By Rory Fanning, TomDispatch.com
Sthandwa Rage Aspiring,
Cishe usanda kuqeda isikole samabanga aphakeme futhi ngokungangabazeki ususayine inkontileka engu-Option 40 ekuqinisekisa ukuthi uzodubula ohlelweni lweRanger indoctrination (RIP). Uma ukwenze nge-RIP uzothunyelwa ukuyolwa eMpini Yomhlaba Wonke Yokwesaba. Uzoba yingxenye yalokho engangihlale ngikuzwa kuthiwa “yipipi lomkhonto.”
Impi ongena kuyo ibiqhubeka isikhathi eside ngokumangazayo. Cabanga ngalokhu: wawuneminyaka emihlanu ubudala lapho ngiqala ukuthunyelwa e-Afghanistan ngo-2002. Manje senginempunga kancane, ngilahlekelwa phezulu phezulu, futhi nginomndeni. Ngikholwe, kuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho okulindele.
Uma usufinyelele eminyakeni ethile, awukwazi ukusiza ukucabanga ngezinqumo ozenzile (noma ukuthi, ngomqondo othile, zenzelwe wena) lapho usemncane. Ngiyakwenza lokho futhi ngolunye usuku nawe uzokwenza kanjalo. Ngicabanga ngeminyaka yami ebuthweni le-75th Ranger, ngesikhathi lapho impi ozozithola ucwiliswa kuyo ibisaqala, ngizamile ukubhala phansi ezimbalwa zezinto abangakutsheli zona ehhovisi lokuqasha noma kumabhayisikobho asebenzela ezempi aseHollywood okungenzeka abe nomthelela esinqumweni sakho sokujoyina. Mhlawumbe isipiliyoni sami sizokunikeza umbono ongawucabangi.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ungena ebuthweni ngesizathu esifanayo cishe nangawo wonke amavolontiya: kuzwakale kungukukhetha kwakho kuphela. Mhlawumbe kwakuyimali, noma ijaji, noma isidingo somkhosi wokudlula, noma ukuphela kwe-stardom yemidlalo. Mhlawumbe usakholelwa ekutheni i-US ilwela inkululeko nentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke futhi isengozini ekhona evela "kubashokobezi." Mhlawumbe kubukeka njengokuphela kwento efanelekile: ukuvikela izwe lethu ebushushisweni.
Abezindaba baba yithuluzi elinamandla lokusakaza inkohliso uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthukisa leso sithombe, yize iqiniso lokuthi, njengesakhamuzi, kungenzeka ukuthi ubulawe ingane encane kunephekula. Ngiyethemba ukuthi awufuni ukuzisola lapho usumdala nokuthi ngokuncomekayo ufuna ukwenza okuthile okunenjongo ngempilo yakho. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi unethemba lokuhamba phambili entweni ethile. Kungakho ubhalisele ukuba yiRanger.
Ungenzi iphutha: noma ngabe zithini izindaba ngokushintshwa kwezinhlamvu i-US ezilwayo nezisusa eziguqukayo ngemuva eshintsha amagama "kokusebenza" kwethu kwezempi emhlabeni wonke, mina nawe sizobe silwile empini efanayo. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi uzosiyisa onyakeni we-14 we-Global War on Terror (noma ngabe bakubiza ini manje). Kazi iyiphi yalezi Izisekelo zamasosha e-668 zase-US emhlabeni wonke uzothunyelwa.
Ngokuyisisekelo sayo, impi yethu yomhlaba wonke ayinzima kangako ukuyiqonda kunokuba ungacabanga, yize kunzima ukugcina umkhondo wezitha ozothunyelwa ngemuva kwazo - noma ngabe i-al-Qaeda (“central,” al-Qaeda e-Arabian IPeninsula, eMagreb, njll.), Noma iTaliban, noma i-al-Shabab eSomalia, noma i-ISIS (aka ISIL, noma i-Islamic State), noma i-Iran, noma i-al-Nusra Front, noma umbuso kaBashar al-Assad ESiriya. Kuyavunywa, kunzima ukugcina ikhadi lamaphuzu elifanele. Ngabe amaShia noma amaSunni angamadlelandawonye ethu? Ingabe ubuSulumane esilwa nabo? Ingabe siphikisana ne-ISIS noma umbuso we-Assad noma bobabili?
Ukuthi lawa maqembu yini izindaba, kepha kukhona iphuzu eliyisisekelo ukuthi bekulula kakhulu ukukuqaphela eminyakeni yamuva nje: selokhu kwaqala impi yakuleliya lizwe e-Afghan ku-1980s (eyakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-al-Qaeda yasekuqaleni), owakwethu nabezempi izinqubomgomo zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni lezo ozothunyelwa kuzo ukulwa. Lapho usungenye yezimpikiswano ezintathu ze-75th Ranger Regiment, i-chain-of-Command izokwenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukunciphisa ezepolitiki yomhlaba kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside kweplanethi kuya ezindabeni ezincane kakhulu futhi ikususe ngobukhulu obukhulu imisebenzi: ukuqothuka kwe-boot, imibhede eyenziwe kahle, ukuhlangana ngokudubuleki ebangeni lokudubula, nezibopho zakho neRanger kwesokudla nakwesobunxele.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunzima - ngikwazi kahle lokho - kepha akunakwenzeka ukukhumbula ukuthi izenzo zakho empini zibandakanya okungaphezulu kakhulu kwanoma yini ephambi kwakho noma lapho ubuka khona izibhamu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukusebenza kwethu kwezempi emhlabeni wonke - futhi kungekudala lokho kuzosho ukuthi wena - kuveze zonke izinhlobo ze-blowback. Ngicabanga ngandlela thile, ngangithunyelwa ngo-2002 ukuyophendula nge-blowback eyadalwa yimpi yokuqala yase-Afghanistan futhi usuzothunyelwa ukuzobhekana ne-blowback eyadalwa yinguqulo yami yesibili.
Ngibhala le ncwadi ngethemba lokuthi ukukunikeza okuncane kwendaba yami kungakusiza ukuthi sikhulule isithombe esikhulu.
Ake ngiqale ngosuku lwami lokuqala “ngisemsebenzini.” Ngikhumbula ngilahla isikhwama sami se-canvas duffle onyaweni lwombhede wami eCharlie Company, futhi cishe ngokushesha ngabizelwa ehhovisi likasayitsheni wami. Ngigijime phansi ephaseji elinompheme omuhle, ngimbozwe yi "mascot" yemplatoon: isibalo esisesitayeleni seGrim-Reaper esinombhalo obomvu nomnyama webutho ngaphansi kwaso. Yazulazula njengokuthile ongakubona endlini ethwele abantu odongeni lwe-cinder block oluhlangene nehhovisi losayitsheni. Kubukeka sengathi kungibhekile njengoba ngifinyelela ukunaka emnyango wakhe, ubuhlalu bezithukuthuku ebunzini lami. “Sikhululekile… Ubekwa yini lapha, Fanning? Kungani ucabanga ukuthi kufanele ube ngumqaphi? ” Konke lokhu ukusho ngomoya wokusola.
Nginyakazisiwe, ngemuva kokumenyezelwa ngiphuma ebhasini ngawo wonke amagiya ami, nginqamula utshani obubanzi phambi kwenkambi yenkampani, nokukhuphuka izitebhisi ezintathu zokuya ekhaya lami elisha, ngaphendula ngokungabaza, “Umm, ngifuna ukusiza ukuvimbela enye i-9 / 11, USayitsheni Wokuqala. ” Kumele kuzwakale kucishe kufane nombuzo.
“Impendulo yinye kuphela kulokhu engikubuze khona nje ndodana. Lokho kusho ukuthi: ufuna ukuzwa ukuthi igazi elibomvu elifudumele lesitha sakho lehla ngommese wakho. ”
Ngokuthatha imiklomelo yakhe yezempi, izingqimba eziningi ezinde zamafolda e-manila edeskini yakhe, nezithombe zalokho okwaba yimbangela yakhe e-Afghanistan, ngithe ngezwi eliphakeme kakhulu elikhala ngokungasho lutho, okungenani kimi, “Roger, USergeant Wokuqala! ”
Wehlise ikhanda waqala ukugcwalisa ifomu. “Sesiqedile lapha,” kusho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka uma ebheka phezulu.
Impendulo yesergeant platoon yayinenkomba ehlukile yenkanuko kuyo kepha, izungezwe yiwo wonke lawo mafolda, nayo yangibuka njengomphathi. Impela umbuzo onjalo ubufanele okuthile okungaphezu kwemizuzwana embalwa engenabuntu kanye nenhlalo engiyichithe kulowo mnyango.
Yize kunjalo, ngijike ngagijimela emuva ngagijimela e-bunk yami ukuyothulula, hhayi igiya lami nje kuphela kodwa nempendulo yakhe ephazamisayo yombuzo wakhe kanye nengqondo yami yezimpama, “Roger, Okokuqala Sergeant!”. Kuze kube yilowo mzuzu, ngangingakaze ngicabange ukubulala ngale ndlela esondelene kangaka. Empeleni bengingene ngemvume ngenhloso yokuvimbela enye i-9 / 11. Ukubulala kwakungumqondo ongabonakali kimi, into engangingayibheki ngabomvu. Akungatshazwa ukuthi wayekwazi lokhu. Manje wayenzani?
Njengoba ungena empilweni yakho entsha, ake ngizame ukukhipha impendulo yakhe kanye nesipiliyoni sami njengeRanger yakho.
Ake siqale leyo nqubo engavumbulula ngobuhlanga: Lokho kwaba okokuqala futhi kwaba kwesinye sezikhathi zokugcina lapho ngizwa khona igama "isitha" ebuthini. Igama elijwayelekile egumbini lami kwakungu "Hajji." Manje, iHajji yigama lokuhlonishwa phakathi kwamaSulumane, elibhekisa kumuntu ophumelele ngempumelelo uhambo lokuya endaweni eNgcwele yeMecca eSaudi Arabia. Emasosheni ase-US, noma kunjalo, kwakuyisihlamba esasikisela okuthile okukhulu kakhulu.
Amasosha ophiko lwami avele acabanga ukuthi ukuthunywa kweqembu elincane labantu abathathe phansi iTwin Towers futhi bafaka imbobo ePentagon kungasebenza kunoma yimuphi umuntu wenkolo phakathi kwamaSulumane angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.6 kule planethi. Usayitsheni weqembu eliphakeme wayesezongisiza angingenise esimweni sokusola iqembu nalelo “sitha.” Ngangizofundiswa ulaka lwensimbi. Ubuhlungu obudalwe yi-9/11 bekufanele buboshelwe kumandla weqembu lansuku zonke weyunithi yethu. Le yindlela abazongenza ngayo ukuthi ngilwe ngempumelelo. Ngangizonqanyulwa empilweni yami yangaphambilini futhi ukubandakanyeka kwengqondo ngendlela ehlukile kwakuzobandakanyeka. Lokhu yinto okufanele uzilungiselele yona.
Uma uqala ukuzwa uhlobo olufanayo lolimi kusuka kunikeze umyalo wakho emzamweni wokuzama ukwenza abantu abebucayi ukuzama ukulwa, khumbula ukuthi I-93% yawo wonke amaSulumane ukugxekile ukuhlaselwa kwangomhlaka-9/11. Futhi labo abanozwelo bathi besaba ukuthathwa yiMelika futhi bacaphune nezizathu zepolitiki ezingezona ezenkolo zokubaxhasa.
Kepha, ukungasho lutho, njengoGeorge W. Bush kusho kusenesikhathi (bese ingaphindeki), impi yobuphekula yayicatshangwa ezindaweni eziphakeme njenge "impi yenkolo." Ngenkathi ngikuRanger, lokho kwanikezwa. Ifomula yayilula ngokwanele: i-al-Qaeda namaTaliban babemele yonke i-Islam, eyayiyisitha sethu. Manje, kulowo mdlalo wokusola iqembu, i-ISIS, ngesimo sayo sokwesaba okuncane e-Iraq naseSyria, isithathe le ndima. Cacisa futhi lokho cishe wonke amaSulumane wenqaba amaqhinga alo. Ngisho neSunnis esifundeni lapho i-ISIS isebenza khona iya ngokuya ikhula ukwenqaba iqembu. Futhi yilawo maSunnis angahle athathe i-ISIS lapho isikhathi silungile.
Uma ufuna ukuba ngokweqiniso kuwe, ungakhukhuleki kubandlululo lobuhlanga okwamanje. Umsebenzi wakho kufanele ube ukuqeda impi hhayi ukuyithuthukisa. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe lokho.
Ukuma kwesibili kuleyo nqubo yokuvula kungubuphofu: Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ekugcineni ngathunyelwa e-Afghanistan. Sahlala phakathi kwamabili. Ngenkathi iminyango eku-C-5 yethu ivuleka, iphunga lothuli, ubumba, nezithelo ezindala zagingqika esiswini saleyo ndiza. Bengilindele ukuthi izinhlamvu ziqale ukushayana ngami lapho ngishiya, kepha besiseBagram Air Base, indawo ephephe kakhulu ngonyaka we-2002.
Yeqa phambili amasonto amabili nokugibela izindiza ezinophephela emhlane futhi besisendaweni yethu yokusebenza phambili. Ngakusasa ngemuva kokufika kwethu ngathola owesimame wase-Afghanistan eshaya umdaka ophuzi ophuzi ngefosholo, bezama ukumba isihlahlana esincane esingaphandle kwendonga yamatshe yesisekelo. Ngokubhekabheka ngamehlo kwe-burqa yakhe ngivele ngithole umbono wobuso bakhe obudala. Ithimba lami lisuka kuleso sisekelo, limasha ngomgwaqo, ngethemba ukuthi (ngiyasola) ukuvusa inkathazo encane. Besizethula njengesithiyo, kepha bekungekho ukulunywa.
Lapho sibuya emahoreni ambalwa kamuva, lowo wesifazane wayesemba futhi etheza izinkuni, ngokungangabazeki ukupheka isidlo sakusihlwa somndeni wakhe ngalobo busuku. Sibe neziqhumane zethu zamabhomu, izibhamu zethu zemishini iM242 ezadubula imizuliswano engama-200 ngomzuzu, izibuko zethu zokubuka ebusuku, nokudla okuningi - konke kuvaliwe nge-vacuum futhi konke kunambitha okufanayo. Sasihlonyiselwe kangcono ukubhekana nezintaba zase-Afghanistan kunalowo wesifazane - noma kwabonakala ngathi ngaleso sikhathi. Kepha bekuyiqiniso, izwe lakhe, hhayi elethu, nobumpofu balo, njengalobo bezindawo eziningi ongazithola ukuzo, ngiyakuqinisekisa, ngeke ufane nanoma yini owake wayibona. Uzoba yingxenye yamasosha athuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe eMhlabeni futhi uzobingelelwa ngabampofu kakhulu kwabampofu. Izikhali zakho emphakathini ontulayo kangaka zizozizwa zingcolile kumazinga amaningi. Ngokwami, ngangizizwa ngiyisiqhwaga isikhathi sami esiningi e-Afghanistan.
Manje, yisikhathi sokuvula “isitha”: Isikhathi sami esiningi e-Afghanistan besithule futhi sizolile. Yebo, amarokhethi ayefika ngezikhathi ezithile ezikhungweni zethu, kepha iningi lamaTaliban lalizinikele ngesikhathi ngingena ezweni. Bengingazi ngaleso sikhathi, kepha njengo-Anand Gopal kubika encwadini yakhe ebabazekayo, Akukho Madoda Amnandi Phakathi Kwabaphilayo, impi yethu yamaqhawe amaphekula ayenelisekanga ngemibiko yokuzinikela okungenamibandela kwamaTaliban. Ngakho kwathunyelwa amayunithi afana nelami efuna “isitha.” Umsebenzi wethu bekuwukudonsela amaTaliban - noma omunye umuntu - empini.
Ngikholwe, bekukubi. Sasivame ukukhomba abantu abangenacala ngokusekelwe ekuhlakanipheni okungalungile futhi kwezinye izimo saze sabamba nabantu base-Afghanistan ababethembise ukwethembeka kumishini yase-US. Kwabaningi ababengamalungu amaTaliban, kwaba ukukhetha okusobala: ukulwa noma ukubulawa yindlala, ukuthatha izingalo futhi noma ukubanjwa ngokungahleliwe futhi mhlawumbe ubulawe noma kunjalo. Ekugcineni amaTaliban azihlanganisa futhi nanamuhla ayilo ovusayo. Ngiyazi manje ukuthi ukube ubuholi bezwe lethu bebunokuthula ngempela emqondweni, ngabe konke kuphelile e-Afghanistan ekuqaleni kwe-2002.
Uma uthunyelwa e-Iraq ngempi yethu yakamuva lapho, khumbula ukuthi inani labantu baseSunni ozobe ubheke kulo lisabela kumbuso waseShia osekelwa eBaghdad osebenze iminyaka yabo ukungcola. I-ISIS ikhona ngezinga elikhulu ngoba amalungu eqembu likaSaddam Hussein's Ba'ath abizwa ngokuthi izitha njengoba ayezama ukuzinikela ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-US kwe-2003. Abaningi babo baba nesifiso sokuphinde baphinde babe ngabantu abasebenzayo, kepha ayikho inhlanhla enjalo; bese kuthi-ke, isikhulu esibalulekile abaphathi bakwaBush basithumele eBaghdad umane udilikile Ibutho likaSaddam Hussein lalihlikihla 400,000 amabutho aya emigwaqweni ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.
Kwakuyifomula ephawulekayo yokwakha ukumelana kwelinye izwe lapho ukuzinikela kwakungekuhle ngokwanele. AbaseMelika bangaleso sikhathi babefuna ukulawula i-Iraq (kanye nezinqolobane zayo zikawoyela). Kuze kube manje, ngo-2006, basekela umphathi weziphathimandla wamaShia uNouri al-Maliki njengondunankulu esimweni lapho amasosha aseShia ayenenhloso yokuhlanza abantu baseSunni enhlokodolobha yase-Iraq.
Kunikezwe ukubusa kokwethusa okwalandela, akumangazi ukuthola izikhulu zempi zeBaathist zangaphambili izikhundla ezibalulekile ku-ISIS nakumaSunni bakhetha leyo ngubo embi njengobuncane bobubi obubili emhlabeni wayo. Futhi, isitha osithunyelwa ukuyolwa, okungenani ngokwengxenye, a umkhiqizo kokungena kwakho kwe-chain-of-Command ezweni elibusayo. Futhi khumbula ukuthi, noma ngabe yikuphi okukubi okwenzayo, lesi sitha asivezi usongo olukhona ekuphepheni kweMelika, okungenani kube njalo uthi IPhini likaMongameli uJoe Biden. Vumela lokho kungene isikhashana bese uzibuza ukuthi ungazithatha ngempela yini ngempela i-oda lakho lokumasha.
Okulandelayo, kuleyo nqubo yokuvula, cabanga ngezinto ezingezona ezempi: Lapho abantu base-Afghan abangaziwa bedubula ematendeni ethu ngeziqhumane ezindala zaseRussia, sasiqagela ukuthi amarokhethi aqhamukaphi bese sibiza iziteleka zomoya. Ukhuluma ngamabhomu angamakhilogremu angama-500. Futhi-ke izakhamizi zazizofa. Ngikholwe, yilokho ngempela okusenhliziyweni yempi yethu eqhubekayo. Noma imuphi umMelika onjengawe oya endaweni yempi kunoma iyiphi yale minyaka kungenzeka abone lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukulimala kwesibambiso." Izakhamizi ezifile lezo.
Isibalo sabangashayi eceleni ababulewe kusukela i-9 / 11 ngaphesheya kweGreater Middle East empini yethu eqhubekayo belilokhu limangalisa futhi liyesabisa. Zilungiselele, lapho ulwa, ukuthatha izakhamizi eziningi kunokuqothulwa kwangempela kwezibhamu noma “amabutho” aneziqhumane. Okungenani, isilinganiso Izakhamizi ze-174,000 ushone ngokufa okunodlame ngenxa yezimpi zase-US e-Iraq, Afghanistan, nasePakistan phakathi kwe2001 ne-Ephreli 2014. E-Iraq, ngaphezulu 70% kwalaba abashonile kubhekeke ukuthi babeyizakhamizi. Ngakho-ke zilungiselele ukubhekana nokufa okungenasidingo futhi ucabange ngabo bonke labo abalahlekelwe ngabangane namalungu omndeni kulezi zimpi, futhi nabo manje sebehlukumezekile empilweni. Abantu abaningi abake bangacabangi ngokulwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempi noma ngokuhlasela abantu baseMelika manje bayawujabulisa lo mbono. Ngamanye amagama, uzobe uqhubekisela phambili impi, uyihambisele esikhathini esizayo.
Okokugcina, kunenkululeko nentando yeningi ongayivula, uma ngempela sizothulula leso sikhwama se-duffelNali iqiniso elithokozisayo ongacabanga ngalo, uma ubusakaza inkululeko nentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke wawucabanga wena. Yize amarekhodi engaphelele kule ndaba, amaphoyisa abulale into efana naleyo 5,000 abantu bakuleli lizwe kusukela ngo-9/11 - ngaphezulu, ngamanye amazwi, kunenani lamasosha aseMelika abulawa "ngabavukeli" ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kuleyo minyaka efanayo, izimpahla ezinjengeRanger namanye amasosha aseMelika zibulale abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke, zikhomba abantu abampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Futhi ingabe kukhona amaphekula ambalwa nxazonke? Ngabe konke lokhu kunengqondo kakhulu kuwe?
Lapho ngibhalisela ubusosha, nganginethemba lokwenza umhlaba ongcono. Esikhundleni salokho ngisize ukuyenza ibe yingozi kakhulu. Ngangisanda kuqeda ekolishi. Benginethemba lokuthi, ngokuzithandela, ngizothola ezinye izimali mboleko zami zabafundi ezikhokhelwayo. Njengani, bengifuna usizo olusebenzayo, kepha futhi nencazelo. Bengifuna ukwenza kahle ngomndeni wami nezwe lami. Uma ngibheka emuva, kucace ngokwanele kimi ukuthi ukuntula kwami ulwazi ngomsebenzi esasiwenza kwakungikhaphela - kanye nawe nathi.
Nginibhalela ikakhulukazi ngoba ngifuna nazi ukuthi akukephuzi kakhulu ukushintsha umqondo. Ngenzile. Ngaba ngumphikisi wempi ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kwami okwesibili e-Afghanistan ngazo zonke izizathu engizisho ngenhla. Ekugcineni ngakhipha izimpahla, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ukushiya ebusosheni kwaba ngesinye sezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu kodwa ezanelisa kakhulu empilweni yami. Inhloso yami ukuthatha lokho engikufunde ebusosheni ngikulethe ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme nakwabafundi basekolishi njengohlobo lwabaphikisi. Kunomsebenzi omningi okufanele wenziwe, uma unikezwa Abaqaphi bezempi be-10,000 e-US esebenza nge $ 700 million isabelomali sokukhangisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izingane zidinga ukuzwa izinhlangothi zombili.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ncwadi iyindawo okweqa kuyo. Futhi uma, nganoma yiliphi ithuba, ungakasayini leyo nkontileka ye-Option 40 okwamanje, awudingi. Ungaba yi-counter-recruiter esebenzayo ngaphandle kokuba ngumfana owayengusosha. Abantu abasha kuleli lonke badinga kakhulu amandla akho, isifiso sakho sokuhamba phambili, ukufuna kwakho incazelo. Ungayimoshi e-Iraq noma e-Afghanistan noma e-Yemen noma eSomalia noma kwenye indawo lapho iMpi Yomhlaba Wonke Yesabekayo kungenzeka ikuthumele khona.
Njengoba besijwayele ukusho kuRanger…
Hola indlela,
Rory Fanning
I-Rory Fanning, a TomDispatch Njalo, uhambe ngezinyawo e-United States wePat Tillman Foundation e2008-2009, kulandela ukuthunyelwa kabili e-Afghanistan ne-2nd Army Ranger Battalion. UFanning waba ngumuntu owenqaba ngenxa kanembeza ngemuva kohambo lwakhe lwesibili. Ungumbhali we Ukulwa Okufanelekayo: Ukuhamba Kokulwa Kwezempi Ukuphuma Kwezempi NaseMelika (I-Haymarket, i-2014).
Landela TomDispatch ku-Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka iDispatch Book entsha, kaRebecca Solnit Amadoda Chaza Izinto Ngami, nencwadi yakamuva kaTom Engelhardt, I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla.
I-copyright 2015 i-Rory Fanning
