Izifundiswa zaseJapan zithi cha ocwaningweni lwezempi. Sicela usayine incwadi yabo!

Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, izifundiswa zaseJapane ziye zaluyeka ucwaningo lwezempi. Lokhu kuhambisana nezimiso ezinokuthula zoMthethosisekelo wase-Japan, lapho i-Article 9 ilahla kokubili impi njengelungelo elizimele lesizwe kanye nokugcinwa kwamabutho ezempi angasetshenziswa ngenjongo yempi. Nokho, muva nje, uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseJapane ubumagange ukubandakanya izifundiswa ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe futhi uxhase ngezimali ososayensi bomphakathi ukuze bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izinto ezimbili obungasetshenziswa ezinsizeni zezempi. Umkhuba onjalo wephula inkululeko yezemfundo kanye nezifungo zososayensi baseJapane zokungahlanganyeli kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo oluhlobene nempi futhi. Inhloso yalo mkhankaso we-inthanethi ukusiza ososayensi nabanye abantu ukuthi baqaphele lolu daba ukuze bahlanganyele nathi ekumiseni ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi. Siyabonga ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yethu, futhi siyawamukela ngobuqotho amasignesha akho ukuze avumele isikhalazo sethu.

KHALAZA UCWANINGO LWEZEBUSO E-ACADEMIA

Ucwaningo lwezempi luhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali nobuchwepheshe obungasetshenziswa njengezikhali zempi kanye nokucwaninga kwamasu ukuze kuzuze ukuphakama kwezempi, okuxhumanisa ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile nempi. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ososayensi abaningi eJapane babehileleke ocwaningweni lwezempi ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane futhi bahlanganyela empini yonya. Abafundi basekolishi babebuthelwa empini ngokungafuni, futhi abaningi babo balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo kwasebancane. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwakuyizindaba zokuzisola okukhulu kososayensi abaningi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ososayensi benza izifungo zokuthuthukisa isayensi ngokuthula, hhayi impi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMkhandlu Wesayensi YaseJapane, omelela ngokusemthethweni intando yeqoqo lososayensi eJapane, wenza izinqumo zokuvimbela ucwaningo lwezempi ngo-1949 futhi wavuselela lesi sibopho ngo-1950 nango-1967. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ezimelene nezikhali zenuzi nokuthula eJapane kwakhuthaza ososayensi. futhi abafundi bazisungulele ezabo izimemezelo zokuthula emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo zikazwelonke. Izimemezelo zokuthula zagcina zixazululiwe emanyuvesi amahlanu (i-Otaru University of Commerce, i-Nagoya University, i-Yamanashi University, i-Ibaraki University kanye ne-Niigata University) kanye nasezikhungweni zocwaningo zikazwelonke eziyi-19 ngawo-1980.

Ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokuphatha kuka-Hawkish Abe, umgomo wokuthula woMthethosisekelo wase-Japan wephulwa kanzima. Isibonelo, nakuba ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene kwase kukhawulelwe isikhathi eside, abaphathi be-Abe bakususe lokhu kuvinjelwa ngo-2014. Uhulumeni wase-Japan nezimboni ezihlukahlukene bezikhuthaza ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi ukuze kukhiqizwe ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kabili. Sekukonke, kusukela ngo-2014, ngaphezu kwamaphrojekthi ocwaningo ahlangene angama-20 aqalisiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 phakathi kwe-Technical Research and Development Institute, uMnyango Wezokuvikela, kanye nezemfundo. Abaphathi be-Abe bagunyaze Iziqondiso Zohlelo Lwezokuvikela Lukazwelonke lwe-FY2014 nangale kwayo ngoZibandlela wezi-2013 ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa kabili ngokuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi ocwaningo azoqhutshwa emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Lo mkhuba kufanele ubhekwe njengokuhlasela kukahulumeni izifungo zososayensi zokuthi ngeke baphinde bahlanganyele ocwaningweni lwezempi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II.

Kuyinto engenakugwemeka kakhulu ukuthi impumelelo yocwaningo oluxhaswe ngamasosha ngeke ivulekele umphakathi ngaphandle kwemvume yamasosha. Umthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezimfihlo Eziqokiwe Ngokukhethekile, owaphoqwa ngokudla ngo-2013 futhi waqala ukusebenza ngo-2014, uzoqinisa ukulawulwa kwezemfundo ngamasosha kanye namandla ombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi abakhuluma ngocwaningo lwabo manje bangase basolwe ngokukhipha imininingwane eyimfihlo ngenxa yalo mthetho omusha.

Iyini imiphumela yocwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi? Kusobala ukuthi inkululeko yezemfundo izophulwa kakhulu. Umuntu kufanele abhekisele kuphela esimweni sase-United States, lapho inkimbinkimbi yezempi-yezimboni-yezemfundo isivele isungulwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilungelo kanye nonembeza wabafundi abathweswe iziqu kanye neziqu zabo kuyophulwa ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi ohlelweni lwabo lwemfundo yasenyuvesi, futhi ngenxa yokuntula kwabo ulwazi, kungase kwamukelwe ngaphandle kokugxekwa. Ingabe kunengqondo ukuthi osolwazi nososayensi abayizimiso bafake abafundi babo ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi? Ukucwaninga okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nempi, ukucekelwa phansi, nokubulala, futhi nakanjani kuyophumela ekucekeleni phansi kwemfundo ephakeme.

Amanyuvesi kufanele abhekane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, njengokuthuthukiswa kwentando yeningi, inhlalakahle yabantu, ukuchithwa kwezikhali zenuzi, ukuqedwa kobumpofu, kanye nokufezekiswa komhlaba onokuthula nozinzile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe imisebenzi enjalo, amanyuvesi, kuhlanganise namanyuvesi kazwelonke, vele, kufanele azimele kunoma yimaphi amandla negunya likahulumeni noma lezombangazwe, futhi kufanele aphishekele umgomo wemfundo yabantu ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba balangazelele iqiniso nokuthula.

Sinesibopho sokwenqaba ukuhlanganyela empini ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi. Ucwaningo olunjalo aluhambisani nemigomo yemfundo ephakeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuze kube nekusasa elingcono. Sikhathazekile ngokuthi ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwezemfundo yezempi luzohlanekezela intuthuko enengqondo yesayensi, nokuthi amadoda, abesifazane, nezingane ngokufanayo bazolahlekelwa ukwethemba nokholo lwabo kwisayensi. Njengamanje, sisempambanweni yemigwaqo yedumela lesayensi eJapan.

Sicela ngobuqotho kuwo wonke amalungu amanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo, kuhlanganise undergraduate nabafundi iziqu, futhi izakhamuzi, ukuba bangabambi iqhaza ocwaningweni ngokuhlanganyela namasosha, ukwenqaba uxhaso lwezempi, futhi bagweme ukufundisa izisebenzi zezempi.

abahleli

Satoru Ikeuchi, UProfesa Emeritus we-Astrophysics, Nagoya University,

Shoji Sawada, USolwazi Emeritus wePhysics, eNyuvesi yaseNagoya,

Makoto Ajisaka, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, Kansai University,

UJunji Akai, uSolwazi Emeritus weMineralogy, eNyuvesi yaseNiigata,

UMinoru Kitamura, uSolwazi Emeritus wePhilosophy, i-Waseda University,

Tatsuyoshi Morita, uProfessor Emeritus of Botany, Niigata University,

UKen Yamazaki, uProfessor of Exercise Physiology, Niigata University,

Teruo Asami, uProfesa Emeritus weSayensi Yomhlaba, Ibaraki University,

U-Hikaru Shioya, Ubunjiniyela Bezokuxhumana kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokuthembeka,

Kunio Fukuda, uProfessor Emeritus of International Trade Theory, Meiji University,

Kunie Nonaka, uProfessor we-Accoundancy, Meiji University,

kanye nabanye ososayensi abangama-47.