nguDavid Swanson, Ake sizame ngentando yeningi, Okthoba 19, 2021
Umngane wangibuza ukuthi ngingakwazi yini “ukuphikisa” isihloko mayelana nama-drones ashicilelwe yi-"Responsible Statecraft," futhi angiqiniseki ukuthi ngingakwazi. Uma i-athikili bekumele imelene nezinhlobo ezithile zokudlwengulwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa noma unya lwezilwane noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kodwa yakhelwe kucatshangwa ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe nalezo zinto, nakuba izinguqulo zazo ezishintshiwe, bengingeke ngiphikise isidingo sokuphikisa unya oluthile. Nokho, ngingawubuza umcabango wokuthi lokho kuhle ngokwanele.
Futhi uma abantu ababekhokhelwa ukusekela ukuhlukunyezwa kwamakati bephikisana nokwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokugqokisa amagilavu, ngingancoma ukuthola umbono womuntu ongakhokhelwa ukuze acabange ngaleyo ndlela, ikakhulukazi ukushicilelwa kuwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuphikisaneni nokuhlukunyezwa kwamakati (nge noma ungawagqokile amagilavu).
Yebo, kunezinkolelo ezingamanga ezakhelwe ekubukeni komhlaba okumelelwe i-athikili exhunywe ngenhla, kodwa futhi kukhona umbono wezwe oyisisekelo owamukela ukubulala, okungenani uma kwenziwa ngemicibisholo evela endizeni yerobhothi.
Hhayi ngokuqondana, umbono wezwe ohambisana neBlobthought ngokuphelele kangangokuthi ucabanga ukuthi “Over the Horizon” ukuba yingxenye “yenkulumo yansuku zonke” ngoba othile e-White House wayecabanga ukuthi ibinzana elisha elihle lokufiphaza ukuqhunyiswa kwezwi. abantu kwamanye amazwe.
Futhi akumane kwaqondana, umbono womhlaba ongashayi mkhuba ubukhona bemithetho, imithetho emelene nokubulala etholakala kuzo zonke izizwe emhlabeni, kanye nemithetho emelene nempi etholakala ezweni. I-Hague Convention ye-1907, lo I-Kellogg-Briand Pact ye-1928, lo I-United Nations Charter ka-1945, lo Isivumelwano seNorth Atlantic sika-1949, Kanye Isitatimende saseRoma sase-International Criminal Court.
Umbono womhlaba ohlukanisa ngempela ubuphekula bezinga elikhulu nobuphekula babantu abampofu, uphinde ulebule obungaphambili ngokuthi “ubuphekula”.
Ingena enkingeni eyiqiniso lapho ithi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-counter-terrorism kuvimbela noma kunciphisa noma kuqeda ubuphekula, futhi lapho iphakamisa ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu ngama-drone okwenziwa ezindaweni lapho amasosha ephansi abulala abantu abalungile futhi aphumelele ukungaphikisi- kuveza ngendlela okwenziwa ngayo ukubulawa kwabantu nge-drone kwenye indawo kuvame ukuba njalo.
Iqhubekisela phambili inganekwane embi yezindaba lapho iphakamisa ukuthi ukubulawa kwe-drone eKabul okwaba yizindaba njengoba nje i-US yayisusa amasosha e-Afghanistan kwakuhlukile - hhayi ngoba "ukuphela" kwempi kwakuyizindaba futhi indawo yayisenhloko-dolobha - kodwa. ngoba izinkulungwane zabanye ukubulawa kwe-drone konke kwabulala abantu abafanele futhi akuzange kukhiqize izitha ezingaphezu kwabulawa.
Iguqula iqiniso lapho iveza ukuqhuma kwabantu abaningi e-Afghanistan ngemicibisholo njengenkonzo yomphakathi futhi iphakamisa ukuthi iFrance kufanele yabelane ngengxenye yomthwalo wokuyinikeza.
The engokoqobo, vele, sekungamashumi eminyaka okubulala okungapheli kwe-drone, okuhlanganisa "iziteleka zokusayina" kanye "nompompi kabili" okuqondiswe kakhulu abantu abangaziwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abahlonziwe ababengaboshwa kalula ukube kwakungekho ukukhetha ukubabulala kanye nanoma ubani oseduze nabo. UDaniel Hale usejele, hhayi ngenxa yokudalula uhlelo olufanele lokubulala manje olonakaliswe ngokuhoxa ngaphesheya "kwesibhakabhaka," kepha ngokuveza ubudlova obungenangqondo bempi ye-drone.
Ukube ukubulawa kwabantu ngama-drone bekungaphumeleli ngokwemibandela yabo, besingeke sibe nezikhulu eziningi zamasosha ase-US ezisanda kuthatha umhlalaphansi ezibagxekayo ngokuba njalo. Mhlawumbe i- "Responsible Statecraft" kufanele ilinde abasebenzi bezempi ukuthi bathathe umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kokushicilela inkulumo-ze yabo. Umbiko we-CIA okutholiwe uhlelo lwayo lokubulala i-drone luyaphikisana. Isikhulu seCIA Bin Laden Unit wathi lapho i-United States ilwa kakhulu nobuphekula yilapho idala khona ubuphekula. Owake waba nguMqondisi weNational Intelligence wabhala ukuthi nakuba "ukuhlasela kwe-drone kusize ukunciphisa ubuholi beQaeda ePakistan, futhi kwandise inzondo ngeMelika." Owake waba yiPhini likaSihlalo we-Joint Chiefs of Staff kugcinwe ukuthi “Sibona lokho kubuyela emuva. Uma uzama ukubulala indlela yakho yokuthola isixazululo, noma ngabe unembe kangakanani, uzocasula abantu noma bengaqondiwe.” Bobabili General Stanley mcchrystal nowokuqala UK Special Representative e-Afghanistan bathi konke ukubulala kukhiqiza izitha eziyi-10 ezintsha. Owayekade eyisikhulu sezasolwandle (i-Iraq) nowayengumphathi wamanxusa aseMelika (i-Iraq ne-Afghanistan) uMatthew Hoh uphetha ngokuthi ukwenyuka kwamasosha “kuzobhebhezela ukuvukela umbuso. Kuzoqinisa izimangalo zezitha zethu ukuthi singamandla okuhlala, ngoba singamandla okuthatha. Futhi lokho kuzobhebhethekisa ukuvukela umbuso. Futhi lokho kuzodala ukuthi abantu abaningi balwe nathi noma labo abasilwa nathi ukuthi baqhubeke nokulwa nathi. ”
Yiqiniso, ubuphekula ngokubikezelwa yanda kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2014, ikakhulukazi njengomphumela obikezelwayo wempi yobuphekula. Futhi 95% kukho konke ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula okuzibulala ngamacala angenakulinganiswa enziwa ukukhuthaza abahlali bakwamanye amazwe ukuthi bashiye izwe lakubo lobuphekula. Ukuthi indlela engakhiqizi ingenzeka kuye kwafakazelwa izikhathi eziningi. Isibonelo, ngoMashi 11, 2004, amabhomu e-Al Qaeda abulala abantu abangu-191 eMadrid, eSpain, ngaphambi nje kokhetho lapho iqembu elithile lalikhankasela ukubamba iqhaza kweSpain empini eyayiholwa yi-US e-Iraq. Abantu baseSpain uvotelwe amaSocialists angenisa amandla, futhi asusa wonke amabutho aseSpain e-Iraq ngoMeyi. Kwakungekho amanye amabhomu eSpain. Lo mlando ume ngokuhlukahluka kakhulu kweBrithani, i-United States, namanye amazwe asabele ekubuyiseni impi ngempi ethe xaxa, ngokuvamisile okuholela kakhulu ekubuyiseni.
Impi “ephumelelayo” ye-drone e-Yemen yasiza ngokuqhubekayo ukukhiqiza impi yendabuko e-Yemen. Ukumakethwa ngempumelelo kwama-drones abulalayo kuholele ekuthathweni kwezindiza zamasosha ngohulumeni bezwe abangaphezu kwe-100. Umuntu akakwazi ukuzibamba ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe wonke umuntu eMhlabeni uyavuma yini ukuthi obani abantu abafanele ukuqhuma nokuthi yibaphi okungafanelekile.
