NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Ngo-September 12, i-2022
Enye yamabhulogi engiwathandayo ekaCaitlin Johnstone. Kungani ngingakaze ngibhale ukuthi kukhulu kangakanani? Angiqiniseki. Ngimatasa kakhulu ukuthi ngibhale ngezinto eziningi. Ngike ngammema ohlelweni lwami lomsakazo futhi angizange ngiphendule. Ngiyazi ukuthi enye yezinto engizikhonzile engingayenza nayo ingeyakhe: lungisa amaphutha abanye. Ngiyathanda ukulungisa amaphutha ami nami, kunjalo, kodwa akujabulisi kangako, futhi kubonakala kuwusizo kuphela ukubhala ngakho lapho iphutha lami labelwa izigidi. Ngicabanga ukuthi uNksz Johnstone manje wenze, ngendlela yakhe enethalente, iphutha elabiwe izigidi eposini elibizwa. “Kule Nhlekelele Sonke, Ekugcineni, Simsulwa,” futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ngikhumbula othile ebiza uJean-Paul Sartre ngongqondongqondo omkhulu wokugcina ongaxoxa ngokukhululekile nganoma yisiphi isihloko, noma ngabe kukhona akwaziyo ngakho noma cha. Lokhu kuzwakala njengokuthuka kancane, kodwa kungafundwa njengokudumisa uma kuqondwa ukuthi kusho ukuthi, ngenkathi eqaphela lokho ayengakwazi, uSartre wayehlale ekwazi ukunikeza imicabango ehlakaniphile evezwe ngokugqamile. Yilokhu engikujabulelayo ngama-blogger afana noJohnstone. Abanye abantu ubafunda ngoba benolwazi oluthile noma isizinda noma isikhundla esisemthethweni. Abanye obafundisayo ngoba banekhono lokubona izehlakalo zamanje futhi bakhiphe amathrendi abalulekile avame ukuphuthelwa noma, ezimweni eziningi, ahlolwe - kufaka phakathi ukuzihlola. Ngiyesaba, nokho, ukuthi uSartre ubengaphelelwa yithemba ngokwakamuva kukaJohnstone.
Ngithatha iphuzu eliyisisekelo kokuningi kokubhala kuka-Sartre kube wukuyeka ukubeka izaba ezikhubazekile futhi ngamukele umthwalo wemfanelo. Awukwazi ukubalekela ukukhetha noma ukusho ukuthi kwenziwa omunye umuntu. UNkulunkulu ufile futhi uyabola kanye noMoya kanye namandla angaqondakali kanye neKarma kanye nokudonsa kwezinkanyezi. Uma wena njengomuntu ngamunye wenza okuthile, kukuwe. Uma iqembu labantu njengeqembu lenza okuthile, likulo noma nathi. Awukwazi ukukhetha ukundiza noma ukubona ngezindonga; ukukhetha kwakho kunqunyelwe kulokho okungenzeka. Futhi izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezithembekile zingaba khona kulokho okungenzeka, okungenzeka angizange ngivumelane ngaso sonke isikhathi no-Sartre. Izinkulumo-mpikiswano eziqotho zingaba khona ngokuqinisekile mayelana nokuthi yini ehlakaniphile futhi enhle, lapho ngokuqinisekile bengingeke ngivumelane kakhulu no-Sartre. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yalokho okungenzeka, mina - nayo yonke incazelo yomuntu engase ibe khona ethi "thina" - sinomthwalo wemfanelo 100% ngokukhetha kwethu, okungcono noma okubi kakhulu, ngesikweletu nokusola.
Ngithatha iphuzu eliyisisekelo lebhulogi yakamuva ka-Johnstone ukuthi abantu abasenawo umthwalo wemfanelo “wokushelela ekubhujisweni nge-armageddon yenuzi noma inhlekelele yemvelo” kunomlutha we-heroin wokufuna i-heroin. Impendulo yami akukhona ukuthi umlutha we-heroin kahle unesibopho ngoba wabanjwa noma ngoba uSartre wakufakazela ngamazwi amade kakhulu. Ukulutheka - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimbangela zako zisemuthini noma kumuntu - kungokoqobo; futhi noma ngabe bekungenjalo, bekungathathwa njengeqiniso ngenxa yale mpikiswano okuwumfanekiso nje. Ukukhathazeka kwami kumbono wokuthi isintu asikwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwaso ngakho-ke asinasibopho ngakho, noma njengoba uJohnstone ekubeka:
“Ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokufanayo kuqhutshwa amandla aqulekile ezingeni elihlangene, kodwa esikhundleni sokuhlukumezeka kwasebuntwaneni sikhuluma ngawo wonke umlando wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye nomlando wempucuko. . . . Lokho konke ukuziphatha komuntu okungekuhle ekugcineni yilokhu: amaphutha enziwa ngenxa yokuntula ukwazi. . . . Ngakho sonke simsulwa ekugcineni.” Lokhu kumbhedo welungelo lobunikazi. Abantu benza izinqumo ezimbi ngamabomu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abantu benza ngenxa yokuhaha noma inzondo. Banokuzisola namahloni. Zonke izenzo ezimbi azenziwanga ungaqondile. Angikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo uJohnstone enza enye into ngaphandle kokuhleka izaba zokuthi uGeorge W. Bush, uColin Powell, neqembu lezigelekeqe abazange “baqambe amanga besazi.” Hhayi nje ngoba sinabo erekhodini bethi bayalazi iqiniso, kodwa nangenxa yokuthi wona kanye umqondo wokuqamba amanga ubungeke ube khona ngaphandle komkhuba wokuqamba amanga ngamabomu.
UJohnstone ulandisa indaba yokukhula “kwempucuko” sengathi sonke isintu sase sikhona manje futhi besilokhu siyisiko elilodwa. Lena iphupho eliduduzayo. Kuhle ukubuka imiphakathi yamanje noma yomlando yabantu ephila noma ephila ngokuzinza noma ngaphandle kwempi bese sicabanga ukuthi, uma kunikezwe isikhathi, izoziphatha njengabasebenzi bePentagon. Kusezakhini zofuzo zabo noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo noma ukuquleka kweqoqo noma okuthize. Yebo kungenzeka lokho, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi akwenzeki futhi akusekelwa yinoma yibuphi ubufakazi. Isizathu sokufunda Ukusa Kwakho Konke nguDavid Graeber noDavid Wengrow akukhona ukuthi babenakho konke ukuqagela kuphelele, kodwa ukuthi babeke icala elikhulu kakhulu - kudala lenziwa uMargaret Meade - lokuthi ukuziphatha kwemiphakathi yabantu kungokwesiko futhi kuyakhethwa. Alukho uchungechunge lwenqubekela phambili olubikezelwayo ukusuka kokwakudala kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi, umbuso wobukhosi ukuya kuntando yeningi, ukuzulazula ukuya kokumile kuye kwabagcini bezikhali zenuzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imiphakathi iye yehla naphambili kuzo zonke izindawo, isuka kwencane iye kwenkulu iye kwencane, isuka kobushiqela iye kweyentando yeningi nentando yeningi iye kobushiqela, isuka kokunokuthula iye kokuthanda ukulwa. Zibe zinkulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zinokuthula. Bebebancane futhi bezulazula futhi bethanda impi. Kuncane imvumelwano noma isizathu, ngoba ukukhetha kwamasiko kuyisinqumo esinqunyelwe uNkulunkulu noma uMarx noma "isintu."
Esikweni lase-US, noma yikuphi u-4% wesintu owenza okungalungile akulona iphutha laleyo 4% kodwa "lemvelo yomuntu." Kungani i-US ingakwazi ukuqeda impi njengezwe lesibili eligcwele impi? Imvelo yomuntu! Kungani i-US ingenakho ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwawo wonke umuntu njengoba amazwe amaningi enakho? Imvelo yomuntu! Ukuhlanganisa amaphutha esiko elilodwa, ngisho nelinye elinezisekelo zaseHollywood neziyi-1,000 zakwamanye amazwe kanye ne-IMF kanye noSaint Volodymyr emaphutheni esintu ngakho-ke akukho phutha lamuntu elingafaneleki nje kuma-blogger aphikisana nombuso.
Akudingekile ukuba sivumele isiko elikhiphayo, elidlayo, elibhubhisayo lilawule imbulunga yonke. Ngisho nesiko elincipha kancane ngaleyo ndlela belingeke lidale isimo samanje sengozi yenuzi kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo. Singashintshela esikweni elihlakaniphe kakhudlwana, elizinzile kusasa. Yebo bekungeke kube lula. Labo phakathi kwethu abafuna ukukwenza kuyodingeka benze okuthile ngabantu abesabekayo abaphethe kanye nalabo abalalela inkulumo-ze yabo. Sizodinga ama-blogger amaningi afana no-Johnstone agxeka futhi adalule inkulumo-ze yawo. Kodwa besingakwenza - akukho okukhombisa ukuthi ngeke sikwenze - futhi sidinga ukusebenzela kukho. Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi uJohnstone uyavuma ukuthi sidinga ukusebenzela kukho. Kodwa ukutshela abantu ukuthi inkinga ingokunye okungesona isiko, ukutshela abantu umbhedo ongenasisekelo wokuthi kuyindlela nje yonke imvelo eyiyo, akusizi.
Ekuphikiseni ukuqedwa kwempi, umuntu ugijimela emcabangweni ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi impi iyindlela nje abantu abenza ngayo, nakuba iningi lomlando kanye ne-prehistory yabantu ayinalutho olufana nempi, nakuba abantu abaningi benza noma yini abangayenza. ukugwema impi, nakuba imiphakathi eminingi iye yaphela amakhulu eminyaka ingenayo impi.
Njengoba nje abanye bethu bakuthola kunzima ukucabanga izwe elingenayo impi noma ukubulala, ezinye izinhlangano zabantu zithole kunzima ukucabanga izwe lezizinto. Indoda yaseMalaysia, yabuza ukuthi kungani engayikudubula umcibisholo kubagibeli bezinceku, yaphendula yathi "Ngoba yayizobabulala." Wayengakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ubani ongakhetha ukubulala. Kulula ukumsola ukuthi akanakho ukucabanga, kodwa kulula kangakanani ngathi ukuba sicabange isiko lapho kungekho muntu owake akhetha ukubulala futhi impi ayingaziwa? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kulula noma kunzima ukukucabanga, noma ukudala, lokhu kunqunywe ukuthi kuyindaba yenkambiso hhayi i-DNA.
Ngokwenganekwane, impi “ingokwemvelo.” Nokho kudingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu ukuze kulungiselelwe abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele empini, futhi ukuhlupheka okukhulu kwengqondo kuvamile phakathi kwalabo abaye babamba iqhaza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, akekho noyedwa umuntu owaziwayo ukuthi uke wazisola ngokujulile ngokuziphatha noma ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka ngenxa yokuswela impi - noma ukuphila okusimeme, noma ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-nukes.
Esitatimendeni Seville mayelana Nodlame (PDF), ososayensi abahamba phambili bokuziphatha emhlabeni bayawuphikisa umbono wokuthi udlame oluhleliwe lwabantu [isib. impi] lunqunywa ngokwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sitatimende samukelwe yi-UNESCO. Okufanayo kusebenza ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo.
Ngethemba ukuthi nginephutha ukuthi ukutshela abantu ukuthi basole zonke izinhlobo zabo, kanye nomlando wayo kanye ne-prehistory, kubaqeda amandla ekuthatheni isinyathelo. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuyingxabano nje yezemfundo. Kodwa ngesaba kakhulu ukuthi akunjalo, nokuthi abantu abaningi - ngisho noma kungeyena uJohnstone uqobo - abangazitholi izaba ezinhle kuNkulunkulu noma "uNkulunkulu" bathola izaba eziwusizo ngokuziphatha kwabo okubi ekuthatheni amaphutha. isiko laseNtshonalanga elibusayo nokubabeka icala ekunqumeni okukhulu okungaphezu kwamandla awo wonke umuntu.
Anginandaba nokuthi abantu bazizwa bemsulwa noma benecala. Anginayo intshisekelo yokwenza abanye noma mina ngizizwe nginamahloni. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunganika amandla ukwazi ukuthi ukukhetha kungokwethu nokuthi sinamandla amakhulu okulawula imicimbi kunalabo abaphethe abafuna sikholwe. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ngifuna isenzo neqiniso futhi ngicabanga ukuthi zingasebenza ndawonye, ngisho noma zihlangene kuphela zingasikhulula.
