I-KARMA YOKUPHAKATHI: INGXOXO NO-ANN WRIGHT

Ingxoxo elandelayo iphrintwe kabusha ngemvume evela ku-Inquiring Mind: I-Semiannual Journal of the Vipassana Community, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Spring 2014). © 2014 ngungqondongqondo obuzayo.

Sikukhuthaza ukuthi u-ode ikhophi yodaba lwe-Inquiring Mind's Spring 2014 "Impi Nokuthula", ehlola ukucabangela kanye nezempi, ukungabi nabudlova, nezindikimba ezihlobene ngokombono wamaBuddha. Ukukhishwa kwesampula nokubhaliselwe kunikezwa ngesisekelo sokukhokha--what--you---ungakwazi ku-www.inquiringmind.com. Sicela usekele umsebenzi Wengqondo Ebuzayo!

I-KARMA YOKUPHAKATHI:

INGXOXO NO-ANN WRIGHT

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi esebuthweni lezempi lase-US elandelwa uMnyango Wezangaphandle, u-Ann Wright manje useyisishoshovu sokuthula okwathi ukwesula kwakhe okubalulekile eMnyangweni Wezwe LaseMelika kwathonywa izimfundiso zobuBuddha. Uyizwi eliyingqayizivele ezindabeni zempi nokuthula. U-Wright usebenze iminyaka eyishumi nantathu ebuthweni Lezempi LaseMelika kanye neminyaka eyishumi nesithupha e-Army Reserves, wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba nguColonel. Ngemuva kombutho wamasosha, usebenze iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha eMnyangweni Wezwe emazweni asuka e-Uzbekistan aya eGrenada futhi njengePhini LeNhloko Yezithunywa (iPhini Lenxusa) ezindlini zamanxusa aseMelika e-Afghanistan, eSierra Leone, eMicronesia naseMongolia. NgoMashi 2003 wayengomunye wabasebenzi abathathu bakahulumeni wobumbano, zonke izikhulu zoMnyango Wezwe, ezasula ngenxa yokuphikisa impi yase-Iraq. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, u-Wright ukhulume ngesibindi ngezindaba eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa amandla enuzi nezikhali, iGaza, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuboshwa okungapheli, Ijele laseGuantanamo kanye nama-drones ababulali. Ubushoshovu bukaWright, okuhlanganisa izingxoxo, izinkambo zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokungalaleli komphakathi, kube namandla athile enhlanganweni yokuthula. Izishoshovu ezikanye naye eziqiniswe ukumela kwakhe zingagomela, njengoba ekubeka, “Nangu umuntu osechithe iminyaka eminingi yempilo yakhe esebuthweni lezempi kanye nezinhlaka zezikhulu futhi manje uzimisele ukukhuluma ngokuthula futhi aphonse inselelo umqondo iMelika okudingeka ibe nawo. impi ukuze ibe amandla abusayo emhlabeni.”

UWright usebenza nezinhlangano ezifana neVeterans for Peace, Code Pink: Women for Peace, kanye nesenzo sokuthula. Kepha ethatha isizinda sakhe kwezempi kanye namasosha ase-US, ukhuluma njengezwi elizimele.

Abahleli Bengqondo Ebuzayo u-Alan Senauke noBarbara Gates baxoxisane no-Ann Wright nge-Skype ngoNovemba 2013.

UMQONDO WOKUBUZA: Ukusula kwakho eMnyangweni Wezwe LaseMelika ngo-2003 ngokumelene neMpi Yase-Iraq kwaqondana nokuqala kwakho ukufunda ngeBuddhism. Sitshele ukuthi waba kanjani nesithakazelo kuBuddhism nokuthi ukufunda ngobuBuddha kukuthonye kanjani ukucabanga kwakho.

U-ANN WRIGHT: Ngesikhathi ngisula ngangiyiPhini LeNhloko Yehhovisi LeNxusa LaseMelika eMongolia. Ngase ngiqalile ukufunda imibhalo yobuBuddha ukuze ngiqonde kangcono izisekelo ezingokomoya zomphakathi waseMongolia. Lapho ngifika eMongolia, kwase kuyiminyaka eyishumi leli zwe seliphumile endaweni yaseSoviet. AmaBuddha

babemba izinsalela imikhaya yabo eyayizingcwabe emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili lapho amaSoviet ebhubhisa amathempeli amaBuddha.

Ngangingakaze ngibone ngaphambi kokuba ngifike eMongolia izinga ubuBuddha babuyingxenye yokuphila kwezwe ngaphambi kokuthatha iSoviet ngo-1917. Ngaphambi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukushintshana komcabango wamaBuddha phakathi kweMongolia neTibet kwakukhulu; eqinisweni, igama elithi Dalai Lama liyibinzana lesiMongolia elisho “Ulwandle Lokuhlakanipha.”

Nakuba iningi lama-lama nezindela labulawa phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kusukela amaSoviet ayeka ukubusa ezweni, abantu abaningi baseMongolia babefunda ngenkolo okwase kuyisikhathi eside inqatshelwe; kwasungulwa amathempeli amasha kanye nezikole eziqinile zezokwelapha zamaBuddha nezobuciko.

I-Ulan Bator, inhloko-dolobha nalapho ngangihlala khona, yayingesinye sezikhungo zezokwelapha zaseTibet. Noma nini lapho nginomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ngangiya ekhemisi lasethempelini ngiyobona ukuthi odokotela bakhona bazongitusa ini, futhi ezingxoxweni zami nezindela kanye nezakhamuzi zaseMongolia ezazisiza ekuphatheni ikhemisi, ngafunda ngezici ezihlukahlukene zobuBuddha. Ngaphinde ngathatha ikilasi lakusihlwa leBuddhism futhi ngenza ukufundwa okunconyiwe. Cishe akumangazi kumaBuddha amaningi, kwakubonakala sengathi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ngivula incwajana ochungechungeni olulodwa lokufunda, kuzoba nokuthile okwakufana nokuthi, oh, kuhle kangakanani ukuthi lokhu kufundwa kukhuluma nami.

IM: Yiziphi izimfundiso ezakhuluma nawe?

AW: Amapheshana ahlukahlukene obuBuddha abe nokungisiza okukhulu ngesikhathi senkulumompikiswano yami yangaphakathi yokuthi ngingakusingatha kanjani ukungezwani kwami ​​kwenqubomgomo nabaphathi bakaBush. Okunye ukuphawula kwangikhumbuza ukuthi zonke izenzo zinemiphumela, yokuthi izizwe, njengabantu ngabanye, ekugcineni zithweswe icala ngezenzo zazo.

Ikakhulukazi, amazwi e-Dalai Lama ka-September 2002 “eSikhumbuzweni Sokukhumbula Iminyaka Yokuqala Yango-September 11, 2001” ayebalulekile ezingxoxweni zami nge-Iraq futhi afaneleka nakakhulu endleleni yethu yokubhekana neMpi Yomhlaba Wonke Yobuphekula. I-Dalai Lama yathi, “Izingxabano aziqhamuki nje. Zenzeka ngenxa yezimbangela nezimo, eziningi zazo ezingaphansi kolawulo lwabaphikisi. Yilapho ubuholi bubalulekile khona. Ubuphekula abunakunqotshwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngoba abuxazululi izinkinga eziwumsuka. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungase kungahluleki nje kuphela ukuxazulula izinkinga, kungase kuzibhebhethekise; kuvame ukushiya ukucekelwa phansi nokuhlupheka
ukuvuka kwayo.”

IM: Wayekhomba izimfundiso ngesizathu

AW: Yebo, udaba lwembangela nomphumela abaphathi bakaBush abangazange baluvume. I-Dalai Lama iveze ukuthi i-United States kumele ibheke izizathu zokuthi kungani u-bin Ladin kanye nenethiwekhi yakhe beletha udlame eMelika. Ngemva kweMpi YaseGulf I, u-bin Laden wayememezele emhlabeni ukuthi kungani ethukuthelele iMelika: Izizinda zamasosha ase-US zasala eSaudi Arabia "ezweni elingcwele le-Islam" kanye nokuchema kwe-US ku-Israyeli engxabanweni ye-Israel-Palestine.

Lezi yizimbangela ezingakavunywa uhulumeni wase-US njengezizathu zokuthi kungani abantu beqhubeka nokulimaza abantu baseMelika kanye “nezintshisekelo zaseMelika.” Kuyindawo eyimpumputhe ku-

Uhulumeni waseMelika ubheka umhlaba, futhi ngokudabukisayo ngiyesaba ukuthi indawo eyimpumputhe emiqondweni yabantu abaningi baseMelika ukuthi asiboni ukuthi uhulumeni wethu wenzani okubangela intukuthelo enjalo emhlabeni wonke futhi kubangele abanye abantu ukuba bathathe ubudlova futhi babulale. isenzo ngokumelene nabaseMelika.

Ngikholwa ukuthi iMelika bekufanele iphendule ngandlela thize ezindleleni ezinodlame ezisetshenziswa i-al-Qaeda. Ukucekelwa phansi kweWorld Trade Towers, ingxenye yePentagon, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwe-USS Cole, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwamanxusa amabili ase-US eMpumalanga Afrika, kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwe-US Air Force Kobar Towers eSaudi Arabia akukwazanga ukuphuma ngaphandle kwempendulo. Sekushiwo lokho, kuze kube yilapho i-US ivuma ngempela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zaseMelika - ikakhulukazi ukuhlasela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamazwe - kudala intukuthelo emhlabeni, futhi ishintsha indlela yayo yokuxhumana emhlabeni, nginovalo lokuthi sisesikhathini eside kakhulu. wokuphindiselela kuneminyaka eyishumi nambili esesihlupheke kuyo kakade.

I-IM: Njengelungu lamasosha ahlomile futhi njengonozakuzaku futhi manje njengosakhamuzi ozibandakanya nezombusazwe, ubonise ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amasosha. Kunini lokho?

AW: Ngicabanga ukuthi kunezimo ezithile lapho amasosha engaba ukuphela kwendlela yokunqanda udlame. Ngo-1994 ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kohlanga eRwanda, kwabulawa abantu abacishe babe yisigidi phakathi nonyaka owodwa empini eyayiphakathi kwamaTutsi namaHutu. Ngokubona kwami, ibutho elincane kakhulu lezempi lalingase lingene futhi lingamisa ukubulawa ngocelemba kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane. UMengameli uClinton uthe ukuzisola kwakhe okukhulu njengomengameli bekungekhona ukuthi angenele ukusindisa izimpilo eRwanda futhi lokhu kwehluleka okubi kuzomhlupha impilo yakhe yonke.

IM: Belingekho yini ibutho leNhlangano Yezizwe eRwanda?

AW: Yebo, bekunebutho elincane leZizwe Ezihlangene eRwanda. Eqinisweni, ujenene waseCanada owayephethe lelo butho wacela imvume eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN ukuba asebenzise amandla ukuze aqede ukuqothulwa kohlanga kodwa wenqatshelwa lokho. Unengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka futhi uzame ukuzibulala ngenxa yokuzisola ngokuthi akazange aqhubeke nokuthatha isinyathelo esiwujuqu, esebenzisa lawo mandla amancane ukuzama ekuqaleni nje ukunqanda lesi sibhicongo. Manje unomuzwa wokuthi bekufanele aqhubeke asebenzise ibutho lakhe lezempi elincane noma kunjalo bese ebhekana nemiphumela okungenzeka ukuthi axoshwe yi-UN ngokungalandeli imiyalo. Ungumsekeli oqinile we-Genocide Intervention Network.

Ngisanomuzwa wokuthi umhlaba ungcono uma izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, ezinonya ngokumelene nezakhamuzi zimiswa, futhi ngokuvamile, indlela eshesha kunazo zonke, ephumelela kakhulu yokuqeda lezi zenzo ezinonya iwukusebenza kwezempi—imisebenzi ngeshwa futhi engase ibangele ukulahlekelwa ukuphila ezweni. umphakathi wezakhamuzi.

IM: Kusukela wesula emsebenzini eMnyangweni Wezwe ngokumelene neMpi Yase-Iraq, njengesakhamuzi esinomthwalo wemfanelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi esithukuthele, ubulokhu ujikeleza umhlaba ubeka imibono yakho njengomuntu ogxeka izinqubomgomo zokuphatha ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones abulalayo.

Ngokombono wokuzibophezela kwamaBuddha ku-Right Action, ekuqwashiseni, kanye nomuzwa wokuzibophezela, imiphumela yezenzo zomuntu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-drones kunecala ikakhulukazi.

AW: Udaba lwamabhanoyi ababulali belulokhu lugxile kakhulu emsebenzini wami kule minyaka emibili edlule. Ngike ngavakashela ePakistan, Afghanistan naseYemen ngikhuluma nemindeni yezisulu zeziteleka ze-drone futhi ngikhuluma ngokukhathazeka kwami ​​​​ngenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US. Kubalulekile ukuya kulawo mazwe ukuze utshele izakhamuzi zakhona ukuthi kunezigidi zabantu baseMelika abangavumelani nakancane noHlelo luka-Obama mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones abulalayo.

I-US manje inamandla okuthi umuntu oseCreech Air Force Base e-Nevada ahlale esihlalweni esintofontofo futhi, ngokuthinta ikhompuyutha, abulale abantu phakathi nendawo emhlabeni. Izingane ezincane zifunda ubuchwepheshe bokubulala kusukela zineminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala. Imidlalo yamakhompiyutha ifundisa umphakathi wethu ukubulala nokuzivikela emiphumeleni engokomzwelo nengokomoya yokubulala okulawulwa kude. Abantu abasesikrinini ababona abantu, imidlalo yethu yamakhompiyutha ithi.

Njalo ngoLwesibili, okwaziwa eWashington ngokuthi “Terror Tuesday,” umongameli uthola uhlu lwabantu, imvamisa emazweni lapho i-US ENGAPHI nempi, lapho izikhungo zezobunhloli eziyishumi nesikhombisa zase-United States ziwahlonze ngokuthi zenze okuthile ngokumelene ne-United States. Amazwe okufanele afele ngaphandle kwenqubo yokwahlulela. Umongameli ubheka ukulandisa okufushane okuchaza lokho umuntu ngamunye akwenzile bese ebeka uphawu eceleni kwegama lomuntu ngamunye anqume ukuthi abulawe ngokungekho emthethweni.

Akuyena uGeorge Bush, kodwa u-Barack Obama, ummeli womthethosisekelo, njengoba njengoMongameli wase-United States ethathe indima yokuba umshushisi, ijaji kanye nomahluleli—ukuthatha amandla okungekho emthethweni, ngombono wami. Abantu baseMelika, njengomphakathi, bacabanga ukuthi silungile futhi siyaphana nokuthi siyawahlonipha amalungelo abantu. Kodwa nokho sivumela uhulumeni wethu ukuthi asebenzise lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe bokubulala ukuze acekele phansi abantu ingxenye yezwe. Yingakho ngiye ngazizwa ngiphoqelekile ukuba ngizame ukufundisa abantu abengeziwe e-United States nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ngalokho okwenzekayo, ngoba ngokuqinisekile ubuchwepheshe buya emazweni ngamazwe. Amazwe angaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili manje anohlobo oluthile lwe-drone yezempi. Iningi labo alikakabi nezikhali. Kodwa kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo nje sokubeka izikhali kuma-drones abo futhi mhlawumbe baze basebenzise emazweni abo kanye nabesifazane njengoba i-United States yenzile. IMelika ibulale izakhamizi ezine zaseMelika ebeziseYemen.

I-IM: Bese kuba ne-blowback, izinga lobu buchwepheshe, obufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu ngokushesha, bungasetshenziswa kalula ngokumelene nathi ngabanye. Lokho kuyimbangela nomphumela. Noma ungayibiza ngokuthi i-karma.

AW: Yebo, lonke udaba lwe-karma lungenye yezinto ezingigqugquzelayo. Okunikeza abanye yikho kanye ozokuthola. Lokhu esikwenzayo thina ma-United States emhlabeni kuyabuya kuzosiphatha kabi. Ukufundwa kwamaBuddha engakufunda ngiseMongolia kwangisiza ngempela ukuba ngikubone lokhu.

Ezinkulumweni eziningi engizinikezayo, omunye wemibuzo engiyithola ezilalelini uthi, “Kungani kunithathe isikhathi eside kangaka ukuba nisule eMnyangweni Wezwe?” Ngichithe cishe yonke