Ngu-Odile Hugonot Haber, May 5, 2020
Kusukela League International International for Peace and Freedom
I-United Nations General Assembly (i-UNGA) iqale yagunyaza isimemo sokusungulwa kweNdawo Ekhululekile Yezikhali Zenuzi (i-NWFZ) esinqumweni esavunywa ngoZibandlela we-1974, kulandela isiphakamiso se-Iran ne-Egypt. Kusukela ngo-1980 kuya ku-2018, leso sinqumo sasiphasiswe minyaka yonke, ngaphandle kwevoti le-UNGA. Ukugunyazwa kwalesi siphakamiso kufakwe nasezinqumweni eziningi ze-UN Security Council. Ngo-1991, i-United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 yagunyaza umgomo wokusungulwa kwe-Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone (WMDFZ) esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Ngo-2010, isithembiso se-WMDFZ sabonakala singase sivele, lapho uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN ebiza inqubekela phambili emgomweni futhi evumela umbono wokuthi zonke izifunda esifundeni zihlangane ukuze zidingide lo mbono engqungqutheleni ye-UN Middle East e-Helsinki Disemba 2012. Nakuba i-Iran yavuma ukuba khona engqungqutheleni, u-Israel wenqaba, futhi i-United States yawukhansela umcimbi ngaphambi nje kokuba ube.
Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGOs) zabiza ingqungquthela eHaifa ngo-December 5-6, 2013, zithi “uma u-Israyeli engayi eHelsinki, iHelsinki izoza kwa-Israyeli.” Amanye amalungu e-Knesset abekhona. UTadatoshi Akiba, uprofesa wezibalo nowayengumphathi-dolobha waseHiroshima owayemelele inhlangano yaseJapane ethi “Ngeke Ngiphinde,” wakhuluma kulengqungquthela. Okungenani amalungu amabili e-WILPF US abekhona eHaifa, uJackie Cabasso kanye nami. Sobabili uJackie Cabasso kanye nami sabhala imibiko evela ku- Ukukhishwa kwentwasahlobo/Ihlobo lika-2014 of Ukuthula Nenkululeko ("I-USA Ayitholakali Ngesenzo Ngezikhali Zenuzi," i-10-11; "Ingqungquthela yase-Haifa: ama-Israels Dweba Umugqa eSand Over Nukes, 24-25).
Kusukela ngo-2013, uMongameli Obama waqala izingxoxo zesivumelwano sesikhashana phakathi kwe-Iran ne-P5+1 (i-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Russia, i-France, ne-Germany, ne-European Union). Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-20 zezingxoxo, i-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)—eyaziwa nangokuthi “i-Iran Nuclear Deal”—yamukelwa njengohlaka lokugcina ngo-April. Isivumelwano senuzi esiwumlando samukelwe ngokusemthethweni yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene futhi sasayinwa e-Vienna ngoJulayi 14, 2015. Sikhawulele uhlelo lwe-Iran Nuclear futhi safaka nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kukhishwe unswinyo.
Ukuze uthole i-akhawunti enemininingwane yomlando, bheka lokhu Umugqa wesikhathi we-Nuclear Diplomacy ne-Iran evela kuNhlangano Yokulawula Izikhali.
Thina kwa-WILPF US seseka izingxoxo nesivumelwano, futhi sakhipha a isitatimende ngomhla ka-8/4/2015 eyashicilelwa futhi yasatshalaliswa ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa okufanayo kwe-NPT e-Vienna.
Besinethemba lokuqhubekela phambili kulolu daba engqungqutheleni eyalandela ye-Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review eba njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa emhlanganweni wango-2015, izinhlangano zombuso azikwazanga ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ebesizoqhubekisela phambili umsebenzi wokungabhebhetheki nokuncishiswa kwezikhali eMiddle East. Noma yimuphi umnyakazo oya phambili uvinjwe ngokuphelele ngoba abakwazanga ukufinyelela kunoma yisiphi isivumelwano.
Kwathi ngoMeyi 3, 2018, uMongameli uTrump wamemezela ukuthi i-US iyaphuma esivumelwaneni sase-Iran futhi unswinyo lwase-US lwaphinde lwafakwa futhi lwaqina. Naphezu kokuphikiswa kweYurophu, i-US yaphuma ngokuphelele esivumelwaneni.
Naphezu kwalokhu, okwakamuva idokhumenti ehlanganisa imihlangano evela kwiZizwe Ezihlangene isinike ithemba lokuthi kukhona okusazoqhubeka:
Isithunywa se-United Arab Emirate besilindele umphumela omuhle eNgqungqutheleni Yokusungulwa Kwendawo Ephakathi YaseMpumalanga Engenazo Izikhali Zenuzi nezinye Izikhali Zokucekela Phansi, ezoba kusukela mhla ziyi-18 kuya zingama-22 kuLwezi [2019] eNdlunkulu. Umeme zonke izinhlangano zesifunda ukuthi zibambe iqhaza emzamweni wazo wokwenza isivumelwano esibophezelayo esizovimbela izikhali zenuzi kuso sonke isifunda. Enanela lowo mbono, omele i-Indonesia uthe ukuzuza indawo enjalo kuwumzamo obalulekile futhi wacela ukubamba iqhaza okugcwele nokuphusile kweMibuso esifundeni.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kusukela muva nje, “[o]n 5 Januwari 2020, ngemuva kwe I-Airstrike yase-Baghdad Airport eyayiqondise futhi yabulala ujenene wase-Iran Qassem Soleimani, i-Iran imemezele ukuthi ngeke isakwazi ukuthobela imikhawulo yesivumelwano kodwa izoqhubeka nokusebenzisana ne-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) okushiya obala ithuba lokuthi iphinde iqale ukuthobela umthetho.” (Ukusuka Ikhasi le-Wikipedia kuHlelo Lokusebenza Oluphelele Oluhlangene, ebhekisela ku-BBC yangomhla zi-5 kuJanuwari 2020, "I-Iran ihoxisa izibopho zesivumelwano senuzi".)
Ngokufanayo Idokhumenti yemihlangano ye-UN, ummeleli we-United States (uJohn A. Bravaco) wathi izwe lakhe “liyawusekela umgomo wokuba IMpumalanga Ephakathi Engenayo izikhali ezibhubhisayo, kodwa imizamo yokufezekisa lokho kumelwe iqhutshwe yizo zonke izifundazwe ezithintekayo ngendlela ehlanganisayo, ngokubambisana nangokuhlanganyela. indlela esekelwe ekuvumelaneni ecabangela ukukhathazeka kwabo kwezokuphepha." Ubuye wengeza wathi, "Uma kungabikho ukubamba iqhaza kwawo wonke amazwe esifunda, i-United States ngeke ize kuleyo ngqungquthela futhi izothatha noma yimuphi umphumela njengongekho emthethweni."
Kulokhu, singaqonda ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi u-Israyeli aqhubekele phambili kulolu daba, akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka. Khumbula ukuthi izishoshovu zakwa-Israel zazinethemba lokuthutha abantu bakwa-Israel futhi zazihlele emigwaqweni yaseTel Aviv kanye nokuhlela izingqungquthela ezifana ne-Haifa.
Kodwa embhalweni we-UN, isitatimende sommeli wakwa-Israel sithi: “Inqobo nje uma isiko lokungalandeli imithetho yokulawulwa kwezikhali kanye nezivumelwano zokungabhebhetheki kwezikhali zisaqhubeka eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ngeke kwenzeke ukugqugquzela noma iyiphi inqubo yesifunda yokuncishiswa kwezikhali.” Uthe, “Sisesikebheni esisodwa futhi kumele sisebenzisane ukuze sifinyelele ogwini oluphephile.”
Ngaphambi kokuthi i-WMDFZ ibe udaba lwamazwe ngamazwe, kumele iqhutshwe ngamazwe endawo futhi ithuthukiswe ngokwezifunda. Kuzothatha isikhathi ukwakha phezu kwezidingo ezisobala kanye nokuthuthukisa isiko elinembe kakhulu lokuhlola namabhalansi, lapho ukuqinisekiswa kufanele kwenzeke khona. Esimeni samanje sempi nezikhali, akunakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa le ngqalasizinda. Yingakho izishoshovu eziningi manje sicindezela ukuba kube nengqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe yokuthula eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Intuthuko yakamuva enhle ukuthi ngo-Okthoba 10, 2019, i-United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) yethula iphrojekthi yayo "nge-Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone (WMDFZ)" emaphethelweni eseshini yamanje ye- IKomidi Lokuqala Lokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali.
Ngokombiko othile Umbiko wabezindaba we-UN mayelana nokwethulwa kwephrojekthi, “UDkt. U-Renata Dwan, umqondisi we-UNIDIR uvule umcimbi ngokuchaza lolu hlelo olusha lweminyaka emithathu locwaningo nokuthi luhlose kanjani ukufaka isandla emizamweni yokubhekana nezikhali ezisongela ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu kanye nezinselelo.”
Ingqungquthela elandelayo Yokubuyekeza i-NPT (ehlelelwe u-April-May 2020) isizofika maduze, nakuba ingase ibambezeleke noma ibanjwe ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19. Noma nini, noma kunjalo, zonke izigaba ze-WILPF ezingama-50 emhlabeni wonke zidinga ukucindezela abameleli bethu be-UN ukuthi baqhubekisele phambili lolu daba.
U-Genie Silver weKomidi laseMpumalanga Ephakathi uselubhalile kakade lolu hlelo incwadi elandelayo kwiNxusa lase-United States uJeffrey Eberhardt ovela ku-WILPF US. Amagatsha e-WILPF angasebenzisa ulimi olukule ncwadi ukubhala ezakho izincwadi nokufundisa umphakathi ngalolu daba olubalulekile.
U-Odile Hugonot Haber ungusihlalo ngokubambisana weKomidi le-Middle East le-Women's International League for Peace and Freedom futhi usesikhundleni World BEYOND War ibhodi labaqondisi.
