Incwadi entsha Lokhu Kuyisivukelo: Ukuvukela Kokungabi Nesibindi Kuyakha Yini Emashumi Amabini Nanye? Century uMark Engler noPaul Engler kuyisimo esibucayi samasu okusebenza ngokuqondile, okhipha amandla amaningi kanye nokubuthakathaka kwemizamo yokuvukela umbuso ukuze kwenziwe ushintsho olukhulu e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele kusukela ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20 kuya kwekhulu. Kufanele kufundiswe kuzo zonke izikole zethu.
Le ncwadi yenza icala lokuthi ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi okuphazamisayo kunesibopho soshintsho oluhle kwezenhlalo ukwedlula umthetho ojwayelekile "wokugcina" olandelayo. Ababhali bahlola inkinga yezikhungo zezishoshovu ezinenhloso enhle ukuthi zisungulwe kahle futhi zibalekele amathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu atholakalayo. Behlukanisa impikiswano yemibono phakathi kwemikhankaso yokwakha izikhungo yenqubekela phambili ehamba kancane kanye nombhikisho omkhulu ongalindelekile, ongenakulinganiswa, ama-Englers athola ukubaluleka kukho konke futhi axhasa indlela ye-hybridi ekhonjiswe ngu-Otpor, inhlangano eyachitha uMilosevic.
Ngenkathi ngisebenzela i-ACORN, ngabona amalungu ethu ethola ukunqoba okuningana, kepha ngabona nendlela eya kubo. Imithetho yedolobha iguqulwe ezingeni likahulumeni. Umthetho wesifundazwe wawuvinjelwe ukuhlanya kwempi, ukonakala kwezezimali, kanye nohlelo lokuxhumana olwephukile. Ukushiya i-ACORN, njengoba ngenzile, ukusebenzela umkhankaso kamongameli obhujisiwe kaDennis Kucinich kungahle kubonakale njengokukhetha okungenangqondo, okungekho amasu - futhi mhlawumbe bekuyikho. Kepha ukuletha ukugqama kwelinye lamazwi ambalwa kakhulu kuCongress athi okudingekayo ezindabeni eziningi kunenani okungenzeka ukuthi akunakulinganiswa ngokunemba, kepha abanye baye bakwazi ukulinganisa.
Lokhu Kuyisivukelo ibheka imizamo eminingi yezishoshovu engahle iqale ibonakale ihlulwa kanti yehlulekile. Ngibalile ngaphambili ezinye izibonelo zemizamo abantu ababecabanga ukuthi yehlulekile iminyaka eminingi. Izibonelo zakwa-Englers zibandakanya ukwambulwa okusheshayo okuphumelelayo, kulabo abazimisele nabakwaziyo ukukubona. Imashi kasawoti kaGandhi iveze okuncane ngendlela yokuzibophezela okuqinile okuvela kwabaseBrithani. Umkhankaso kaMartin Luther King eBirmingham wehlulekile ukuwina izimfuno zaleli dolobha. Kepha imashi kasawoti ibe nomthelela emazweni omhlaba, futhi umkhankaso waseBirmingham waba nomthelela kuzwelonke omkhulu kakhulu kunemiphumela esheshayo. Kokubili ukuvuselelwa kobushoshovu obusakazekile, kwaguqula izingqondo eziningi, futhi kwawina izinguquko eziphathekayo zenqubomgomo ngaphezu kwezimfuno ezazikhona ngokushesha. Ukunyakaza kwe-Occupy akuzange kuhlale ezikhaleni ebezinabantu, kepha kwaguqula inkulumo yomphakathi, kwagqugquzela inani elikhulu lobushoshovu, futhi kwawina izinguquko eziningi zikakhonkolo. Isenzo esikhulu kakhulu sinamandla okuthi umthetho noma ukuxhumana komuntu ngamunye kungenawo. Ngenze icala elifanayo muva nje ku- ukuphikisana ngokumelene nomqondo wokuthi ukuthula kuqhumeleka lapho ukuphikisana nokuqashelwa kuphumelela khona.
Ababhali bakhomba ukuphazamiseka, ukuzidela, nokukhuphuka njengezinto ezibalulekile zesenzo esiphumelelayo sokwakha umfutho, ngenkathi bevuma kalula ukuthi akuyona yonke into engabikezelwa. Icebo lokuphazamiseka okwandayo okubandakanya ukuzidela ngozwela ngabalingisi abangenalo udlame, uma lilungiswa njengoba izimo zifuna kanjalo, linethuba. Umsebenzi bekungaba yi-Athene, esikhundleni seBirmingham noma iSelma, ukube amaphoyisa aseNew York abekwazi ukuzilawula. Noma mhlawumbe bekuyikhono labahleli be-Occupy elithukuthelise amaphoyisa. Kunoma ikuphi, kwaba ngukuhlukumezeka kwamaphoyisa, nokuzimisela kwabezindaba ukukuhlanganisa, okwaveza i-Occupy. Ababhali baphawula ukunqoba okuqhubekayo kuka-Occupy kodwa nokuthi kunciphise lapho kuthathwa izindawo zomphakathi. Empeleni, noma abahlali beqhubeka nokubamba indawo yomphakathi emadolobheni amaningi, ukumemezela kwayo ukufa kwabezindaba kwamukelwa yilabo abasasebenza kuyo, futhi bayishiya imisebenzi yabo ngokulalela. Umfutho wawusuphelile.
Isenzo esizuza umfutho, njengoba kwenza u-Occupy, singena emandleni abantu abaningi, njengoba abakwa-Englers babhala, basanda kucasulwa yilokho abakufundayo ngokungabi nabulungisa. Futhi, ngicabanga, kungena emandleni abantu abaningi abathukuthele isikhathi eside futhi balinde ithuba lokwenza okuthile. Ngenkathi ngisiza ukuhlela i- "Camp Democracy" eWashington, DC, ngo-2006, sasiyiqembu lama-radicals alungele ukuhlala ku-DC ukuthula nobulungiswa, kepha sasicabanga njengezinhlangano ezinemithombo emikhulu. Besicabanga ngemibuthano enezixuku ezigcwele amabhasi ezinyunyana. Ngakho-ke, sihlele uhlu oluhle lwezipikha, sahlela izimvume namatende, futhi sahlanganisa isixuku esincane salabo asebevele besivumelwaneni. Senze izinto ezimbalwa eziphazamisayo, kepha lokho bekungagxilwe kukho. Kwakufanele kube njalo. Bekufanele ngabe siphazamise ibhizinisi njengenjwayelo ngendlela eyakhelwe ngokucophelela ukwenza imbangela ibe nozwelo kunokuthi icasuke noma yesatshwe.
Ngenkathi abaningi bethu behlela ukuthatha iFreedom Plaza eWashington, DC, ngonyaka we-2011 sasinezinhlelo ezinkudlwana zokuphazanyiswa, ukuzidela nokwenyuka, kepha ezinsukwini ngaphambi nje kokuba simise ikamu, lawo maphoyisa aseNew York afaka i-Occupy ezindabeni ezingeni lesikhukhula seminyaka eyinkulungwane. Kuqhamuke ikamu elihlala abantu eduze kwethu e-DC, futhi lapho simasha emigwaqweni, abantu basijoyina, ngenxa yalokho abakubonile bevela eNew York koomabonakude babo. Ngangingakaze ngikubone lokho ngaphambili. Izenzo eziningi esenze kuzo beziphazamisa, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi besigxile kakhulu emsebenzini. Sigubhe amaphoyisa ehlehla emizameni yokusisusa. Kepha besidinga indlela yokukhuphuka.
Nathi, ngicabanga, senqabile ukwamukela ukuthi lapho ukuzwelana komphakathi kwakwenzelwe khona kwakuyizisulu zaseWall Street. Uhlelo lwethu lwasekuqaleni lwalubandakanye lokho esakubona njengokugxila okukhulu ngempi, empeleni ebubini obuxhumanisayo iNkosi eyabukhomba njengezempi, ubandlululo nokuthanda izinto ngokweqile. Isenzo esibuhlungu engangiyingxenye yaso mhlawumbe kwakuyimizamo yethu yokubhikisha embukisweni wempi e-Air and Space Museum. Bekuyisimungulu ngoba ngithumele abantu ngqo ku-pepper spray futhi bekufanele ngabe ngihlole phambili ukugwema lokho. Kepha futhi bekuyisimungulu ngoba ngisho nabantu abanenqubekela phambili kancane, ngaleso sikhathi, abakwazanga ukuzwa umqondo wokulwa nempi, ingasaphathwa eyokuphakanyiswa kwempi yezempi ngeminyuziyamu. Abakwazanga nokuzwa umqondo wokuphikisa “onodoli” eCongress. Umuntu kwakudingeka athathe amakhosi opopayi ukuze aqondwe nhlobo, futhi abaphathi bamapopayi babengamabhange. "Ushintshe kusuka emabhange uye eSmithsonian !?" Eqinisweni, besingakaze sigxile emabhange, kepha izincazelo bezingasebenzi. Okudingekayo ukwamukela umzuzu.
Okwenze lowo mzuzu ubukeka, ngokwengxenye enkulu, njengenhlanhla. Kepha ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe imizamo ehlakaniphile yokwenza amasu anjalo, akwenzeki ngokwawo. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ngosuku lwe-1 singamemezela noma yini “Lokhu ukuvukela umbuso!” kepha okungenani singazibuza ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi "Ingabe lokhu kungumbhikisho?" futhi sizigcine siqonde kulowo mgomo.
Umbhalo ongezansi wale ncwadi uthi “How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century.” Kepha ukuvukela okungenabudlova ngokungafani nalokho? Cishe akekho ophakamisa ukuhlubuka okunodlame e-United States. Ngokuyinhloko le ncwadi iphakamisa ukuvukela okungahambisani nodlame kunokuhambisana ngokungenabudlova nohlelo olukhona, ukulusebenzisa ngokungenabudlova ngaphakathi kwemithetho yalo. Kepha kubhekwa namacala okwehliswa okungenabudlova komashiqela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Izimiso zempumelelo zibonakala ziyefana kungakhathalekile ukuthi uhulumeni uphikisana nohlobo luni.
Kepha kukhona, impela, ukugqugquzela udlame e-United States - ukukhuthaza kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba akekho ongakubona. Bengilokhu ngifundisa inkambo yokuqedwa kwempi, nengxabano engenakuqedwa ye-US enkulu utshalomali kubudlova uthi “Kuthiwani uma kufanele sizivikele ekuhlaselweni kohlanga?”
Ngakho bekuyoba kuhle ukuthi ababhali be Lokhu Kuyisivukelo iphendule umbuzo wokuhlasela okunodlame. Ukube besingasusa emasikweni ethu ukwesaba “ukuhlaselwa kohlanga,” singasusa emphakathini wethu impi eyizigidigidi zamarandi ngonyaka, futhi sikhuthaze umqondo wokuqala wokuthi udlame lungaphumelela. Abakwa-Englers baqaphela umonakalo odaleka odlameni ekunyakazeni okungenabudlova. Ukuduka okunjalo kuzophela esikweni eliyekile ukukholelwa ukuthi udlame lungaphumelela.
Nginobunzima bokwenza abafundi bangene emininingwaneni eminingi mayelana "nokuhlasela kwabo ukubulawa kwabantu," noma ukusho izibonelo zokuhlaselwa okunjalo. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuzithandela ngiya ebangeni elikhulu ngokuthi iMpi Yezwe II ibingagwemeka kanjani, yehluke kanjani izwe elihluke kakhulu kunanamuhla okwenzeka kulo, nokuthi izenzo ezingaphumelelanga neze zobudlova zaziphikisana namaNazi lapho zizanywa. Ngoba, vele, “ukuhlasela ngokuqothulwa kohlanga” kumane nje kuyigama elithandekayo elithi “Hitler.” Ngicele umfundi oyedwa ukuba aqambe igama lokuhlaselwa kwabantu ngokuqothulwa kwabantu abangazange bahlanganyele noma ababambe iqhaza ebuthweni lempi laseMelika noma uHitler. Ngabona ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kobuhlanga okwenziwa amasosha ase-US akunakusetshenziswa ngokufanelekile ukuthethelela ukuba khona kwamasosha ase-US.
Ngizamile ukukhiqiza olwami uhlu. U-Erica Chenoweth ucaphuna ukuhlasela kwe-Indonesia e-East Timor, lapho ukumelana kuhlonyiwe kwehluleke iminyaka kepha ukumelana okungenabudlova kwaphumelela. Ukuhlasela kweSyria kweLebanon kwaqedwa ngokungabi nodlame ngonyaka ka 2005. Ukuhlasela kwabakwaIsrayeli kohlanga lokuqothulwa kwamazwe asePalestine, ngenkathi kusatshiswa izikhali zaseMelika, kuye kwanqatshwa ngempumelelo enkulu kuze kube manje ngokungabi nodlame kunodlame. Ukubuyela emuva emuva esikhathini, singabheka ukuhlasela kweSoviet kweCzechoslovakia 1968 noma ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane eRuhr ngo-1923. Kodwa ngatshelwa ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu, akukhona ukuhlasela okufanele kokubulawa kwabantu. Awu, yini?
Isitshudeni sami sanginikeza lolu hlu: “IMpi Enkulu YamaSioux yango-1868, UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe, ukuhlaselwa kukaIsrayeli kohlanga lwamaPalestina.” Ngiphikisana nokuthi omunye wayehlomile e-US eminyakeni yamuva nje, omunye kwakunguHitler, kanti enye yayiyiminyaka eminingi edlule. Wabe eseveza isibonelo okusolwa ukuthi yiBosnia. Kungani kungenjalo icala elijwayelekile kakhulu laseRwanda, angazi. Kepha futhi ukuhlasela bekungekho ncamashi. Kokubili kwakuyizinto ezesabekayo ezingagwenywa ngokuphelele, eyodwa isetshenziswe njengezaba zempi, eyodwa yavunyelwa ukuqhubeka ngenhloso yokuguqulwa kombuso oyifunayo.
Le yincwadi engicabanga ukuthi sisayidinga, incwadi ebuza ukuthi yini okusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho isizwe sakho sihlaselwa. Abantu base-Okinawa bangazisusa kanjani izisekelo zase-US? Kungani abantu basePhilippines bengakwazanga ukubavalela ngaphandle ngemuva kokubasusa? Kungathathani ukuthi abantu base-United States basuse ezingqondweni zabo ukwesaba “ukuhlasela kokubulawa kwabantu” okulahla izinsiza zabo kumalungiselelo empi akhiqiza impi ngemuva kwempi, ebeka engcupheni i-apocalypse yenuzi?
Ingabe siyazama ukutshela ama-Iraq ukuthi akufanele abuyele emuva lapho amabhomu ethu ewa? Cha, cha, ngoba kufanele senze isivumelwano se-24-7 ekuzameni ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamabhomu. Kodwa okungathi akunakwenzeka ukucebisa ama-Iraqs ngendlela engcono kakhulu kunokulwa, ngokungaqondakali, kuwuvikela ngokusemthethweni inqubomgomo yokwakha amabhomu amaningi futhi okumele ahlasele amabutho ase-Iraq. Lokho kufanele kuphele.
Ngalokho sizodinga i- Lokhu Kuyisivukelo lokho okushoyo umbuso wase-US.
