Ngo-Lawrence S. Wittner, i-PeaceVoice
Njengamanje, ukukhishwa kwezikhali zenuzi kubonakala sengathi kuzomiswa. Izizwe eziyisishiyagalolunye zinengqikithi cishe Impi ye-nuclear ye-15,500 ezinqolobaneni zabo zezikhali, kuhlanganise ne-7,300 ephethwe yiRussia kanye ne-7,100 ye-United States. Isivumelwano saseRussia neMelika sokuqhubeka nokunciphisa amandla abo enuzi kube nzima ukusivikela ngenxa yokungabi nantshisekelo kweRussia kanye nokumelana neRiphabhulikhi.
Nokho ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi kusabalulekile, ngoba, inqobo nje uma izikhali zenuzi zisekhona, kungenzeka ukuthi zizosetshenziswa. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka kuliwa izimpi, kunezikhali ezinamandla kakhulu ezivame ukwenziwa. Izikhali zenuzi zasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokungabaza uhulumeni wase-US ngo-1945 futhi, nakuba zingakaqashwa empini kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, singalindela ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani ngaphandle kokuba ziphinde ziphonswe ohulumeni abanobutha?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma ohulumeni begwema ukuzisebenzisa empini, isekhona ingozi yokuqhuma kwazo amaphekula ashiseka ngokweqile noma ngengozi nje. Ngaphezu kwe izingozi eziyinkulungwane okubandakanya izikhali zenuzi zase-US kwenzeka phakathi kuka-1950 no-1968 kuphela. Eziningi zaziwubala, kodwa ezinye zazingaba yinhlekelele. Yize lingekho ibhomu lenuzi elethulwe ngephutha, imicibisholo ejikijelwayo, nama-warheads - okunye kwakho okungakaze kutholakale - kuqhume, kungenzeka singabi nenhlanhla ngokuzayo.
Futhi, izinhlelo zezikhali zenuzi zibiza kakhulu. Njengamanje, uhulumeni wase-US uhlela ukusebenzisa $ 1 isigidintathu eminyakeni engu-30 ezayo ukulungisa yonke indawo yezikhali zenuzi yase-US. Ingabe lokhu kuyathengeka ngempela? Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezempi vele kuyahlafuna 54 amaphesenti ekusetshenzisweni kokuzikhethela kukahulumeni wobumbano, enye isigidigidi esingu-$1 yezigidigidi zezikhali zenuzi “ezesimanje” ibonakala ingase iphume kunoma yini esele manje yokuxhasa imfundo yomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi, nezinye izinhlelo zasekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezikhali zenuzi emazweni engeziwe kuseyingozi njalo. I-nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) ka-1968 yayiyisivumelwano phakathi kwezizwe ezingezona ezenuzi kanye nezizwe ezihlome ngezikhali zenuzi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali zenuzi okwakushiya phambili ngenkathi lezi zamuva ziqeda izikhali zenuzi. Kodwa ukugcinwa kwemibuso yenuzi kwezikhali zenuzi kuqeda ukuzimisela kwezinye izizwe ukuthobela lesi sivumelwano.
Ngokuphambene, ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi okuqhubekayo kuzoholela ezinzuzweni zangempela e-United States. Ukuncipha okukhulu kwezikhali zenuzi eziyi-2,000 zase-US ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke kuzonciphisa izingozi zenuzi futhi konge uhulumeni wase-US imali eningi engaxhasa izinhlelo zasekhaya noma ivele ibuyiselwe kubakhokhi bentela abajabule. Futhi, ngalokhu kukhombisa inhlonipho ngezivumelwano ezenziwe ngaphansi kwe-NPT, amazwe angewona awenuzi ngeke athambekele kancane ekuqaliseni izinhlelo zezikhali zenuzi.
Ukwehliswa kwezikhali zenuzi e-US okuhlangene kuzophinde kudale izingcindezi zokulandela ukuhola kwe-US. Uma uhulumeni wase-US ememezela ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi, ngenkathi ephonsa inselelo i-Kremlin ukuthi yenze okufanayo, lokho kungaphoxa uhulumeni waseRussia ngaphambi kombono womphakathi womhlaba, ohulumeni bezinye izizwe, kanye nomphakathi wabo. Ekugcineni, ngokuningi ongakuzuza nokulahlekelwa okuncane ngokuzibandakanya ekwehliseni izikhali zenuzi, i-Kremlin ingase iqale ukuzenza nayo.
Abamelene nokuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi baphikisa ngokuthi izikhali zenuzi kumelwe zigcinwe, ngoba zisebenza “njengesithiyo.” Kodwa ingabe ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi kusebenza ngempela? uRonald Reagan, omunye womongameli baseMelika abagxile kakhulu kwezempi, wakuchitha ngokuphindaphindiwe izinkulumo ezingenangqondo zokuthi izikhali zenuzi zase-U. Futhi, amazwe angewona awenuzi aye alwa izimpi eziningi nemibuso yenuzi (kuhlanganise ne-United States neSoviet Union) kusukela ngo-1945. Kungani engazange adikibale?
Yiqiniso, ukucabanga okuningi kokuvimbela kugxile ekuphepheni nyukliya ukuhlasela okusolwa izikhali zenuzi. Kodwa, empeleni, izikhulu zikahulumeni wase-US, naphezu kobuningi bezikhali zenuzi, azibonakali zivikelekile kakhulu. Singakuchaza kanjani okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo okukhulu ohlelweni lokuvikela imicibisholo? Futhi, kungani bekhathazeke kangaka ngohulumeni wase-Iranian ukuthola izikhali zenuzi? Phela, ukuphatha kukahulumeni wase-US izinkulungwane zezikhali zenuzi kufanele kubaqinisekise ukuthi akumele bakhathazeke ngokutholwa kwezikhali zenuzi yi-Iran nanoma yisiphi esinye isizwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe ukuvinjwa kwenyukliya enza umsebenzi, kungani iWashington idinga izikhali zenuzi ezifakwe i-2,000 ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo? A Ucwaningo lwe-2002 waphetha ngokuthi, uma kuphela izikhali zenuzi ze-300 zase-US zisetshenziselwa ukuhlasela izinhloso zaseRussia, amaRussia ayizigidi ezingu-90 (kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-144) azofa engxenyeni yokuqala yehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyangeni ezalandela, umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa ukuhlasela wawuyophumela ekufeni kweningi labasindile ngenxa yamanxeba, izifo, ukuchayeka, nendlala. Ngokuqinisekile akekho uhulumeni waseRussia noma omunye ongathola lokhu kuwumphumela owamukelekayo.
Lo mthamo we-overkill cishe uchaza ukuthi kungani I-US Joint Chiefs of Staff cabanga ukuthi izikhali zenuzi ezisetshenzisiwe eziyi-1,000 zanele ukuvikela ukuphepha kwezwe lase-US. Ingase futhi ichaze ukuthi kungani ingekho eminye kwemibuso eyisikhombisa yenuzi (iBrithani, iFrance, iChina, i-Israel, i-India, iPakistan neNyakatho Korea) ezihlupha ngokugcina okungaphezu kwalokho. Izikhali zenuzi ze-300.
Nakuba isenzo sohlangothi olulodwa sokunciphisa izingozi zenuzi singase sizwakale sesabisa, siye sathathwa izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Uhulumeni waseSoviet wamisa ngokungananazi ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi ngo-1958 futhi, futhi, ngo-1985. Kusukela ngo-1989, waqala nokususa imicibisholo yawo yezikhali zenuzi eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngokufanayo, uhulumeni wase-US, ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukamongameli waseMelika uGeorge HW Bush, wenza unilaterally ukususa zonke izikhali zenuzi zebanga elifushane zase-US, ezethulwe phansi ezivela eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye nazo zonke izikhali zenuzi zebanga elifushane emikhunjini ye-US Navy emhlabeni jikelele-ukusikwa okuphelele kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zezikhali zenuzi.
Ngokusobala, ukuxoxisana ngesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe esavimbela futhi sacekela phansi zonke izikhali zenuzi kungaba indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeda izingozi zenuzi. Kodwa lokho akudingekile ukuba kuvimbele ukuba kuthathwe ezinye izinyathelo eziwusizo endleleni.
