NguPat Old, ngo-Okthoba 23, 2020
Kusukela Izibopho Zempi
UMbutho Wezomoya ungcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eJoint Base Andrews ngezingxenye ezingama-39,700 kwisigidigidi ngasinye samakhemikhali e-PFAS ngokusho Umbiko okhishwe yi-Air Force ngoMeyi, 2018. Lokhu akuyona "Izindaba Eziphuthumayo" ngqo yize bembalwa abaziyo ngayo.
Isisekelo singcolisa imifula yePatuxent nePotomac. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba avela kumasayithi amaningi asezansi lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona amagwebu agcwele iPFAS aya ngasempumalanga aya ePatuxent nasentshonalanga ngasePotomac. Khonamanjalo, amanzi angaphezulu asuka ezansi aya ePiscataway Creek, eCabin Branch Creek, eHenson Creek naseMounthousehouse Branch, athulula amanzi kuyo yomibili imifula. U-Andrews, "iKhaya Lezempi 1" ukuphela kwesisekelo esifundazweni esaziwa ngokufaka ushevu kokubili iPatuxent kanye nePotomac.
I-PFAS ingahamba amamayela. Kungcolisa izinhlanzi futhi kugulise abantu abakudlayo.
Ngubani owayazi?
Isizinda Esihlangene seGoogle PFAS Andrews. Ngeke uthole udaba lwezindaba ngokungcoliswa kwe-PFAS e-Andrews, noma imiphumela "ishicilelwe" ngoMeyi ka-2018. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-Air Force ayikuthumeli ukukhishwa kwabezindaba ngalezi zinto kanye neWashington Post kanye nabezindaba basendaweni ngokuvamile ungayimbozi. Lolu hlobo lokubikwa kophenyo lulula ngokwanele, yize izindawo eziningi zezindaba zingenawo amandla noma isifiso sokulandela izindaba ezinjengalezi. Ngenxa yalokho, bambalwa abaziyo ngosongo olubangelwa impilo yomphakathi olubangelwe ukusetshenziswa budedengu kwe-Air Force kwalezi zidumbu zomzimba.
Qala lapha ukuqala ukubheka ukungcola okubangelwa yi-Air Force ezisekelweni ezweni lonke.
I-Air Force ishicilela imibiko yonjiniyela ethi ibhala ukungcola kwePFAS ezweni lonke, noma ukuxhumana okuqondile kulezo zincwadi kungavamile ukuba khona. Kusho ukuthi iphepha lasekhaya lakho akunakwenzeka ukuthi ligijime indaba echaza ukungcoliswa kwamasosha imvelo yendawo, ikakhulukazi amanzi angaphezulu. Kungadinga izinga elithile lokubulala, ubuciko obulahlekile.
Izinkulungwane zemifula nemifula ezweni lonke zithwala amazinga aphezulu obuthi, isimo esiyingozi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ubuningi bokuqoqwa kwamakhemikhali amaningi nokuthambeka kwawo okunqwabelana ezinhlanzini izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane zamazinga emanzini. Ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle emanzini angcolile kuyindlela eyinhloko iPFAS engena ngayo emzimbeni wethu. Amanzi okuphuza angcolile ngumzuzwana okude, yize lokhu kuyiqiniso elingathandeki ku-EPA, i-DOD, iCongress, kanye nezwe laseMaryland.
Chofoza kulo mbiko ongenhla bese ubheka Uhlu Lokuphakathi. Sesha amagama anjengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, umgodi wokusha, njll. Khumbula ukuthi izikhulu eziphezulu zezempilo zomphakathi zithi ukudla ingxenye eyodwa kwisigidigidi ngasinye salezi zingqimba zomzimba kungaba yingozi kuyilapho ezinye izinhlanzi ezibanjwa eduze namabhali ezempi zinezigidi zezingxenye ngesigidigidi ngasinye Yini e-perch ne-rockfish kanye nama-oysters nenkalankala? Akekho owaziyo eMaryland.
Emuva ngo-1970, i-US Air Force yaqala ukusebenzisa i-foam eyakha ifilimu (i-AFFF), equkethe i-PFOS ne-PFOA, ukucisha imililo kaphethiloli. I-AFFF ingene kwezemvelo ngesikhathi kuqeqeshwa umlilo njalo, ukugcinwa kwemishini, ukugcinwa, kanye nezingozi ezivamile. Ama-hangar e-Air Force anezinhlelo zokucindezela ngaphezulu ezihlanganiswe ne-PFAS futhi zivivinywa njalo kusukela ngawo-1970. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo ziyakwazi ukumboza i-hangar eyi-2-acre ngezinyawo eziyi-17 zewubuthu kungakapheli imizuzu emibili.
Nakhu okuningiliziwe komlando wokusetshenziswa kwe-PFAS kwa-Andrews othathwe embikweni:
“Indawo eyayiyiHare Berry Farm iseningizimu neJBA, eduzane kothango lwezokuphepha futhi ingaphakathi komngcele wokufaka. Ipulazi lalisetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo ze-strawberry, raspberry, ne-blackberry. NgoMeyi 1992 ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kohlelo lokucindezela umlilo, izindiza ezingaba ngu-500 ze-AFFF zadedelwa ePiscataway Creek, umthombo wamanzi wokunisela izitshalo ezisepulazini. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, umnikazi wendawo wacela ukuthi i-USAF ihlole ukuthi ngabe izitshalo ziphephile yini ukuthi zingadliwa ngabantu. I-USAF yahlola izitshalo ngo-Agasti 1992 futhi yanquma ukuthi zikulungele ukusetshenziswa ngokuya ngamazinga weFood and Drug Administration (FDA). Ngo-1993, kwahlolisiswa ukuhlola ubungozi obuhambisana nemiphumela engaba khona yokungcola okuvela ezingxenyeni ezifana ne-AFFF, uketshezi lwamanzi, izinsalela zikaphethiloli, izincibilikisi, kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane engena ePiscataway Creek nemvula yamanzi yesiphepho i-JBA. Ukuhlolwa kuka-1993 kuphethe ngokuthi iPiscataway Creek ayibanga yingozi empilweni yabantu noma emvelweni. ”
Ungakhathazeki ujabule?
Noma kufanele uhulumeni kanye / noma i-NGO yangasese inyukele phezulu ukuqala ukuhlola amanzi angaphezulu kokufakwa kwamasosha kanjena?
UMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland awuzange usize. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengeMichigan, zithumele ukuthi azidli izeluleko zezinyamazane ezinobuthi ezihlala eduzane naseWurtsmuth Air Force Base - isisekelo esivaliwe eminyakeni engama-30 edlule! Izeluleko zezinhlanzi zithunyelwe ngamamayela kude nesikhungo esivaliwe ngenkathi umbuso umangalele amasosha ngomonakalo ovela ekusetshenzisweni kwePFAS ngesisekelo. Akunjalo eMaryland, lapho umbuso ukhetha ukungahambisani nePentagon ngalezi zindaba.
I-PFAS ngamakhemikhali anobuthi ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwemvelo yabo yokuqoqeka, abaze bachitheke, yingakho ilebula: "amakhemikhali angunaphakade." Zixhunyaniswe nenqwaba yama-cancer, ukungajwayelekile kwe-fetus, kanye nezifo eziningi zobuntwana. I-EPA ayisasebenzi njenge-ejensi yokulawula ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukaTrump futhi umbuso ulele ekushintsheni, okushiya impilo yomphakathi isengozini.
Imigodi Yokushisa
Izindawo zokuqeqesha umlilo (ama-FTA's) zazinomgodi wokusha wobubanzi obungamamitha angu-200-300. Ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuqeqesha umlilo, umgodi wokusha wawugcwaliswa ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe amalitha alinganiselwa ku-1,000 2,000 kuya ku-XNUMX XNUMX oketshezi oluvuthayo afakwa emgodini oshile futhi wabaswa. Basebenzisa uwoyela futhi bawuxuba nophethiloli wejet. Izinkulungwane zamalitha amagwebu Isixazululo singasetshenziswa ngesikhathi somcimbi othile.
Indawo yokuqeqeshela umlilo eboniswe ngenhla ekhoneni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga yomgwaqo isetshenziselwe imisebenzi yokuqeqesha umlilo kusuka ngo-1973 kuya ku-1990. Ukuzivocavoca kwamasonto onke kwakwenziwa okubandakanya uketshezi olunamandla omlilo emgodini oshisayo nokucisha umlilo owawuvela nge-AFFF. Kwakuzokwakhiwa amafu amakhulu amakhowe entuthu enobuthi yamakhemikhali nothuli. Umbutho Wezomoya awuzange uzihluphe ngokulandela ubungako be-AFFF esetshenzisiwe phakathi nalezi zivivinyo.
Uketshezi oluningi olwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca lugeleza ngaphesheya kwendawo yokusha. Igwebu eliyinsalela namanzi kudluliselwe echibini elincane leaching. Iziphuzo ngokuvamile zazingena ogwadule zingene emhlabathini, kepha ichibi leaching ngokuvamile lalixhuma, lenze ukuthi ichibi ligcwale ebusweni bendawo kuleyo ndawo.
Umgodi ubuye wasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi namabanga amaloli omlilo asebenzisa i-AFFF. Ngokomlando, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kaningana ngonyaka ukuvivinya izilungiselelo zamaloli omlilo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ikakhulukazi kude.
UMbutho Wezomoya wenze ukungcola kwezinto ePrince George's County, eMaryland, usebenzisa amagwebu e-carcinogenic ezindaweni eziningi eJB Andrews:
- Izindawo eziningana Zokuqeqeshwa Komlilo
- Ama-Hangars 16, 11, 6, 7
- Isakhiwo Sezicishamlilo 3629
- Owayekade eyiHale Berry Farm
A
Ekungabikho kokuzibophezela okuqinile koMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland ukulawula i-PFAS embusweni, i-General Assembly kumele ithathe izinyathelo zokuphoqa ithimba laseHogan-Grumbles ukuthi livikele impilo yomphakathi.
