Okthoba 3, 2018, I-Asia Times.
Ngo-June kulo nyaka e-Itoman, idolobha elisesifundeni sase-Okinawa, eJapane, intombazane eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala okuthiwa uRinko Sagara. funda inkondlo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kukagogo wakhe ngeMpi Yezwe II. Ugogo kaRinko wamkhumbuza ngonya lwempi. Wayebabonile abangani bakhe bedutshulwa phambi kwakhe. Bekukubi.
I-Okinawa, isiqhingi esincane esisemaphethelweni aseningizimu yeJapane, yabona ingxenye yaso yempi kusukela ngo-April kuya ku-June 1945. “Isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza safihlwa imvula yensimbi,” kubhala uRinko Sagara, eqondisa izinkumbulo zikakhokho wakhe. Ukubhonga kwamabhomu kwawunqoba lo msindo oshubile ovela ku- sanshin, isiginci sezintambo ezintathu sika-Okinawa senyoka. “Zazise usuku ngalunye,” inkondlo iqhubeka, “ngoba ikusasa lethu limane liyisandiso salesi sikhathi. Manje ikusasa lethu.”
Kuleli sonto, abantu base-Okinawa kuqokwe uDenny Tamaki weLiberal Party njengombusi wesifunda. Umama kaTamaki ungowase-Okinawan, kanti uyise - angamazi - wayeyisosha laseMelika. U-Tamaki, njengowayengumbusi u-Takeshi Onaga, uphikisana nezisekelo zamasosha ase-US e-Okinawa. U-Onaga wayefuna ukuba khona kwamasosha ase-US kususwe esiqhingini, isikhundla uTamaki abonakala esikhuthaza.
I-United States inamasosha angaphezu kuka-50,000 eJapane kanye neqembu elikhulu kakhulu lemikhumbi nezindiza. Amaphesenti angu-XNUMX ezisekelo zase-US e-Japan asesiqhingini sase-Okinawa. Cishe wonke umuntu e-Okinawa ufuna amasosha ase-US ahambe. Ukudlwengulwa ngamasosha aseMelika - okuhlanganisa nezingane ezincane - sekuyisikhathi eside kubathukuthelisa abantu base-Okinawa. Ukungcola okwesabekayo kwemvelo - okuhlanganisa nomsindo onzima ovela ezindizeni zamasosha ase-US - kubangela abantu abaningi. Kwakungenzima ukuthi uTamaki agijime endaweni ephikisana ne-US-base. Kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sabavoti bakhe.
Kodwa uhulumeni waseJapane akayamukeli imibono yentando yeningi yabantu base-Okinawan. Ukucwaswa kwabantu base-Okinawa kudlala indima lapha, kodwa ikakhulukazi kukhona ukunganakwa kwezifiso zabantu abajwayelekile uma kukhulunywa ngesizinda samasosha ase-US.
Ngo-2009, u-Yukio Hatoyama wahola i-Democratic Party ekunqobeni okhethweni lukazwelonke ngenkundla ebanzi ehlanganisa ukuguqula inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-Japan isuke ekumiseni kwayo e-US iye endleleni elinganiselayo ne-Asia yonkana. Njengondunankulu, uHatoyama ucele ukuthi i-United States neJapan babe nobudlelwano “obuseduze futhi obulinganayo,” okusho ukuthi iJapan ngeke isayalwa yiWashington.
Icala lokuhlola lika-Hatoyama kwaba ukuthuthwa kwe-Futenma Marine Corps Air Base ukuya engxenyeni enabantu abambalwa yase-Okinawa. Iqembu lakhe lalifuna ukuthi zonke izisekelo zase-US zisuswe esiqhingini.
Ingcindezi yezwe laseJapan evela eWashington yayishubile. UHatoyama akakwazanga ukufeza isithembiso sakhe. Wasula esikhundleni sakhe. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphambana nenqubomgomo yezempi yase-US kanye nokulinganisa kabusha ubudlelwano beJapane nayo yonke i-Asia. I-Japan, kodwa kahle kakhulu i-Okinawa, empeleni iyinkampani ethwala izindiza zase-US.
Indodakazi yaseJapan edayisa ngomzimba
UHatoyama akakwazanga ukuhambisa i-ajenda ezingeni likazwelonke; ngokunjalo, osopolitiki bendawo kanye nezishoshovu baye bazabalaza ukuhambisa i-ajenda e-Okinawa. Umanduleli kaTamaki u-Takeshi Onaga - oshone ngo-Agasti - akakwazanga ukuqeda izizinda zase-US e-Okinawa.
U-Yamashiro Hiroji, inhloko ye-Okinawa Peace Action Center, kanye nabalingani bakhe bahlale bebhikisha ngokumelene nezisekelo futhi ikakhulukazi ukudluliselwa kwesisekelo se-Futenma. Ngo-Okthoba 2016, u-Hiroji waboshwa ngesikhathi esika uthango locingo oluhlabayo esisekelweni. Wagqunywa ejele izinyanga ezinhlanu futhi engavunyelwe ukubona umndeni wakhe. Ngo-June 2017, u-Hiroji waya phambi kwe-United Nations Human Rights Council wathi, "Uhulumeni waseJapane wathumela amaphoyisa amakhulu e-Okinawa ukuze acindezele futhi asuse izakhamuzi ngobudlova." Ukubhikisha akukho emthethweni. Amasosha aseJapan asebenza lapha egameni likahulumeni wase-US.
USuzuyo Takazato, inhloko yenhlangano i-Okinawa Women Act Against Military Violence, ubize u-Okinawa “ngendodakazi yaseJapan edayisa ngomzimba.” Lesi yisici esibalulekile. Iqembu likaTakazato lasungulwa ngo-1995 njengengxenye yombhikisho ophikisana nokudlwengulwa kwentombazane eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala ngamasosha amathathu ase-US azinze e-Okinawa.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka manje, abantu base-Okinawa bekhononda ngokwakhiwa kwezingosi zesiqhingi sabo ezisebenza njengezindawo zokungcebeleka kwamasosha aseMelika. Umthwebuli wezithombe Mao Ishikawa uveze lezi zindawo, imigoqo ehlukanisiwe lapho amasosha ase-US kuphela avunyelwe ukuyohlangana nabesifazane base-Okinawan (incwadi yakhe Imbali Ebomvu: Abesifazane base-Okinawa iqoqa eziningi zalezi zithombe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970).
Okungenani kuye kwaba nokudlwengulwa okubikwayo okungu-120 kusukela ngo-1972, “okuyingxenye yentaba yeqhwa,” kusho uTakazato. Njalo ngonyaka kuba nesigameko okungenani esisodwa esithatha amehlo abantu - isenzo esibi sodlame, ukudlwengula noma ukubulala.
Abantu abakufunayo wukuthi zivalwe izisekelo njengoba bebona izisekelo ziyimbangela yalezi zenzo zodlame. Akwanele ukubiza ubulungiswa ngemva kwezigameko; kudingekile, bathi, ukususa imbangela yezigameko.
Isizinda se-Futenma sizothuthelwa e-Henoko e-Nago City, e-Okinawa. Inhlolovo ngo-1997 yavumela izakhamizi zaseNago ukuthi zivote ngokumelene nesisekelo. Umbhikisho omkhulu ngo-2004 wawuphinda umbono wabo, futhi kwaba yilokhu kuboniswa okwamisa ukwakhiwa kwesizinda esisha ngo-2005.
USusumu Inamine, owayeyimeya yaseNago, uphikisana nokwakhiwa kwanoma yisiphi isizinda edolobheni lakhe; ulahlekelwe isicelo sokhetho kabusha kulo nyaka ku-Taketoyo Toguchi, ongazange aveze udaba oluyisisekelo, ngamajini amancane. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukube bekunenhlolovo entsha e-Nago ngesisekelo, ibingahlulwa ngokuphelele. Kepha intando yeningi ayisho lutho uma kukhulunywa ngesizinda samasosha ase-US.
Fort Trump
Amasosha ase-US anezisekelo zamasosha angama-883 emazweni angama-183. Ngokuphambene, iRussia inezisekelo ezinjalo eziyi-10 - eziyisishiyagalombili kuzo ezazise-USSR yangaphambili. I-China inesizinda samasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle. Alikho izwe elinonyawo lwezempi olufana nelase-United States. Izisekelo e-Japan ziyingxenye encane yengqalasizinda enkulu evumela amasosha ase-US ukuthi abe kude ngamahora ezinyathelo ezihlomile ngokumelene nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yeplanethi.
Asikho isiphakamiso sokwehlisa umkhondo wezempi wase-US. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlelo zokuyikhulisa kuphela. I-United States kudala ifuna ukwakha isizinda ePoland, uhulumeni wayo manje usezinkantolo zeWhite House ngesiphakamiso sokuthi ibizwe ngokuthi “Fort Trump.”
Njengamanje, kunezikhungo zamasosha e-US-NATO eJalimane, eHungary naseBulgaria, namasosha ase-US-NATO athunyelwe e-Estonia, Latvia naseLithuania. I-United States ikhulise ubukhona bayo bezempi oLwandle Olumnyama kanye noLwandle iBaltic.
Imizamo yokwenqabela iRussia ukufinyelela emachwebeni ayo amabili kuphela anamanzi afudumele eSevastopol, eCrimea, naseLatakia, eSyria, yaphusha iMoscow ukuthi iwavikele ngokungenelela kwezempi. Isizinda sase-US ePoland, emnyango weBelarus, sizoxova abantu baseRussia njengoba bexakwe isibambiso sase-Ukraine sokujoyina iNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation kanye nempi yaseSyria.
Lezi zisekelo ze-US-NATO zinikeza ukungazinzi nokungavikeleki kunokuthula. Izinxushunxushu zibazungezile. Izinsongo ziphuma ebukhoneni babo.
Umhlaba ongenazisekelo
Maphakathi noNovemba eDublin, umfelandawonye wezinhlangano ezivela emhlabeni wonke uzoba neNkomfa Yokuqala Yamazwe Ngamazwe Emelene Nezisekelo Zezempi Zase-US/NATO. Le ngqungquthela iyingxenye yentsha esanda kwakhiwa Umkhankaso Womhlaba Wonke Omelene Nezisekelo Zezempi zase-US/NATO.
Umbono wabahleli uthi “akekho kithina ongamisa lo msangano eyedwa.” Ngokuthi “ubuhlanya,” babhekisela ekulweni kwezisekelo nezimpi eziza ngenxa yazo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, umsebenzi we-Central Intelligence Agency yase-US wanginikeza i-chestnut endala, “Uma unesando, yonke into ibukeka njengesipikili.” Kusho ukuthini lokhu ukuthi ukwanda kwamasosha ase-US - nengqalasizinda yawo eyimfihlo - kunikeza ubuholi bezepolitiki base-US ukuthi baphathe zonke izingxabano njengempi engaba khona. Idiplomacy iphuma ngefasitela. Izinhlaka zezifunda zokulawula ukungqubuzana - njenge-African Union kanye ne-Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - azinakwa. Isando sase-US sehla kanzima ezinzipholeni ukusuka komunye umkhawulo we-Asia kuya komunye umkhawulo waseMelika.
Inkondlo kaRinko Sagara iphetha ngomugqa ovusa amadlingozi: “Manje ikusasa lethu.” Kodwa, ngokudabukisayo, akunjalo. Ikusasa lizodinga ukukhiqizwa - ikusasa elihlukanisa ingqalasizinda yempi yomhlaba wonke eyakhiwe yi-United States kanye ne-NATO.
Kungethenjwa ukuthi ikusasa liyokwenziwa eDublin hhayi eWarsaw; e-Okinawa hhayi eWashington.
Lesi sihloko sakhiwe ngu I-Globetrotter, iphrojekthi ye-Independent Media Institute, eyinikeze i-Asia Times.
