Ngo-Lawrence S. Wittner, i-PeaceVoice
Yize abezindaba behlulekile ukukubika, kwenzeka umcimbi oyingqophamlando muva maqondana nokuxazulula inkinga ekade yaxoxwa yokuthi kumele benzeni ngezikhali zenuzi. Ngo-Agasti 19, 2016, ikomidi le-UN, iqembu le-Open-Ended Working elingenacala, uvotelwe ukutusa e-UN General Assembly ukuthi iyala ukuvula izingxoxo ku-2017 ngesivumelwano sokubavimbela.
Kubantu abaningi, lesi sincomo senza umqondo omkhulu. Izikhali zenuzi yizona zixhobo ezibhubhisa kunazo zonke ezake zenziwa. Uma zisetshenziswa ― njengoba ezimbili zazo zazisetshenziswa ngo-1945 ukubhubhisa abantu baseHiroshima naseNagasaki - ngaphezulu Izikhali zenuzi ze-15,000 okwamanje okukhona kungabhubhisa umhlaba. Ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu, umlilo, kanye nemisebe ye-radioactact, ukuqhuma kwabo kuzoqeda cishe konke okuphilayo emhlabeni. Abambalwa abasindile babezosala bezulazula, kancane futhi kabuhlungu, ehlane elishisiwe nelinemisebe. Ngisho nokuqhuma kwesibalo esincane sezikhali zenuzi ngempi, ubuphekula, noma ingozi kungaba inhlekelele enkulu engakaze ibonwe.
Wonke uMongameli wase-United States kusukela ngo-1945, kusukela kuHarry Truman kuya kuBarack Obama, uxwayise umhlaba ngobubi bempi yenuzi. Ngisho uRonald ReaganMhlawumbe abathanda kakhulu ezempi phakathi kwabo ― bamemezele kaninginingi bethi: “Impi yenuzi ayinakunqotshwa futhi akumele yalwiwa.”
Ngenhlanhla, ayikho inkinga yezobuchwepheshe ekulahleni izikhali zenuzi. Ngezivumelwano okuxoxiswene ngazo nangezenzo ezibumbene, ukuphucwa izikhali zenuzi, ngokuqinisekisa, kuye kakade senzeka ngokuphumelelayo, ukuqeda izikhali zenuzi ze-55,000 ze-70,000 ezikhona ngesikhathi se-Cold War.
Futhi, ezinye izithunywa zezwe zokubhujiswa okukhulu, eziphilayo futhi Amakhemikhali izikhali, sezivinjelwe izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokwemvelo-ke, iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi ukudala umhlaba ongenazo izikhali zenuzi kuwumqondo omuhle. A I-poll ye-2008 emazweni angama-21 emhlabeni wonke athola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-76 abaphendulile avumela isivumelwano samazwe omhlaba sokuqedwa kwazo zonke izikhali zenuzi futhi amaphesenti ayi-16 kuphela aphikisana naso. Lokhu kufaka amaphesenti angama-77 abaphenduli e-United States.
Kodwa izikhulu zikahulumeni ezivela ezintweni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinezikhali zenuzi zithandwa ukubuka izikhali zenuzi-noma okungenani zabo izikhali zenuzi differently ngokuhlukile. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amazwe ancintisanayo encika kakhulu emandleni ezempi ukuze athole lokho akubheka “njengezintshisekelo” zawo. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi abaholi bezwe bathambekele ekwakheni amabutho empi anamandla, ahlome ngezikhali ezinamandla kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi, ngokufika kwezikhali zenuzi, lokhu kuziphatha kwendabuko sekuphikisana nokukhiqiza sekuqale ukungena ekuqondeni kwabo, okuvame ukusizwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo ngokucindezelwa okukhulu komphakathi.
Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla zamandla amakhulu kanye nama-wannab ayizimboni, ngenkathi ekhokha umlomo ngezikhali zenuzi, ayaqhubeka nokuwuthatha njengomsebenzi oyingozi. Banethezeke ngokwengeziwe ngokugcina izinqolobane zenuzi nokulungiselela impi yenuzi. Ngakho-ke, ngokusayina inuzi Isingeniso sokungabonakali ka-1968, izikhulu ezivela emandleni enuzi zathembisa ukuthi “zizophishekela izingxoxo ngokuthembeka. . . isivumelwano sokunqotshwa kwezikhali okuvamile nokuphelele ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile nokuphumelelayo kwamazwe omhlaba. ” Futhi namhlanje, cishe cishe ikhulu leminyaka kamuva, kusamele baqale izingxoxo ngalesi sivumelwano. Esikhundleni salokho, okwamanje bayethula okwamanje omunye umjikelezo emjahweni wezikhali zenuzi. Uhulumeni wase-US yedwa uhlela ukusebenzisa imali $ 1 isigidintathu phezu kweminyaka elandelayo ye-30 ukuvuselela zonke izinto ezikhiqizayo zokukhiqiza izikhali zenuzi, kanye nokwakha izikhali zenuzi ezintsha, ezwandle nolwandle.
Vele, le nkcitho enkulu ― kanye nobungozi obuqhubekayo benhlekelele yenuzi provide kunganikeza izikhulu zombuso isikhuthazo esinamandla sokuqeda iminyaka engama-71 yokudlala ngezikhali zabo zosuku lwembubhiso futhi, esikhundleni salokho, behlele ebhizinisini lokugcina ngokuqeda ithemba elibi lokubhujiswa kwenuzi. . Ngamafuphi, bangalandela ukuhola kwekomidi le-UN futhi baxoxisane ngokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi njengesinyathelo sokuqala ekuqedweni kwazo.
Kepha, ukwahlulela ngokwenzeka e-UN Open-Ended Working Group, ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi okuxoxiswene ngakho kungenzeka kungenzeki. Ukungakhululeki ngokuthi yini engavela ezingxoxweni zekomidi, amandla enuzi asobala ixoshiwe kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- ivoti yokugcina kulelo komidi elaliphishekela izingxoxo zokuvinjelwa lalingama-68 elalivuna kwathi elingu-22 laphikiswa, kwathi abangu-13 bangazibandakanyi. Iningi elinamandla elithanda izingxoxo lalinamazwe ase-Afrika, eLatin America, eCaribbean, emazweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nasePacific, nezizwe eziningi zaseYurophu zazijoyina. Abambalwa babevela ikakhulukazi emazweni angaphansi kwezambulela zenuzi zamandla amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwahlukana okufanayo kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ku-UN General Assembly, lapho amandla enuzi ezokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela isenzo se-UN.
Sekukonke-ke kukhona ukwahlukana okwandayo phakathi kwamandla enuzi nabasizi bawo abathembele, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye neqembu elikhulu lamazwe, adinwe yimisuka ephindaphindwayo yamandla enuzi ekubhekaneni nenhlekelele yenuzi esongela ukungena Umhlaba. Kulo mncintiswano, amandla enuzi ayasizakala, ngoba, uma konke sekushiwo futhi kwenziwa, banenketho yokubambelela ezikhalini zabo zenuzi, noma ngabe lokho kusho ukungasinaki isivumelwano esamukelwe iningi elicacile lamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuma okuqinile ngokungajwayelekile kwezizwe ezingezona ezenuzi, okuhambisana nokuvukela komphakathi ovukile, okubonakala kungahle kuvuse izikhulu zamandla enuzi endleleni yazo ende yokulala ziye enhlekeleleni.
