka ukuthi bahlale emabhokisini amakhreyithi omphakathi, uhlobo lokuboshwa okungapheli. Amazwana angekho emthethweni enziwe omele iziphathimandla zase-France abonisa inqubomgomo engenzeka yesikhathi esizayo lapho ababaleki abakhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwesistimu, bakhetha ukungabi namakhaya noma ukungabhalisi, okungenzeka babhekane nokuboshwa iminyaka emi-2.

I-France neBrithani okwamanje bakha inqubomgomo yabo yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Kuyinhlekelele ikakhulukazi eFrance, ngomthethosisekelo osungulwe ku-“Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite”, ukusekela lowo mgomo wokubhidliza amakhaya esikhashana, ngaphandle kanye nokuvalela ababaleki, nokuphoqelela ababaleki endaweni yokukhosela engafunwa. Ngokunikeza abantu ilungelo lokukhetha izwe labo lokukhoseliswa, ukusiza ngezidingo eziyisisekelo njengendawo yokuhlala nokudla, ukusabela ngesintu kunokucindezelwa, uMbuso uzobe uvumela ikhambi elingokoqobo elingcono kakhulu, kanye nokuhambisana namalungelo abantu bamazwe ngamazwe, imithetho. ezibekwe phansi ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha namalungelo awo wonke umuntu emhlabeni namuhla.

—–Izikhombo—-

[1] http://www.independent.co.uk/izindaba/izwe/i-Europe/david-i-cameron-uk-give-france-20-million-to-stop-calais-ababaleki-abafika-i-england-a6908991.html
[2]
http://www.independent.co.uk/izindaba/uk/izindaba zasekhaya/umbaleki-i-crisis-afghanistan-buled-safe-ngokwanele-ukuxosha-indawo yokukhosela-abafuna-kusuka-uk-a6910246.html
[3] https://kabulblogs.wordpress.com /
[4]
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/04/izwe/asia/impilo-idonsa-emuva-in-afghan-capital-as-ingozi-ikhuphuka-na-amabutho-recede.html?_r=1
[5] https://unama.unmissions.org/izakhamuzi-zilinyalelwe-zintsha-high-2015
[6]
http://www.theguardian.com/umhlaba/2015/May/07/taliban-intsha-recruits-isis-afghanistan-jihadis-islamic-isimo
[7]
http://www.theguardian.com/umhlaba/2015/sep/07/uk-will-vuma ukuya ku-20000-syrian-ababaleki-david-cameron-iqinisekisa
[8] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-i-europe-34131911
[9] http://www.vox.com/2016/3/8/11180232/jungle-calais-ikamu lababaleki
[10]
http://www.ecre.org/topics/izindawo-zokusebenza/ukuvikela-ku-i-europe/10-dublin-regulation.html
[11]
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/izindaba/umhlaba/izikhathi/abantu abashushumbisi-izigelekeqe-baxhaphaza-umzila omusha-uya-ebritain-osuka-dunkirk/izindaba-story1ff6e01f22b02044b67028bc0I-1e3e5c0

UMaya Evans uxhumanisa i-Voices for Creative Non-Violence UK, uvakashele izikhathi ze-Kabul eminyakeni engu-8 edlule lapho esebenza khona ngokubambisana nabadali bokuthula base-Afghan abasha.