Okhetho lukaMongameli bazokwenza kahle ukucubungula izindlela ezingqubuzana ngazo
UKRISTIN CHRISTMAN, owashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngu-Albany Times Union
UKRISTIN CHRISTMAN, owashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngu-Albany Times Union
Kuvuvukala ukuthi abazongenela ukhetho lukaMengameli bagomela ukuthi bebengeke bahlasele i-Iraq ukube bebenguMengameli e-2003 ngolwazi abanalo manje.
Kodwa abakhokhelwayo kumele babonise ukuthi bangacabangi nje kuphela kodwa babheke phambili: Bayokwenzenjani ngolwazi olungaqinisekisiwe oluzayo mayelana nezinsongo zakwamanye amazwe? Kungani impi ingaba inketho?
Kunzima ukucabanga, ingasaphathwa eyokukhumbula, impi eyanelisa izidingo zendabuko noma ezivuselelwe ze- “Just War”. Abaningi babheka le nkulumo njenge-oxymoron. Kodwa-ke uma impi ingeyona nje, ingathuthukisa kanjani isintu?
Imfuneko eyodwa yendabuko ye-Just War kuyinjongo enhle. Kepha kulula ukufihla ngemuva kwenhloso eyodwa enhle njengokuzenzisa kwempi. Ukususa izintuba emibandeleni ye-Just War, ake futhi sidinge ukungabi khona kwezinhloso ezibucayi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yize izinhloso zokungahloniphi zingadinga impi, izinhloso ezinhle kungenzeka zingalokothi.
Yibaphi abazongenela ukhetho kamongameli - hhayi amaDemocrats namaRiphabhulikhi kuphela kepha uGreens nabanye - abangaqinisekisa ukuthi izikhali, uwoyela nezinkampani zokwakha ngeke zizuze empini? Leyo mpi ngeke iphoqelelwe ukuthola amapayipi, izisekelo zamasosha, nezinkontileka zempi ezizimele? Leyo mpi Engcwele ngeke iqhutshwe ngempumelelo ngabashisekeli abangamaKristu nabamaJuda abalangazelela ukuqala i-Armagedoni?
Isidingo sesibili seMpi Yobulungiswa kuphela ukuthi abangewona amantombazane bangasindiswa.
Abaqokiwe bahlela kanjani ukuhlangabezana naleli zinga? Amandla amakhulu okubulala ezikhali zanamuhla awabaniki yini amandla okubandlulula phakathi kwabalwa, abangewona amasosha, abangenacala nabanecala?
Ngabe isiphi isisekelo abakholwayo abakholelwa ukuthi sinecala kufanele kunqunywe? Ingabe i-Iraq inecala uma ephakamisa isibhamu lapho esaba isosha laseMelika lihlasela ekhaya? Noma i-American inecala? Uma ababulali baseMelika bethola ukulingwa, kungani abantu bezinye izizwe beqedwa?
Imfuneko yesithathu yindlela yokuphumelela ekufinyeleleni imigomo emihle, kuhlanganise nokuthula, uthando, injabulo, ukwethemba, impilo, kanye nobulungiswa. Kodwa impi ingalondoloza kanjani noma yikuphi kwalokhu lapho imiphakathi ihlaselwa, ubudlova buyimodeli, futhi izimbangela ezingezansi zokungqubuzana ziyazinakwa?
Cabanga ngo-9/11. Amaphekula awafani, futhi izisusa zawo zisukela enolaka ziye ekuzivikeleni. Izisusa zifaka usizi, ukuzwelana okuphansi, ukucabanga ngokubusa, ukucabanga kwabamnyama nabamhlophe, ukucwasa ngaphansi kwezinja, ukutolika okunonya kwe-Islam, isithukuthezi nezinkolelo ekubalulekeni kokubulala.
Kubandakanya intukuthelo ngenxa yenzondo yaseNtshonalanga, ukubandlululwa kwamaSulumane, ukucindezelwa kwamaSulumane, ukugxambukela kwezepolitiki kwamanye amazwe, iNtshonalanga, ukukholelwa ezweni, ukuhlala emadolobheni, ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi, ukungasebenzi, kanye nobunxiwankulu obubhekiswe ebuphofini.
Futhi zihlanganisa ukufutheka komzwelo ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu base-Israel kumaPalestina, i-Persian Gulf War kanye nezigwebo, ukuhlasela kwe-US, amasosha aseMelika asezweni elingaphesheya, ukwesaba kwangempela ukulawulwa kweNtshonalanga-Zionist, nokuboshwa okungenasisekelo, ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwezinkulungwane ngaphansi kobudlova, ngokuvamile ekhokhelwa imali futhi ehlomile yi-US
Futhi zihlanganisa ukufutheka komzwelo ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu base-Israel kumaPalestina, i-Persian Gulf War kanye nezigwebo, ukuhlasela kwe-US, amasosha aseMelika asezweni elingaphesheya, ukwesaba kwangempela ukulawulwa kweNtshonalanga-Zionist, nokuboshwa okungenasisekelo, ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwezinkulungwane ngaphansi kobudlova, ngokuvamile ekhokhelwa imali futhi ehlomile yi-US
Abafakizicelo: Yikuphi ukugqugquzelwa okwenziwe ngudlame lwase-US eMideast? Yikuphi okwenziwe kabi?
Umbandela wesine ukuthi izinzuzo ezivela empini zidlula izindleko. Ngabe abazongenela ukhetho bazofaka izindleko zamasosha ngokuzibulala, ukubulala, ukulimala, i-PTSD, izidakamizwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwasekhaya? Izindleko zokunakekelwa kwabo isikhathi eside? Izindleko zokuxhasa impi nokulungiswa kwebhuloho nokulungiswa kojantshi, ukuhlolwa kokudla namanzi, ukuqasha abahlengikazi nothisha, ukuxhasa amandla elanga, ukulungiswa kwezinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nokwehliswa kwentela? Izindleko ezihlukunyezwa yizitha, noma azibalulekile?
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Just War criteria kufanele kudinge ukuthi isilinganiso senzuzo / sezindleko zempi asisihle kuphela, kepha sikhulu kunesilinganiso sanoma iyiphi enye inhlanganisela yezinye izindlela, kufaka phakathi inkhulumomphendvulwano, ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokubambisana, ukuxoxisana, ukulamula, nokulamula. Yibaphi abazobhapathizwa abazokwenza lezi zibalo?
Izindlela ezibuyekeziwe kufanele zidinge impi ukunamathela kuMthetho Ohlanzekile Womoya, Amanzi, kanye Nomhlaba eMpini nokuvikela izimpilo nezindawo zokuhlala ezingezona ezabantu. Ngabe impi inelungelo elithile laphezulu lokungcolisa uMhlaba futhi idalule konke okubi?
Nemigomo yamandla? Uma izakhamizi zingakwazi ukusebenzisa izibani zendabuko ngoba zichitha amandla ngokukhipha ukushisa okukhulu kunokukhanya, kungani omongameli bengachitha amandla ngezikhali ezikhipha imbubhiso kuphela?
Yibaphi abazobhapathizwa abazobeka izigqoko ekusetshenzisweni kwephethiloli empini? Ubani ozoqinisekisa ukuthi impi ayilwelwa ingcebo namafutha ukuxhasa nokuxhasa izimpi zesikhathi esizayo ngengcebo namafutha?
Umbandela wokugcina onganakiwe we-Just War: Impi ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengezinyathelo zokugcina. Abazongenela ukhetho ngekhulu lama-21 kumele bachaze ububanzi bezixazululo ezingenabudlova abazolulandela. Ngabe izinketho zizodlula i-mantra enobutha yezijeziso, ukumiswa kwempahla, ukuhlukaniswa kwezepolitiki nokuthengiswa kwezikhali? Ngabe abakhethiweyo bazofanelana nezimpande zodlame nezixazululo ezisebenzayo? Ngabe bazofuna izeluleko kochwepheshe bokuthula kunempi?
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-ISIS akuyona inkinga ku-ISIS, ubunikazi bezikhali zenuzi akuyona inkinga eNorth Korea nase-Israel, futhi ubuphekula abuyona inkinga yamaphekula. Kubo, lezi yizixazululo zezinye izinkinga. Okwe-US, ukuvuselela izinqola zenuzi, amazwe ahlaselayo, ukuhlukumeza iziboshwa, nokuqoqa idatha yefoni akuyona inkinga: Ziyizixazululo zezinye izinkinga.
Ubani ozobuza: Ziyini lezi zinkinga? Singazixazulula kanjani ngomusa nangobambiswano?
Izinkinga ezisusa udlame akuzona izaba zodlame, kepha ziyizihloko eziqinile ezingxoxweni zokubambisana, zokuxazulula izinkinga. Ngakho-ke ikuphi inkhulumomphendvulwano? Ikuphi leyo nkululeko yokukhuluma eyigugu lapho siyidinga? Noma kubekelwe abaprofethi abathukayo?
Qhathanisa ukusabela kwamaMelika ku-Mideast nakuFerguson, Mo. Ingabe amaphoyisa nemiphakathi ecela izikhali kuFerguson? Noma ingabe bafuna ubuhlobo obuhle obusekelwe ekuqondeni nasekukhathaleleni? Kumakhamera omzimba, amaphoyisa aphelelwe amandla, ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe, ukulingwa okulinganayo, usizo lwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, ukunciphisa ubandlululo, ubungane, nokukhulumisana?
Ingabe indlela enhle kakhulu kumphakathi wamazwe omhlaba?
UKristin Christman ungumbhali wencwadi ethi The Taxonomy of Peace nethi “Usuku Lomama.” http://warisacrime.org/okuqukethwe / usuku lomama 
Izimpendulo ze-4
Ngingaphakamisa ukuthi akekho uMbuso okufanele 'ushade' nabantu ngamunye 'nokuthi iKentucky ingaqala ushintsho kunqubomgomo ezoqeda izehlukaniso ezingahlanzekile, izinkontileka ezingaxegiswanga, nezenkolo ezenza okuncane ukuqhubekisela phambili uMndeni? Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukufaka ubuhlobo noMshado njengenkolo nokunambitha; kepha ukukuqinisekisa ngokubambisana kwasekhaya kwanoma iyiphi incazelo amaqembu abona kufanelekile? Ukupelwa kwamagama okudingekayo kunganikeza ababambiqhaza ikhefu, kuvumele ukuncibilika; ukuvimbela ukulimala. Ushintsho oluhle. Ayikho iNdlela Efanele yokwenza Into Engalungile; nemishado yoMbuso iyindlala. Qhubekani, zinikele komunye nomunye; vele ukwenze kube semthethweni ngempela. Iya eKentucky!
Nginomuzwa wokuthi iWWII yayiyimpi yokugcina. AmaJalimane acasulwa ngokuhlala kanzima kwiWWI, kepha aphume emgqeni. Ngezinga lanamuhla lokucekelwa phansi kwezikhali, ayikho impi engasenakubakhona. Sidinga ukuqasha abenzi bezikhali zethu ukwenza imishini yempi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuyinhlekelele esikhundleni salokho: kuqinise igridi yethu ukulwa nokushaya ngamandla kagesi nenhlekelele ehlobene nesimo sezulu futhi siqale ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kagesi kagesi: umoya, ilanga, ukushisa komhlaba, nanoma yini enye singakwazi ukubopha. Sidinga nokugcinwa kwamandla amaningi ukuhlanganisa umoya nelanga kugridi.
Njengesazi-mlando semfundamakhwela, ucwaningo lwami lukhombisa ukuthi iWW II okungenani eYurophu ibingagwemeka ngokuphelele. Kubukeka sengathi kuneqembu labosozigidi bamazwe aphesheya (kufaka phakathi abanye baseMelika) kanye nezigidigidi ezaxhasa ukunyuka kweNazi Party futhi zilwela impi. Kunobufakazi futhi okungenzeka babenethonya elithile esinqumweni saseJapan sokulwa nokuhlasela iChina nezinye izingxenye zase-Asia ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwabo ePearl Harbor. Kungani? Inzuzo enkulu evela ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni izingalo. Iningi lala madoda acebile lalinokuthambekela kobu-fascist kubandakanya nalabo ababamba iqhaza emzameni wokuzama ukuvukela umbuso nge-FDR ngawo-1930. Bafunda empini edlule yemali engenziwa namandla okungaholela kuwo. Kungakho i-US “yamukela” izakhiwo zezimboni zamasosha yaze yazifaka esimweni sempi esingapheli noma ngabe yayingazibandakanyi nodlame olukhulu njenge-WW II. Saqanjwa amanga eMpini yaseVietnam njengoba nje nathi saqanjwa amanga e-Iraq. Konke ngenzuzo enkulu yabambalwa abakhethiwe. Yebo, amaNazi adinga ukususwa kepha futhi bekungavinjelwa futhi.
Impendulo ingukuzwakala izikhathi ezingama-13. Bona i-Appenix A yencwadi yami, Imisebenzi Emidala Kakhulu yaseMelika: Ukulwa Nokuhlola