Grant Pine eThempelini laseZojoji, etshalwe nguMongameli WaseMelika ngaleso sikhathi u-Ulysses S. Grant endaweni engcwele yomndeni wakwaTokugawa.
NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Okthoba 25, 2021
INkosana u-Iyesato Tokugawa waseJapan kufanele mhlawumbe abe nesithakazelo kithi njengamanje kunenkosazana yaseJapane eshada no “commoner” njengamanje, noma ama-movie aseHollywood agxile kakhulu ezikhathini zobudlova emlandweni ukuthi manje sebenabalingisi abadubula abaculi bamabhayisikobho.
Ngathunyelelwa incwadi ethi “The Art of Diplomacy: Fifty Years of Secret US-Japan Relations Revealed” nguStan Katz. Kuncane uma kukhona okuyimfihlo kuyo. Igxuma izungeze ngokulandelana kwezikhathi kangangokuthi angazi noma cishe iminyaka engama-50. Icaphuna imithombo eyinqaba noma ayikho, ayinazo iziphetho, ihlanganisa ulwazi olungamanga amangalisayo (njengencazelo eqanjiwe yalokho okuku-Kellogg-Briand Pact, okungenzeka ukuthi yalungiswa emizuzwini emi-2 ngokufunda i-Kellogg-Briand Pact), futhi ibhaliwe. njengengxube yeqiniso, umbono, nesaga mbumbulu saphakade (“Kubonakala kuwukuphikisana, kodwa ukuze kugcinwe ukuthula, isizwe asifisi ukubonakala sibuthakathaka noma sisengozini.” Ngempela? Isizwe? Sinezifiso? Iziphi isizwe? Kubuphi ubuchopho?), kodwa isihloko asinakuvinjwa, ngokusobala sinakiwe ngendlela exakile, futhi umzamo wokuletha ukunaka kwaso emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 uncomeka kakhulu.
ISenethi yase-US ibonakala ihlose ukukhothama phambi kweNkosana u-Biden futhi ithumele u-Rahm Emanuel njengeNxusa laseMelika eJapan, ngenhloso yokuthengisa izikhali eziningi nokwakha usongo olukhulu lwempi eChina. INkosana uTokugawa wayengowenkathi ehlukile, lapho uJoseph Grew, usomlomo ohlakaniphile futhi ofundile futhi onolwazi wakhonza - futhi empeleni kwakuyinkonzo - njengeNxusa laseMelika eJapan. Ngenkathi amasosha aseJapan ehlasela futhi ecwilisa umkhumbi wase-US ngo-1937, uTokugawa noGrew benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze bagweme impi, futhi - kungaba ngemizamo yabo, noma ngenxa yokuthi uFranklin Roosevelt wayengayifuni impi okwamanje - ukuthula kwagcinwa. (UGrew uphinde waxwayisa uhulumeni wase-US mayelana nePearl Harbor, nakuba izexwayiso zakhe zishaywa indiva, futhi manje sekuwumsebenzi wokushisekela izwe ukuqhubeka ungazinaki.)
UTokugawa wafa ngo-June 1940, futhi ngo-September iJapane yayisihambisana neJalimane ne-Italy. Ukuthi ukufa kukaTokugawa kwaba okuwujuqu kangakanani kulokho kwakuzodinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Ngokusobala, umshikashika phakathi koklebe namajuba kuhulumeni waseJapane nowase-United States kwase kuyiminyaka usondela ekunqobeni okukhulu koklebe. Kuyacaca ukuthi sesineminyaka manje siphila ngenqubo efanayo, nakuba i-Japan ne-United States zihlangene ngokumelene ne-China kunokuba i-China ne-United States ihlangene ngokumelene ne-Japan. Isiphetho esixakile sikaStan Katz sokuthi ukubusa kuka-Obama no-Abe e-US naseJapan bekuzobonwa nguTokugawa njengokufezeka kwamaphupho akhe kuphuthelwa ukuqedwa kweSigaba 9 sokwenqatshelwa kwempi kuMthethosisekelo waseJapan, i-pivot eya e-Asia, impi. kuwo wonke ama-intshi okugcina e-Okinawa, izisekelo ezintsha zase-US ezizungeze iPacific, ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwezikhali, kanye nokujwayela okujwayelekile kwe-hyper-militarization eqhutshwa u-Abe no-Obama - ingasaphathwa eyabalandela.
INkosana Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940) wayeyindlalifa yeShoguns eyabusa eJapan kusukela ngo-1603 kuya ku-1868, efundiswe e-Eton, uMongameli wendlu engaphezulu yePhalamende laseJapane iminyaka engu-30, umeluleki kanye nomeluleki obalulekile ku-Emperor Hirohito, umhambi womhlaba kanye nediplomat. , umgqugquzeli obalulekile weNgqungquthela Yasemikhumbini Yasemanzini yaseWashington ka-1921-1922 (ingqungquthela yokuqala yamazwe ngamazwe yokunciphisa izingalo, eyavulwa ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva koSuku Lwezikhali, futhi yaba nempumelelo enkulu, naphezu kokuba i-US yahlola ithimba laseJapane kanye nesakhiwo sezimboni sezempi esikhulayo esisebenza izintuba). U-Tokugawa wayengummeli ongaguquki wokuthula amashumi eminyaka, futhi engumholi ekukhuthazeni i-Rotary Club, i-Red Cross, nezinhlelo eziningi zokushintshisana ngamasiko, okuhlanganisa isipho sezihlahla zama-cherry e-Washington DC kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhosi ozizungezile. I-Prince Tokugawa yasungula i-orchestra yokuqala yama-symphony yaseJapane, yenza imibukiso yobuciko baseJapane e-United States, yasungula izinhlelo zokushintshanisa abafundi phakathi kwe-US ne-Japan, futhi yabamba ingqungquthela yomhlaba wonke yezemfundo, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Wafuna isiko lokuthula ngenkathi ephikisana nokuqothulwa kohlanga lwase-Armenia kanye nokwanda kwe-antisemitism. Ubeyisikhulumi esiqavile ku-Rotary International’s 25th Anniversary Convention ngo-1930.
Ngisho neminyaka yakhe yokugcina, ngisho nase-United States, uTokugawa wakhuluma ngokumelene nezinsongo zempi, ekhuthaza ukuthula ngokuthi kunzima ukuthola noma yiliphi iphutha. Ngosuku lwe-Armistice 1934 wahlanganyela no-Nicholas Murray Butler ekusakazeni umsakazo womhlaba wonke. I-CBS ikhuthaza ukuthula phakathi “komndeni wezizwe” womhlaba. U-Tokugawa waze wazama ukuhlangana noWilliam Randolph Hearst emzamweni wokunciphisa "intatheli" ye-pro-war - ukuthi iyiphi impumelelo engacacile. Abasakazi benkulumo-ze baseShayina kuhlangene nezithakazelo zezikhali kanye nokuzimisela kwe-FDR ukuthola indlela yokungena empini yaseYurophu kwakungamandla anamandla.
The Los Angeles Times ka-March 21, 1934, ekhasini 22, ngokukaKatz, yayihlanganisa ikholomu—akasho ukuthi yenziwe ngubani, kodwa kufanele kube lapha uma uyikhokhela (angikayikhokhi) - lokho kusho:
“UMntwana uTokugawa ukhuluma ulimi lokukhanyisela nokuqonda uma ethi asikho isizathu sokungqubuzana phakathi kweMelika neJapan. Cishe futhi uqinisile esitatimendeni sakhe sokuthi iningi labantu baseJapane lifisa ukuthula, njengoba eqinisile lapho ethi iningi labantu baseMelika liyakufuna. I-jingoism kuwo womabili la mazwe kanye nokwesaba okubabangelayo okuyingozi ekuthuleni. Kuze kube manje njengoba amakheli akhe eqeda ukwesaba, uMntwana u-Tokugawa wenza inkonzo ehlukile ngalolu hambo. Umbiko wakhe ezweni lakubo walokho akubona lapha kufanele unqobe i-jingoism enhle. Uma umshini wokunyathelisa i-Hearst lapha kanye [okulingana nawo] kwaseJapane bekungathuliswa umbono womphakathi, konke ukungezwani phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili bekuyoshabalala ngokushesha.”
Izinto zishintsha kakhulu. . . .
