I-NATO Yasebukhosini: Ngaphambi nangemva kweBrexit

Ibhalwe nguJoseph Gerson, Amaphupho ajwayelekile

Izintshisekelo zethu nokuphila kwethu kuncike ku-Common Security diplomacy kunokwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe nokubulalayo kwezempi.

Empendulweni yakhe yokuqala yomphakathi ngevoti leBrexit elinyakazise i-Europe kanye nengxenye enkulu yomhlaba, uMongameli u-Obama wayefuna ukuqinisekisa abantu baseMelika nabanye. Usinxuse ukuthi singavumeli i-hysteria futhi wagcizelela ukuthi i-NATO ayizange iphele ne-Brexit. Umfelandawonye weTrans-Atlantic, wakhumbuza umhlaba, uyakhuthazela.¹ Lapho ubhekene nalokho okungase kube ukuhlukana kancane kwe-European Union ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kwabangabazayo be-Euro, bheka i-US kanye nabalingani baseYurophu abahlangene ukuze bandise ukuzibophezela kwabo kubumbano le-NATO leminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa. Isiphithiphithi esakhiwa ngemuva kokuthumba kweRussia iCrimea nokungenelela empumalanga ye-Ukraine kanye novalo lokuwa kwezimpi eziqhubekayo nezinhlekelele eMpumalanga Ephakathi kuzosebenza njengezindawo zokuthengisa ze-NATO.

Kodwa, njengoba sibhekene nekusasa, noma / noma ukucabanga kanye ne-NATO kudingeka ishiywe. Njengoba ngisho noMeluleki Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke kaMongameli uCarter uZbigniew Brzezinski afundisa, selokhu yasungulwa i-NATO bekuyiphrojekthi yombuso.² Kunokuba sidale iMpi Yomshoshaphansi entsha, egcwele ngokugcwele futhi eyingozi kakhulu, izintshisekelo zethu nempilo yethu incike ku-Common Security diplomacy.³ kunokuba ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe nokubulalayo kwezempi.

Lokhu akusho ukuvala amehlo ekuhlaseleni kukaPutin ekukhulumeni ngokukhululeka kanye nentando yeningi, noma ukugebenga kwezikhali zenuzi zaseMoscow kanye nokuhlasela kwe-cyberattacks.⁴  Kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi i-Common Security diplomacy yaqeda iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukuthi u-Putin wayecindezela futhi enonya, wabopha inhlekelele yase-Yeltsin-era yaseRussia, futhi wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni izikhali zamakhemikhali zaseSyria. Isivumelwano se-P-5+1 yenuzi ne-Iran. Kudingeka futhi sivume ukuthi njengoba kunabantu abayizigidi ezimbili emajele ase-US, okuhlanganisa i-Guantanamo, ukwamukeleka kukahulumeni wobushiqela wase-Poland kanye nobukhosi base-Saudi, kanye nempi “ye-Pivot to Asia” i-US ihola umhlaba ongenankululeko kangako.

Ukucabanga kwe-Zero-sum akunantshisekelo yanoma ubani. Kukhona ezinye izindlela Zokuvikela Ezivamile esikhundleni sokungezwani kwezempi okwandayo nokuyingozi.

Siyayiphikisa i-NATO ngenxa yokubusa kwayo i-neo-colonial iningi leYurophu, indima yayo ezimpini zombuso kanye nokubusa, usongo olukhona lwenuzi olubeka ekusindeni kwabantu, nangenxa yokuthi iphambukisa izimali ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zezenhlalakahle, inciphisa izimpilo e-US nakwezinye izindawo. izizwe.

UWilliam Faulkner wabhala ukuthi “okwedlule akukafi, ukuthi akukedluli,” iqiniso eliphindaphindayo ngevoti le-Brexit. Indlela esisondela ngayo esikhathini samanje nekusasa kumele yaziswe yizinhlekelele zomlando. Amazwe ase-Europe Emaphakathi naseMpumalanga okuhlanganisa nePoland anqotshiwe, abuswa futhi acindezelwa abantu baseLithuania, abaseSweden, amaJalimane, amaTatar, ama-Ottoman namaRussia—kanye nama-despots akhule ekhaya. Futhi iPoland yake yaba amandla ombuso e-Ukraine.

Uma kubhekwa lo mlando nokunye okucatshangelwayo, kuwumsangano ukubeka engcupheni yokuqothulwa kwezikhali zenuzi ukuze uphoqelele imingcele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi njengoba sifundile esinqumweni Sokuphepha Esivamile seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukusinda kwethu kuncike ekubekeni inselele ukucabanga kwezokuphepha kwendabuko. Ukungezwani okwandayo okuza nemifelandawonye yezempi, imijaho yezikhali, izakhiwo zezempi nezimboni kanye nobuzwe obunobandlululo kunganqotshwa ngokuzibophezela ekuhlonipheni.

I-1913?

Lesi yinkathi enokufana neminyaka eyandulela iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Umhlaba uphawuleka ngamandla akhuphukayo nanciphayo alangazelela ukugcina noma ukwandisa amalungelo awo namandla. Sinemijaho yezikhali enobuchwepheshe obusha; ubuzwe obuvukayo, izingxabano zendawo, ukuncintisana kwezinsiza, izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomfelandawonye, ​​ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho kanye nokuncintisana, nabalingisi bamakhadi asendle okuhlanganisa noNobhala Wezokuvikela wase-US olungiselela ingqungquthela ye-NATO ngokulingisa amafilimu ezigelekeqe ngokuthi “Uzama noma yini, uzoyenza. uxolo”,⁵  kanye namabutho aphiko lwesokudla kulo lonke elase-US naseYurophu, nabashisekeli benkolo abangababulali.

Ukuncintisana kwe-NATO kanye nokuzivocavoca kwezempi yaseRussia kuqeda ukungezwani kwezempi kangangokuthi owayenguNobhala Wezokuvikela wase-US uPerry axwayise ngokuthi impi yenuzi manje isemathubeni amaningi kunangesikhathi sempi yamakhaza.⁶  UCarl Conetta wayeqinisile lapho ebhala "impendulo yezempi ye-NATO" eya eRussia e-Ukraine "iyisibonelo esiphelele semijikelezo yokusabela ekhombisayo." Uyachaza, iMoscow ayinayo “isifiso sokuzibulala… ayinanhloso yokuhlasela i-NATO.”⁷  I-Anaconda-2016 yangenyanga edlule, ehlanganisa amasosha e-NATO angu-31,000 - angu-14,000 awo lapha e-Poland - namasosha avela emazweni angu-24 kwaba umdlalo wempi omkhulu kunayo yonke eMpumalanga Yurophu kusukela ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi.⁸  Cabanga impendulo kaWashington uma iRussia noma iChina yenza imidlalo yempi efanayo emngceleni waseMexico.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukwanda kwe-NATO emingceleni yayo; indlunkulu yayo entsha yobuhlakani ePoland naseRomania; ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwezempi kanye nokuzivocavoca kwezempi okuvusa inkanuko kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Yurophu, emazweni aseBaltic, eScandinavia kanye noLwandle Olumnyama, kanye nokuthi i-US iphindaphinda kane ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezempi eYurophu, akufanele simangale ukuthi iRussia izama "ukuphikisa" i-NATO. Yakha. Futhi, ngezivikelo zemicibisholo ehlobene nesiteleka yokuqala yaseWashington eRomania nasePoland kanye nokuphakama kwayo kwezikhali ezivamile, zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nezikhali zasemkhathini, kufanele sithuke kodwa singamangali ngokwenyuka kweMoscow ukuthembela kwezikhali zenuzi.

Sikhumbula imiphumela yezinhlamvu ezidutshulwe isibhamu sombulali eSarajevo eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, sinesizathu sokukhathazeka ngokuthi yini engase yenzeke uma isosha lase-US elethukile noma elinolaka ngokweqile laseMelika, laseRussia noma lasePoland, liphushela ngaphezu kwemingcele yalo, ngokucasuka noma ngengozi, iqhumisa umcibisholo wokulwa nendiza owehlisa i-US, NATO noma enye indiza yempi yaseRussia. Njengoba i-European-Russian-US Deep Cuts Commission iphetha ngokuthi “Ezindaweni zokungathembani okujulile, ukwanda kokuqina kwemisebenzi yezempi engase ibe nobutha eduze - futhi ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yezombutho wezomoya kanye nezempi yasolwandle ezindaweni zaseBaltic kanye noLwandle Olumnyama - kungenzeka. kuphumela kwezinye izigameko zezempi eziyingozi…. kungase kubangele ukubalwa kabi kanye/noma ezingozini futhi kuqhubeke ngendlela engahlosiwe.”⁹ Abantu bangabantu. Izingozi zenzeka. Amasistimu akhelwe ukuphendula - kwesinye isikhathi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

I-Imperial Alliance

I-NATO ingumfelandawonye wombuso. Ngale komgomo obonakalayo wokuqukatha i-USSR, i-NATO yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa ohulumeni baseYurophu, ezomnotho, amasosha, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nemiphakathi ezinhlelweni ezibuswa yi-US. I-NATO iqinisekise ukufinyelela kwe-US ezisekelweni zamasosha ukuze kungenelele e-Greater Middle East nase-Afrika. Futhi, njengoba uMichael T. Glennon abhala, ngempi yango-1999 emelene ne-Serbia, i-US kanye ne-NATO “ngezingxoxo ezincane kanye nentshiseko encane… uhlelo olukubekezelela kakhulu ukungenela kwezempi kodwa olunemithetho embalwa eqinile nesheshayo.” Ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuthi uPutin wamukela isiqubulo esithi “Imithetho emisha noma ayikho imithetho, nokuzibophezela kwakhe kweyangaphambili.¹⁰

Kusukela impi yaseSerbia, ngokuphambene ne-UN Charter, i-US ne-NATO yahlasela i-Afghanistan ne-Iraq, yabhubhisa i-Libya, futhi amazwe ayisishiyagalombili e-NATO manje asempini eSyria. Kodwa sinehlaya likaNobhala Jikelele we-NATO uStoltenberg ethi ngeke kube khona ibhizinisi njengenjwayelo kuze kube iRussia ihlonipha umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.¹¹

Khumbula ukuthi unobhala-jikelele wokuqala we-NATO, iNkosi u-Ismay wachaza ukuthi umbimbi lwenzelwe "ukugcina amaJalimane phansi, amaRussia aphume kanye namaMelika", okungeyona indlela yokwakha ikhaya elivamile laseYurophu. Yadalwa ngaphambi kweSivumelwano saseWarsaw, lapho iRussia yayisanyakaza ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwamaNazi. Nakuba kwakungalungile, isivumelwano se-Yalta esahlukanisa iYurophu ibe yizindawana zase-US naseSoviet, sabonwa abenzi benqubomgomo base-US njengenani okufanele likhokhwe ngenxa yokuthi iMoscow iqhube amabutho kaHitler empumalanga namaphakathi neYurophu. Ngomlando kaNapoleon, uKaiser noHitler, ukusungulwa kwe-US kwaqonda ukuthi uStalin wayenesizathu sokwesaba ukuhlasela okuzayo okuvela eNtshonalanga. Ngakho-ke i-US yaba nesandla ekubuthweni kwekoloni kwe-Moscow kwezizwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu naseBaltic.

Kwesinye isikhathi izikhulu ze-US "zokuvikela kazwelonke" zikhuluma iqiniso. UZbigniew Brzezinski, owayengumeluleki kaMongameli Carter's National Security Advisor, ushicilele incwadi yokuqala echaza indlela lokho akubiza ngokuthi “iphrojekthi yombuso” wase-US.¹² isebenza. Wachaza ngokwesimo sezulu, ukubusa phezu kwenkabazwe yase-Eurasia kubalulekile ukuze kube amandla abusayo emhlabeni. Ukuze kufakwe amandla okucindezelayo endaweni yenhliziyo yase-Eurasia, “njengamandla esiqhingi” angekho e-Eurasia, i-US idinga ukubamba iqhaza emikhawulweni yase-Eurasia esentshonalanga, eningizimu nasempumalanga. Lokho uBrzezinski akubiza ngokuthi “izwe elingaphansi” kwe-NATO, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ‘ukugxiliswa kwethonya lezombangazwe laseMelika namandla ezempi ezweni lase-Eurasia.” Ngemuva kwevoti le-Brexit, abahlonishwa base-US nabaseYurophu bazothembela kakhulu ku-NATO emzamweni wabo wokubamba iYurophu ndawonye kanye nokuqinisa ithonya lase-US.

Kukhona okungaphezu kokuhlanganisa indawo yaseYurophu, izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni ezibuswa yi-US. Njengoba owayenguNobhala Wezempi uRumsfeld akubeka, ngokwesiko lokuhlukanisa nokunqoba, ngokudlala i-New (Eastern and Central) Europe ngokumelene ne-Old Europe eNtshonalanga, iWashington yanqoba isiFulentshi, isiJalimane kanye nokusekelwa kwamaDashi empini yokudiliza uSaddam Hussein.

Futhi ngalokho ngisho i-New York Times ikuchaza ngokuthi “ukuhlasela kwakwesokudla, ubuzwe kwabezindaba nezomthetho zezwe” kanye “nokuhlehla ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zentando yeningi ekhululekile” nguhulumeni waseKacynski, i-US ayizange ibe nokungabaza ekwenzeni iPoland. indawo esempumalanga ye-NATO.¹³  Inkulumo kaWashington mayelana nokuzibophezela kwayo embusweni wentando yeningi iphikisana nomlando wayo omude wokweseka omashiqela nemibuso yengcindezelo eYurophu, amakhosi afana namaSaudis, kanye nezimpi zayo zokunqoba kusukela ePhilippines naseVietnam kuya e-Iraq naseLibya.

I-Washington's European toehold iphinde yaqinisa ukubamba kwayo endaweni ecebile yezinsiza ze-Southern Eurasia. Izimpi ze-NATO e-Afghanistan naseMpumalanga Ephakathi zilandela isiko lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. Ngaphambi kwenhlekelele yase-Ukraine, isiqondiso samasu sePentagon¹⁴ inikeze i-NATO umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukulawula imithombo yezimbiwa kanye nohwebo ngenkathi iqinisa ukuzungeza iChina kanye neRussia.¹⁵  Ngakho-ke i-NATO yamukela imfundiso yayo “yokusebenza ngaphandle kwendawo”, okwenza lokho uNobhala u-Kerry akubiza ngokuthi “imishini yohambo” e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nangale kwenjongo eyinhloko yomfelandawonye.¹⁶

Okubalulekile ekusebenzeni "ngaphandle kwendawo" kube yimpi ye-drone yase-US ehlanganisa uhlu lokubulawa kuka-Obama kanye nokubulawa kwe-drone yase-US kanye ne-NATO ngaphandle kwenkantolo, eziningi zazo ezibulale izakhamuzi. Lokhu-ke, kuye kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba kuqede ukumelana nokweqisa nobuphekula. Izizwe eziyishumi nanhlanu ze-NATO zibamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) olusebenza lusuka kusizinda se-NATO e-Italy, nezindiza ze-NATO ze-Global Hawk killer ezisetshenziswa e-Ramstein Air Base eJalimane.¹⁷

I-Ukraine kanye nokwanda kwe-NATO

Inani elandayo labahlaziyi bamasu baseMelika, okuhlanganisa nowayenguMkhuzi Omkhulu we-US Strategic Command General Lee Butler uthe i-US yangemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi "i-triumphalism," iphatha iRussia "njenge-serf exoshiwe," kanye nokwanda kwe-NATO kubagibeli baseRussia yize Isivumelwano sikaBush I-Gorbachev sidale ukungezwani kwezempi kwanamuhla neRussia.¹⁸ I-Russia ayizange ibangele inkinga yase-Ukraine. Ukunwetshwa kwe-NATO emingceleni yaseRussia, ukuqokwa kwe-Ukraine njengezwe “elifisayo” le-NATO, kanye nezandulela zeMpi yase-Kosovo ne-Iraq ngayinye yadlala indima yayo.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi u-Putin umsulwa njengoba evuselela izwe lakhe elikhohlakele le-neo-Tsarist nemikhankaso yokuqinisekisa ithonya lezombangazwe laseRussia "eduze phesheya" kanye neYurophu uqobo, futhi njengoba eshaya umnotho weRussia nezempi eChina. Kodwa, ngasohlangothini lwethu, sinoNobhala Kerry's Orwellian doublespeak. Wasigxeka “isenzo sobudlova esimangalisayo” saseMoscow e-Ukraine, ethi “awuziphathi ngemfashini yekhulu lama-21 ngokuhlasela elinye izwe [nge]zaba ezingamanga.”¹⁹  I-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSyria, neLibya yanyamalala emgodini wenkumbulo yakhe!

Sekuyisikhathi eside amandla amakhulu engenela e-Ukraine, futhi kwaba njalo ngokuketulwa kukaMaidan. Ngaphambi kokuketula umbuso, iWashington kanye ne-EU bathululela izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuliseni amadlelandawonye ase-Ukraine ukuze asuse iRiphabhulikhi yaseSoviet yangaphambili eMoscow futhi abheke eNtshonalanga. Abaningi bayakhohlwa isiphetho se-EU kuhulumeni okhohlakele waseYanukovych: I-Ukraine ingathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo eziya ebulungwini be-EU kuphela ngokushisa amabhuloho ayo eMoscow, lapho impumalanga ye-Ukraine yayiboshelwe khona ngokomnotho amashumi eminyaka. Njengoba kwakhiwa ukushuba kwesimo eKiev, uMqondisi we-CIA uBrennan, uMsizi kaNobhala Wezwe uVictoria Nuland -odume "ngokukhohlisa i-EU" ngokungahloniphi izikhulu zaseWashington - kanye noSenator McCain waya eMaidan ukuyokhuthaza uguquko. Futhi, lapho ukudubula sekuqalile, i-US kanye ne-EU bahlulekile ukubamba abalingani babo base-Ukraine esivumelwaneni sokwabelana ngamandla sika-April Geneva.

Iqiniso liwukuthi kokubili ukungenelela kwezombusazwe zaseNtshonalanga kanye nokuthatha kweRussia iCrimea kwephula iMemorandum yaseBudapest ka-1994, eyabophezela amandla "ukuhlonipha ukuzimela, ubukhosi kanye nemingcele ekhona yase-Ukraine,"²⁰ kanye "nokugwema usongo lokusebenzisa amandla ngokumelene nobuqotho bendawo noma ukuzimela kwezombusazwe kwe-Ukraine." Yini eyashiwo uHitler ngezivumelwano ezimane ziyizicucu zamaphepha?

Ukuketula umbuso nempi yombango kusiphatheleni? Iqoqo elilodwa lama-oligarchs abonakele lithatha indawo yelinye.²¹ Ukufa nokuhlupheka. Amabutho obuFascist ake abambisene noHitler manje ayeseyingxenye yeqembu elibusayo lase-Ukraine, futhi amasosha aqinile eWashington, eMoscow, naseYurophu yonke aqiniswa.

Kusukela ekuqaleni, enye indlela engokoqobo kwaba ukwakhiwa kwe-Ukraine engathathi hlangothi, eboshelwe ngokomnotho kukho kokubili i-EU neRussia.

I-NATO: I-Nuclear Alliance

Ngaphezu kwenhlekelele yase-Ukraine, manje sesinomkhankaso weWashington kanye ne-NATO wokuketula umbuso wobushiqela wase-Assad kanye nokungenelela kweRussia eSyria ukuze kuqiniswe amandla ayo ezempi nezepolitiki eMiddle East. I-Russia ngeke imlahle u-Assad, futhi ukuphoqelela indawo “yokungandizeki” abagqugquzeli baka-Hillary Clinton okungadinga ukucekelwa phansi kwezikhali ezicitshwayo zokulwa nendiza yaseRussia, okubeka engcupheni yokunyuka kwezempi.

I-Ukraine neSyria zisikhumbuza ukuthi i-NATO iwumfelandawonye wenuzi, nokuthi izingozi zokuhwebelana ngezikhali zenuzi azizange zinyamalale lapho kuphela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Siyaphinda futhi sizwa ubuhlanya bokuthi "i-NATO ngeke ikwazi ukushiya izinto ngezikhali ezijwayelekile" nokuthi "ukuvimbela okuthembekile kuzobandakanya izikhali zenuzi..."²²

Iyingozi kangakanani ingozi yenuzi? UPutin usitshela ukuthi ucabangele ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwezikhali zenuzi ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kweRussia eCrimea. Futhi, uDaniel Ellsberg ubike ukuthi amabutho enuzi ase-US naseRussia ayeqaphe kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zenhlekelele yase-Ukraine.²³

Bangane, sitshelwa ukuthi izikhali zenuzi zase-US zisatshalaliswa kuphela ukunqanda ukuhlasela kwenuzi okungenzeka. Kodwa, njengoba uBush the Lesser's Pentagon azisa umhlaba, inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukuvimbela ezinye izizwe ekwenzeni izenzo eziphambene nezintshisakalo zase-US.²⁴ Kusukela zaqala ukusetshenziswa, lezi zikhali bezilokhu zisetshenziselwa okungaphezu kokuvinjelwa kwakudala.

OwayenguNobhala Wezempi uHarold Brown wafakaza ukuthi bafeza enye injongo. Ngezikhali zenuzi, wafakaza, amabutho avamile ase-US aba “amathuluzi anengqondo anamandla ezempi nawezombangazwe.” UNoam Chomsky uyachaza ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi “siphumelele ngokwanele ukwesabisa noma ubani ongase asize ukuvikela abantu esizimisele ukubahlasela.”²⁵

Kusukela ngenhlekelele yase-Iran yango-1946 - ngaphambi kokuba iSoviet Union ibe amandla enuzi - ngokusebenzisa iBush-Obama "zonke izinketho zisetafuleni" izinsongo ezibhekene ne-Iran, izikhali zenuzi eYurophu zisebenze njengabagqugquzeli bokugcina be-US Middle East hegemony. Izikhali zenuzi zase-US eYurophu zafakwa kuqaphile ngesikhathi sikaNixon “uhlanya” lokuhlanganisa izikhali zenuzi ukwesabisa iVietnam, iRussia kanye neChina, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zabekwa ziqaphile ngezinye izimpi nezingxabano zase-Asia.²⁶

Izikhali zenuzi ze-NATO zisebenza enye futhi injongo: ukuvimbela "ukuhlukaniswa" kwe-United States. Phakathi neNgqungquthela yase-Lisbon ka-2010, ukuze kukhawulwe izinketho zamazwe angamalungu e-NATO, “isibopho esabiwe kabanzi sokusatshalaliswa nokusekelwa kokusebenza” kwamalungiselelo empi yenuzi kwaqinisekiswa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumenyezelwe ukuthi “Noma yiluphi ushintsho kule nqubomgomo, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zenuzi ze-NATO eYurophu, kufanele lwenziwe … yi-Alliance iyonke…Ukubamba iqhaza okubanzi kwama-Allies angewona awenuzi kuwuphawu olubalulekile lobumbano lwe-transatlantic. kanye nokwabelana ngengozi.”²⁷  Futhi manje, ngobusuku bangaphambi kwengqungquthela ye-NATO kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezikhali zenuzi ezintsha ze-B-61-12 eYurophu, uGeneral Breedlove, kuze kube muva nje uMkhuzi Ophakeme we-NATO, ugcizelele ukuthi i-US kumele ithuthukise izivivinyo zayo zenuzi nabalingani bayo be-NATO ukuze babonise. “isinqumo nekhono” labo.²⁸

I-Common Security Alternative eya ku-NATO

Bangani, umlando uyasuswa futhi izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zishintshwa ngamandla adumile avela ngezansi. Sazuza kanjalo-ke amalungelo amakhulu omphakathi e-US, kwaholela iCongress ukuthi inqamule uxhaso lwezimali ngempi yaseVietnam, futhi ngokubambisana saphoqa uReagan ukuthi aqale izingxoxo zokuhoxiswa kwezikhali noGorbachev. Kungalendlela udonga lwaseBerlin olwagqekezwa ngayo futhi ubukoloni baseSoviet bubuyiselwe emgqonyeni wothuli womlando.

Inselele esibhekene nayo ukusabela kumbuso we-NATO kanye nezingozi ezikhulayo zempi yamandla amakhulu ngomcabango kanye nokuphuthuma okudingekayo ngezikhathi zethu. IPoland neRussia noma iWashington neMoscow ngeke ziphile ngokuzwana noma nini maduze, kodwa I-Common Security inikeza indlela yekusasa elinjalo.

Ukuvikeleka Okujwayelekile kwamukela iqiniso lasendulo lokuthi umuntu noma isizwe asinakulondeka uma izenzo zaso ziholela umakhelwane noma imbangi ukuba yesabe futhi ingalondekile. Ekuphakameni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho izikhali zenuzi eziyi-30,000 zisongela i-apocalypse, uNdunankulu waseSweden uPalme wahlanganisa izibalo eziholayo zase-US, European and Soviet ukuhlola izindlela zokuhlehla onqenqemeni.²⁹ I-Common Security yaba impendulo yabo. Kwaholela ezingxoxweni ze-Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, eyaqeda iMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngo-1987.

Ngamafuphi, uhlangothi ngalunye lusho lokho okwenziwa olunye olubangela ukwesaba nokungavikeleki. Iqembu lesibili lenza okufanayo. Khona-ke, ezingxoxweni ezinzima osomaqhinga babona izenzo uhlangothi ngalunye lungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukwesaba kolunye ngaphandle kokubukela phansi ukuphepha kwezwe labo. Njengoba uReiner Braun achaza, kudinga ukuba “izithakazelo zabanye zibonwe njengezisemthethweni futhi kufanele zicatshangelwe enqubweni [yomuntu] yokwenza izinqumo…Ukuphepha okujwayelekile kusho ukuxoxisana, inkhulumomphendvulwano nokubambisana; kusho ukuxazulula izingxabano ngokuthula. Ukuvikeleka kungafinyelelwa kuphela ngomzamo ohlanganyelwe noma cha nhlobo.”³⁰

Ingahle ibukeke kanjani i-Common Security order? Izingxoxo zokudala i-Ukraine engathathi hlangothi nokuzimela kwesifunda kwezifundazwe zayo kanye nobudlelwano bezomnotho kuzo zombili iRussia naseNtshonalanga zizoqeda leyo mpi futhi zenze isisekelo esivikeleke kakhulu sobudlelwano obuthuthukisiwe phakathi kweYurophu neRussia naphakathi kwemibuso emikhulu. I-Deep Cuts Commission incoma ukuthi ukuthuthukisa indima ye-OSCE "kuyinkundla eyodwa yezizwe ngezizwe lapho inkhulumomphendvulwano mayelana nezinkinga zokuphepha ezifanele ingaqalwa futhi ngaphandle kokulibala."³¹  Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele esikhundleni se-NATO. Ezinye izincomo ze-Deep Cuts Commission zifaka:

• Ukubeka kuqala izingxoxo ze-US-Russian ukuze kunqandwe futhi kubhekwane nokuqina kwamasosha kanye nokungezwani kwezempi endaweni yase-Baltic.
• "[P]ukubuyisela[i] izehlakalo zezempi eziyingozi ngokusungula imithetho ethile yokuziphatha ... futhi uvuselele inkhulumomphendvulwano mayelana nezinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi benuzi."
• I-US ne-Russia bazibophezela ekuxazululeni ukungezwani kwabo kokuhambisana neSivumelwano Se-INF kanye nokuqeda ubungozi obukhulayo bokuthuthukiswa kwemicibisholo yomkhumbi ehlome ngezikhali zenuzi kanye nokuthunyelwa.
• Ukubhekana nengozi ekhulayo yezikhali zamasu ze-hyper-sonic.

Futhi, ngenkathi iKhomishana ibiza ukuthi kube nokuzithiba ekwenziweni kwesimanje kwezikhali zenuzi, ngokusobala inhloso yethu kufanele kube ukuphela kokuthuthukiswa nokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zikhali ezibulalayo.

Ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko zezempi, Ukuvikeleka Okujwayelekile kuphinde kusho ukuvikeleka okukhulu kwezomnotho, ngemali eyengeziwe yezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zomphakathi, ukuqukatha nokuhlehlisa ukucekelwa phansi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yekhulu lama-21.

Elinye izwe lingenzeka ngempela. Cha ku-NATO. Cha eMpini! Uhambo lwethu lwamamayela ayinkulungwane luqala ngezinyathelo zethu ezizodwa.

____________________________

1. http://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483768326/obama-cautions-against-hysteria-over-brexit-vote

2. Zbigniew Brzezinski. I-Grand Chessboard, Izincwadi Eziyisisekelo, eNew York: 1997.

3. IKhomishana Ezimele Yezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali Nezokuphepha. Ukuphepha Okujwayelekile: I-Blueprint Yokusinda. ENew York: USimon & Schuster, 1982. IKhomishana, eyasungulwa nguNdunankulu uPalme waseSweden, yahlanganisa abantu abaholayo abavela eSoviet Union, eYurophu nase-United States ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Enye indlela yabo Yezokuphepha Ezivamile inikeze umbono owaholela ezingxoxweni ze-Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement eyaqeda iMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngo-1987, ngaphambi kokuwa koDonga LwaseBerlin kanye nokuqothuka kweSoviet Union.

4. UDavid Sanger. "Njengabaduni baseRussia, i-NATO ayinalo Isu elicacile le-Cyberwar", i-New York Times, ngoJuni 17, 2016

5. http://www.defense.gov/News/News-Transcripts/Transcript-View/Article/788073/remarks-by-secretary-carter-at-a-troop-event-at-fort-huachuca-arizona

6. UWilliam J. Perry. Uhambo Lwami eNuclear Brink, eStanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.
7. UCarl Connetta. Ibhulogi, "UKUQHUBEKA"
8. Alex Dubel Smith. "Amazwe eNato aqala umdlalo omkhulu wempi empumalanga yeYurophu kusukela ngempi ebandayo." I-Guardian, Juni 7, 2016
9. “Emuva Isuka Onqenqemeni: Ibheke ekuzithibeni kanye Nezingxoxo phakathi kweRussia neNtshonalanga”, Isikhungo sase-Brookings: Washington, DC, Juni, 2016, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2016/06/russia-west-nato-restraint-dialogue
10. UMichael J. Glennon. "Ukufuna Umthetho Wamazwe Ngamazwe Olungile" Wezindaba Zangaphandle, May/June, 1999,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1999-05-01/new-interventionism-search-just-international-law ;https://marknesop.wordpress.com/2014/12/07/new-rules-or-no-rules-putin-defies-the-newworld-order/

11. UCarter ku-NATO vs. Russia: 'Uzama Noma yini, Uzoxolisa', PJ Media, Juni 1, 2016,https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/2016/06/01/carter-on-nato-vs-russia-you-try-anything-youre-going-to-be-sorry/

12. Zbigniew Brzezinski. I-Op Cit.

13. “I-Poland Ichezuka Embusweni Wentando Yeningi” Isihlokwana Esiholayo, i-New York Times, Januwari 13, 2016/

14. UJohn Pilger. Impi Yezwe Iyaqala”, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/05/14/a-world-war-is-beckoning

15. Ukusekela Ubuholi Bomhlaba Wonke base-US: Okubalulekile Kwezokuvikela Zekhulu Le-21, Januwari, 2012.http://www.defense.gov/news/Defense_Strategic_Guidance.pdf

16. UJohn Kerry. "Amazwana ku-Atlantic Council 'Toward a Europe Whole and Free' Conference", Ephreli 29, 2014,http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/04/225380.htm

17. U-Nigel Chamberlain, “I-NATO Drones: the 'game changers” I-NATO Watch, Septhemba 26, 2013.

18. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2016/05/27/19731/former-senior-us-general-again-calls-abolishing-nuclear-forces-he-once-commanded'Neil MacFarquhar. "Kuthukwa, Kuyahlonishwa, Futhi Kuseyinselele IRussia Ukuthi Iguquke", Izikhathi Zase-New York, Juni 2. 18 http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/policy-budget/policy/2016/04/11/business-usual-russia-unlikely-nato-leader-says/82902184/

19. UJohn Kerry. UKerry eRussia: “Awulingeni nje” ukuhlasela elinye izwe “ngesizathu esiqinile”, Salon.com,http://www.salon.com/2014/03/02/kerry_on_russia_you_just_dont_invade_another_country_on_a_completely_trumped_up_pretext/

20. UJeffrey. "I-Ukraine kanye neMemorandamu yaseBudapest ka-1994", http://armscontrolwonk.com, 29 Ephreli, 2014.

21. Andrew E. Karmer. “Baqokwe Njengabashisekeli Benguquko, Abaholi Base-Ukraine Balwa Nefa Lenkohlakalo.” I-New York Times, Juni 7, 2016

22. Bern Riegert. I-Op Cit.

23. Daniel Ellsberg, talk in Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 13, 2014. U-Ellsberg wayengumhleli omkhulu wempi yenuzi wase-US ezikhundleni zokuphatha zikaKennedy, Johnson kanye no-Nixon ngaphambi kokwenza umlando oyimfihlo wePentagon wokuthatha izinqumo ngeMpi yaseVietnam.

24. UMnyango Wezokuvikela. Imfundiso ye-Joint Nuclear operations, Joint Publication 3-12, 15 March, 2015

25. UJoseph Gerson, u-Op Cit. p. 31

26. Ibid. amakhasi 37-38

27. “I-NATO 2020: ukuphepha okuqinisekisiwe; ukuzibandakanya okunamandla”, Meyi 17, 2010, http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/strategic-concept-report.html

28. Philip M. Breedlove. "Umthetho Olandelayo we-NATO: Indlela Yokusingatha IRussia Nezinye Izinsongo", Ezangaphandle, ngoJulayi / Agasti, 2016

29. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2016/06/21-back-brink-dialogue-restraint-russia-west-nato-pifer/deep-cuts-commission-third-report-june-2016.pdf

30. Reiner Braun. Umhlangano Wamazwe Ngamazwe, Inkomfa Yomhlaba Ka-2014 ngokumelene namabhomu e-Atomic & Hydrogen, Hiroshima, Agasti 2, 2014.

31. "Emuva kusuka Onqenqemeni" op. cit.