Umlimi uJim Young uthinta isisele somcibisholo emhlabeni wakubo eduze kwase-Harrisburg e-Banner County. Abasha kanye nabanye abanikazi bomhlaba bakhungathekile ngesinqumo seButho Lombutho Lomoya sokuvimba ama-windmill phakathi kwamamayela amabili e-nautical kusuka kulawa ma-missile silos - isinqumo esimisiwe futhi esingase siqede iphrojekthi enkulu yamandla omoya emlandweni we-Nebraska. Isithombe sika-Fletcher Halfaker se-Flatwater Free Press.
Ibungazwe ngu-Natalia Alamdari I-Flatwater Mahhala Cindezela, Ngo-September 22, i-2022
EDUZE E-HARRISBURG–Esifundeni sase-Banner esomile ngamathambo, amafu othuli akhukhulela esibhakabhakeni njengogandaganda abahlokomayo befika emhlabathini oshiswe yilanga.
Kwamanye amasimu, umhlabathi usewome kakhulu ukuthi ungaqalisa ukutshala ukolweni wasebusika.
“Ngiyaqala ngqá ekuphileni kwami ukuthi ngingakwazi ukuthela ukolweni enhlabathini,” kusho uJim Young, emi ensimini osekuyiminyaka engu-80 emndenini wakhe. “Sithola imvula encane kakhulu. Futhi sithola umoya omkhulu.”
Omunye umoya omuhle kakhulu wezwe, empeleni.
Yingakho eminyakeni engu-16 edlule, izinkampani zamandla omoya zaqala ukushela abanikazi bomhlaba phezulu naphansi ku-County Road 14 enyakatho yeKimball - ukugcotshwa okunsomi okujulile ku-Nebraska Panhandle kumamephu wesivinini somoya. Uphawu lomoya onesivinini esikhulu, onokwethenjelwa.
Cishe ngamahektha ayi-150,000 aqashwe izinkampani zamandla, lesi sifunda esinabantu abangu-625 simi sikulungele ukuba ikhaya lezinjini zomoya ezingaba ngu-300.
Bekungaba iphrojekthi yomoya enkulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni, iletha inqwaba yemali kubanikazi bomhlaba, abathuthukisi, izikole zesifunda nezendawo.
Kodwa-ke, isivimbamgwaqo esingalindelekile: I-US Air Force.
Imephu yama-missile silos ngaphansi kwewashi le-FE Warren Air Force Base e-Cheyenne. Amachashazi aluhlaza ayizindawo zokuqalisa, futhi amachashazi ansomi ayizindawo zokuxwayisa ngemicibisholo. Kunama-missile silos angama-82 kanye nezindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuxwayisa ngemicibisholo entshonalanga Nebraska, kusho okhulumela i-Air Force. I-FE Warren Air Force Base.
Ngaphansi kwezinkundla ezinothuli ze-Banner County kunenqwaba yemicibisholo yenuzi. Njengoba ifakwe ezinqolobaneni zamasosha ezimbe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-100 emhlabathini, izinsalela zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi ziqamekele ezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseMelika, okuyingxenye yezikhali zenuzi zezwe.
Emashumini eminyaka, izakhiwo ezinde ezifana nezinjini zomoya zazidingeka okungenani zibe yikota yemayela kude nezisele ezicitshwayo.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amasosha ashintsha inqubomgomo yawo.
Enye yama-missile silos amaningi atholakala eBanner County. Ama-silo amaningi ahlelwe ngephethini yegridi futhi ahlukaniswe cishe ngamamayela ayisithupha. Njengoba zibekwe lapha ngeminyaka yawo-1960, izisele ze-Air Force, ezigcina izikhali zenuzi, manje sezithiya iphrojekthi enkulu yamandla omoya. Isithombe sika-Fletcher Halfaker se-Flatwater Free Press
Manje, bathi, izinjini zomoya manje azikwazi ukuba phakathi kwamamayela amabili olwandle ukusuka eziseleni. Ushintsho lwakhipha isinqumo sokuthi amahektha ezinkampani zamandla omhlaba aqashiswe kubantu bendawo - futhi sasusa isivunguvungu esingaba khona kubalimi abaningi ababelinde iminyaka engu-16 ukuze izinjini zomoya zibe ngokoqobo.
Iphrojekthi emile ye-Banner County ihlukile, kodwa kungenye indlela i-Nebraska elwela ngayo ukusebenzisa umthombo wayo omkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo.
INebraska enomoya ovamile ikleliswe endaweni yesishiyagalombili ezweni emandleni omoya angaba khona, ngokusho kukahulumeni wobumbano. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kuhulumeni kube ngcono kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kepha iNebraska isaqhubeka nokusalela emuva kakhulu komakhelwane iColorado, Kansas kanye ne-Iowa, bonke asebephenduke abaholi bezwe emoyeni.
Amaphrojekthi e-Banner County abezokhulisa amandla omoya e-Nebraska ngo-25%. Akukacaci manje ukuthi mangaki ama-turbines azoba khona ngenxa yokushintshwa kwemithetho ye-Air Force.
“Lokhu bekungaba yinto enkulu kubalimi abaningi. Futhi bekungaba imali enkulu kakhulu kubo bonke abanikazi bezakhiwo eBanner County,” kusho uYoung. “Kungumbulali nje. Angazi ukuthi ngingakusho kanjani okunye.”
UKUHLALA NE-NUKES
UJohn Jones wayeshayela ugandaganda wakhe ngesikhathi ephuma ngaphandle, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zadlula phezulu. Ugandaganda wakhe wawukhahlele uthuli olwanele ukuze ucuphe imitshina enyakazayo yesisele esicitshwayo esiseduze.
Izimoto zohlobo lweJeep zakhuphuka ngesivinini futhi amadoda ahlomile aphuma ukuze ahlole usongo olwalungase lube khona.
“Ngavele ngaqhubeka nokulima,” kusho uJones.
Abantu baseBanner County bebelokhu behlala ndawonye nezinsalela zemicibisholo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe benuzi baseSoviet, i-US yaqala ukutshala amakhulu emicibisholo ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni kakhulu zezwe, izibeka endaweni yokuthi zidubule phezu kweNorth Pole kanye naseSoviet Union ngomzuzwana nje.
UTom May uhlola ukukhula kukakolweni wakhe osanda kutshalwa. UMay, oseneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 elima eBanner County, uthi ukolweni wakhe awukaze uthinteke ngenxa yesomiso njengoba kwenzeka kulo nyaka. UMay, owayenenkontileka nezinkampani zamandla omoya ukuze zivumele ukufakwa kwezinjini zomoya endaweni yakhe, uthi ukushintsha umthetho we-Air Force manje ngeke kuvumele injini yomoya eyodwa emhlabeni wakhe. Isithombe sika-Fletcher Halfaker se-Flatwater Free Press
Namuhla, kunezisele ezingasasebenzi ezisabalele kulo lonke elaseNebraska. Kodwa ama-silo angu-82 ku-Panhandle asasebenza futhi alawulwa 24/7 ngabasebenzi be-Air Force.
Imicibisholo ecitshwayo engamakhulu amane ye-intercontinental ballistic - ICBMs - imbelwe emhlabathini ngaphesheya kweColorado, entshonalanga Nebraska, Wyoming, North Dakota naseMontana. Imicibisholo engu-80,000 6,000-pound ingandiza amakhilomitha angu-20 XNUMX esikhathini esingaphansi kwesigamu sehora futhi yenze umonakalo ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-XNUMX kunamabhomu ajikijelwa eHiroshima eMpini Yezwe II.
“Uma kwenzeka siqhunyiswa ngamabhomu, bathi yindawo yokuqala abazoqhumisa kuyo ngenxa yezisele esinazo lapha,” kusho umlimi uTom May.
Ihektare ngalinye lendawo kaMay lihlala phakathi kwamamayela amabili esisele esicitshwayo. Ngaphansi komthetho omusha we-Air Force, akakwazi ukubeka injini yomoya eyodwa emhlabathini wakhe.
Abathuthukisi benjini yomoya baqala ukufika e-Banner County cishe eminyakeni engu-16 edlule - amadoda agqoke amapholi namabhulukwe abamba umhlangano womphakathi wabanikazi bomhlaba abanentshisekelo esikoleni e-Harrisburg.
Isibhengezo besinalokho onjiniyela abakubiza ngokuthi “umoya osezingeni lomhlaba.” Abanikazi bomhlaba abaningi babemagange - ukusayina amahektare abo kwafika nesithembiso semali elinganiselwa ku-$15,000 iturbine ngayinye ngonyaka. Ama-turbines nawo azofaka imali ohlelweni lwesifunda nesikole, kusho izikhulu zesifunda kanye nezikhulu zezinkampani.
"E-Banner County, bekuzokwehlisa intela yezakhiwo kuze kube yize," kusho uYoung.
Ekugcineni, izinkampani ezimbili - i-Invenergy ne-Orion Renewable Energy Group - ziphothule izinhlelo zokubeka izinjini zomoya eBanner County.
Izifundo zomthelela wemvelo zaqedwa. Kwasayinwa izimvume, ukuqashisa nezinkontileka.
I-Orion yayinemishini yomoya engu-75 kuya kweziyi-100 ehleliwe, futhi inethemba lokuthi kulo nyaka kuzoba nomsebenzi ozosebenza.
I-Invenergy yayizokwakha ama-turbines angaba ngu-200. Inkampani yayikwazile ukuthola amakhredithi entela yenhlangano ukuze iqale umsebenzi futhi yaze yathela amaphedi kakhonkolo okwakuzohlala kuwo amaturbine, awamboze ngomhlaba ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukusebenzisa indawo kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukwakhiwa.
Kepha izingxoxo namasosha eziqala ngo-2019 zamisa amaphrojekthi.
Izinjini zomoya zibeka "ingozi enkulu yokuphepha endizeni," kusho okhulumela i-Air Force ku-imeyili. Lawo ma-turbines ayengekho ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izisele. Manje njengoba sebebona indawo yasemakhaya, i-Air Force ithe kumele ibuyekeze imithetho yayo yokuhlehla. Inombolo yokugcina eyahlala kuyo kwakungamamayela amabili olwandle - amamayela angu-2.3 emhlabeni - ukuze izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zingaphahlazeki phakathi neziphepho zezulu noma iziphepho.
Ibanga belidingeka ukuze kugcinwe izisebenzi zezindiza ziphephile ngesikhathi "semisebenzini evamile yezokuphepha yansuku zonke, noma imisebenzi ebucayi yokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, kuyilapho sikhona nabanye abantu baseMelika abangabanikazi futhi abasebenza umhlaba ozungeze lezi zikhungo ezibalulekile," kusho umkhulumeli.
NgoMeyi, izikhulu zamasosha zasuka e-Wyoming's FE Warren Air Force Base ukuze zitshele abanikazi bomhlaba lezi zindaba. Kuprojektha ephezulu e-Kimball's Sagebrush Restaurant, babonise izithombe ezikhulisiwe zalokho abashayeli bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane abakubonayo lapho bendiza eduze nezinjini zomoya esiphephweni seqhwa.
Kubanikazi abaningi bomhlaba, lezi zindaba zafika njenge-gutpunch. Bathe bayayeseka ezokuphepha kuzwelonke nokugcina amalungu enkonzo ephephile. Kodwa bayazibuza: Ingabe ibanga eliphindwe kasishiyagalombili liyadingeka?
“Abanawo lowo mhlaba. Kodwa kungazelelwe, banamandla okushaya yonke into, basitshele ukuthi yini esingakwazi nesingeke siyenze,” kusho uJones. “Esingathanda ukukwenza wukuxoxisana. Amakhilomitha angu-4.6 [ububanzi] kude kakhulu, ngokwazi kwami.”
Ku-County Road 19, uthango lokuxhumanisa amaketango luhlukanisa indawo yokungena yesisele esicitshwayo nepulazi elizungezile. Amapaki amancane ngaphesheya komgwaqo futhi akhombe phezu kwegquma embhoshongweni wesimo sezulu ofakwe inkampani yamandla.
Kukhona amahektha omhlaba wokulima phakathi kwe-missile silo nombhoshongo. Umbhoshongo Omncane okhomba kuwo ubonakala njengomugqa omncane emkhathizwe, obekwe isibani esibomvu esicwayizayo.
"Uma ubeka indiza enophephela emhlane phezu kwanoma yisiphi isibhedlela ezweni, bathi lokhu kuseduze kakhulu," kusho u-Young, ekhomba isisele semicibisholo nombhoshongo okude. "Manje uyazi ukuthi kungani sicasukile, akunjalo?"
AMANDLA OMOYA AYATHUTHUKISA, KODWA USAHLEZI
I-Nebraska yakha izinjini zayo zomoya zokuqala ngo-1998 - imibhoshongo emibili entshonalanga ye-Springview. Kufakwe iSifunda Samandla Omphakathi sase-Nebraska, laba ababili bebevivinya izwe umakhelwane walo i-Iowa ubekade ephromotha amandla omoya kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.
Imephu yezinsiza zomoya e-Nebraska ibonisa isivinini somoya kusifunda sonke. Ibhande elinsomi elimnyama elisika i-Banner County phakathi libonisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi omoya amabili ngabe aye kuphi. Ngenhlonipho yoMnyango Wezemvelo Nezamandla wase-Nebraska
Ngo-2010, i-Nebraska yayisendaweni yama-25 ezweni ekukhiqizeni amandla aphehlwa ngomoya - okuphansi kwephakethe phakathi kwezifunda ezinomoya zaseGreat Plains.
Izizathu ezibhebhethekisa i-lag zaziyi-Nebraskan ehlukile. I-Nebraska ukuphela kwesifunda esihlinzekwa ngokuphelele yizinsiza zomphakathi, ezigunyazwe ukuletha ugesi oshibhe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni zamapulazi omoya zisebenza kuphela emkhakheni ozimele. Njengoba kunesibalo esincane sabantu, ugesi oshibhile kakade kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe emigqeni yokudlulisela, i-Nebraska yayingenayo imakethe yokwenza amandla omoya abe nenzuzo.
Iminyaka eyishumi yomthetho yasiza ukushintsha leyo calculus. Izinsiza zomphakathi zavunyelwa ukuthenga amandla kubathuthukisi bomoya abazimele. Umthetho wezwe uphambukise izintela eziqoqwe kubathuthukisi bomoya emuva esifundeni nesifunda sesikole - isizathu sokuthi amapulazi omoya Isibhengezo angase anciphise izintela kubahlali besifunda.
Manje, iNebraska inamaturbine anele omoya ukuze ikhiqize amamegawathi angu-3,216, inyukela endaweni yeshumi nanhlanu esizweni.
Ukukhula okulinganiselwe, kusho ochwepheshe. Kodwa ngomthetho omusha wobumbano okhuthaza amandla omoya namandla elanga, kanye nezifunda ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla omphakathi wase-Nebraska ezibophezele ekungathathini hlangothi, amandla omoya esifundazweni kulindeleke ukuthi asheshise.
Isithiyo esikhulu manje kungaba ama-Nebraskans angafuni izinjini zomoya ezifundeni zawo.
Ama-turbines angamehlo anomsindo, abanye bathi. Ngaphandle kwezikweletu zentela yombuso, aziyona indlela ehlakaniphile ngokwezezimali yokukhiqiza ugesi, kusho uTony Baker, umsizi wezomthetho kaSen. Tom Brewer.
Ngo-Ephreli, Okhomishana Besifunda sase-Otoe babeka isimemezelo sonyaka owodwa kumaphrojekthi omoya. E-Gage County, izikhulu zaphasisa imingcele ezovimbela noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa komoya okuzayo. Kusukela ngo-2015, amakhomishana esifunda saseNebraska anqabile noma akhawula amapulazi omoya izikhathi ezingu-22, ngokusho kwentatheli yezamandla. Isizindalwazi sikaRobert Bryce sikazwelonke.
“Into yokuqala esiyizwile iphuma emlonyeni wawo wonke umuntu ukuthi, 'Asiwafuni lawo maturbine omoya amabi eduze nendawo yethu,'” kusho u-Baker, echaza ukuvakasha kwabantu baseBrewer's Sandhills. “Amandla omoya ahlukanisa imiphakathi. Unomndeni ohlomula ngakho, uyakufuna, kodwa wonke umuntu ongomakhelwane awukuthandi.”
Ama-turbine amaningi omoya angatholakala eduze ne-Banner County eKimball County engumakhelwane. Le ndawo yaseNebraska ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili e-United States zomoya ongaguquki, onesivinini esikhulu, kusho ochwepheshe bamandla. Isithombe sika-Fletcher Halfaker se-Flatwater Free Press
UJohn Hansen, umongameli weNebraska Farmers Union, uthe ukuhlehla phezu kwamapulazi omoya kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. Kodwa yidlanzana elinomsindo, esho. Amaphesenti angu-2015 ama-Nebraskans asemaphandleni acabange ukuthi okuningi kufanele kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa amandla omoya namandla elanga, ngokusho kwenhlolovo ye-University of Nebraska-Lincoln yango-XNUMX.
“Yileyo nkinga ka-NIMBY,” kusho uHansen, esebenzisa isifinyezo esisho ukuthi, “Hhayi Egcekeni Lami.” Kuwukuthi, “'Angimelene namandla omoya, angiwafuni nje endaweni yangakithi.' Inhloso yabo wukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho phrojekthi eyakhiwayo, isikhathi. ”
Emadolobheni aseNebraska abhekene nokuncipha kwabantu, izinjini zomoya zingasho ithuba lezomnotho, kusho uHansen. Petersburg, ukuthutheleka kwabasebenzi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwepulazi lomoya kuholele ekutheni isitolo segrosa esihlulekayo ukuthi sakhe indawo yesibili, esho. Kufana nomsebenzi wetoho wabalimi abavumelana nezinjini zomoya.
“Kufana nokuba nomthombo kawoyela ezweni lakho ngaphandle kwakho konke ukungcola,” kusho uDave Aiken, uprofesa wezomnotho we-UNL. "Ungacabanga ukuthi kungaba yinto engenangqondo."
E-Banner County, inzuzo yezomnotho ngabe yophe nasendaweni ezungezile, kusho abanikazi bomhlaba. Ama-Crew building turbines abezothenga igilosa futhi ahlale emahhotela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane zaseKimball naseScotts Bluff.
Manje, abanikazi bomhlaba abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi yini elandelayo. U-Orion uthe isinqumo se-Air Force sikhipha okungenani uhhafu wezinjini ezihleliwe. Isathemba ukuthi kuzoba nephrojekthi ezoqala ngo-2024. I-Invenergy inqabile ukucacisa noma yiziphi izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo.
“Le nsiza ikhona nje, isilungele ukusetshenziswa,” kusho uBrady Jones, indodana kaJohn Jones. “Sisuka kanjani kulokho? Ngesikhathi lapho sishaya umthetho ongakhuphula kakhulu utshalomali lwamandla omoya kuleli zwe? Lawo mandla kufanele avele ndawana thize.”
