NguNicolas JS Davies, Okthoba 12, 2020
Abantu baseMelika babhekene nokhetho lukazwelonke oluzayo, ubhubhane oselubulale abantu abangaphezu kuka-200,000 bethu, kanye nemithombo yezindaba yezinkampani okunemodeli yebhizinisi layo eseyishintshile ekuthengiseni izinhlobo ezahlukene “I-Trump Show” kubakhangisi babo. Ngakho-ke ubani onesikhathi sokunaka impi entsha engxenyeni yomhlaba wonke? Kodwa ngokuningi komhlaba okuhlushwa iminyaka engama-20 ka Izimpi eziholwa yi-US kanye nezinkinga zezombangazwe, zobuntu kanye nababaleki, asikwazi ukukunaka ukuqubuka okusha okuyingozi kwempi phakathi kwe-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan. INagorno-Karabakh.
I-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan balwa a impi enegazi eNagorno-Karabakh kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1994, okwathi ekupheleni kwako kwabulawa abantu abangaba ngu-30,000 1994 futhi isigidi noma ngaphezulu base bebalekile noma bexoshwa emizini yabo. Ngo-XNUMX, amabutho ase-Armenia ayesethathe iNagorno-Karabakh nasezifundeni eziyisikhombisa ezizungezile, zonke ezaziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengezingxenye ze-Azerbaijan. Kodwa manje impi isiphinde yagqashuka futhi, kwabulawa amakhulu abantu, futhi izinhlangothi zombili ziqhulula izikhali ezibhekiswe kubantu futhi zithusela izakhamuzi zodwa.
INagorno-Karabakh sekungamakhulu eminyaka iyindawo yobuhlanga yase-Armenia. Ngemva kokuba uMbuso WasePheresiya unikele le ngxenye yeCaucasus eRussia ngeSivumelwano SaseGulistan ngo-1813, ukubalwa kwabantu kokuqala eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva kwaveza inani labantu baseNagorno-Karabakh njengama-91% ama-Armenia. Isinqumo se-USSR sokwabela i-Nagorno-Karabakh e-Azerbaijan SSR ngo-1923, njengesinqumo sayo sokunikeza iCrimea ku-SSR yase-Ukraine ngo-1954, kwakuyisinqumo sokuphatha okunemiphumela eyingozi yacaca kuphela lapho i-USSR iqala ukuhlakazeka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980.
Ngo-1988, iphendula imibhikisho emikhulu, iphalamende lendawo eNagorno-Karabakh lavotela ngo-110-17 ukuze licele ukuthi lidluliselwe e-Azerbaijan SSR liye ku-SSR yase-Armenia, kodwa uhulumeni waseSoviet wasenqaba isicelo futhi udlame phakathi kwezizwe zanda. Ngo-1991, iNagorno-Karabakh kanye nesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Armenia esineningi laseShahumian, sabamba inhlolovo yenkululeko futhi samemezela inkululeko e-Azerbaijan njengezwe. IRiphabhulikhi yase-Artsak, igama layo elingokomlando lesi-Armenia. Lapho impi iphela ngo-1994, iNagorno-Karabakh nengxenye enkulu yezindawo ezizungezile kwakusezandleni zama-Armenia, futhi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zababaleki ayebalekele nhlangothi zombili.
Kube khona ukungqubuzana kusukela ngo-1994, kodwa ingxabano yamanje iyingozi kakhulu futhi iyabulala. Kusukela ngo-1992, izingxoxo zamanxusa ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana beziholwa yi-“Iqembu le-Minsk,” eyasungulwa iNhlangano Yezokubambisana Nezokuvikeleka eYurophu (OSCE) eholwa yi-United States, Russia neFrance. Ngo-2007, i-Minsk Group yahlangana nezikhulu zase-Armenia nase-Azerbaijani eMadrid futhi yahlongoza uhlaka lwesixazululo sezombusazwe, olwaziwa ngokuthi Madrid Izimiso.
I-Madrid Principles izobuyisela izifunda ezinhlanu kweziyishumi nambili ze Shahumyan esifundazweni sase-Azerbaijan, kuyilapho izifunda ezinhlanu zaseNaborno-Karabakh kanye nezifunda ezimbili phakathi kweNagorno-Karabakh ne-Armenia zizovota kunhlolovo yokunquma ngekusasa lazo, zombili izinhlangothi ezizozibophezela ukwamukela imiphumela yazo. Bonke ababaleki babeyoba nelungelo lokubuyela emakhaya abo amadala.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi omunye wabaphikisi kakhulu be-Madrid Principles nguye I-Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), iqembu lokwamukela abantu base-Armenia abadiaspora e-United States. Isekela izimangalo ze-Armenian kuyo yonke indawo ephikisanayo futhi ayithembi i-Azerbaijan ukuthi izohlonipha imiphumela yenhlolovo. Ifuna futhi ukuthi uhulumeni wangempela weRiphabhulikhi yase-Artsakh uvunyelwe ukujoyina izingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe ngekusasa lakhe, okungenzeka ukuthi kuwumbono omuhle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhulumeni wase-Azerbaijani kaMongameli u-Ilham Aliyev manje usesekelwa ngokugcwele iTurkey ngesidingo sawo sokuthi wonke amabutho ase-Armenia kufanele akhiphe izikhali noma ahoxe esifundeni esinezingxabano, esamukelwa emhlabeni wonke njengengxenye ye-Azerbaijan. ITurkey kubikwa ukuthi ikhokhele amasosha angamaJihadi asuka enyakatho yeSyria ephethwe yiTurkey ukuthi ayolwela i-Azerbaijan, okuqubule intukuthelo yabashisekeli beSunni ebhebhethekisa ingxabano phakathi kwamaChristian Armenian kanye namaShiite Muslim Azeris.
Ebusweni bakho, naphezu kwalezi zikhundla zomugqa oqinile, le ngxabano enonya kufanele ixazululwe ngokuhlukanisa izindawo eziphikisanayo phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili, njengoba iMigomo yaseMadrid izame ukwenza. Imihlangano e-Geneva futhi manje i-Moscow ibonakala ithuthukela ekuqedeni ukulwa nokuvuselelwa kwezingxoxo. NgoLwesihlanu, Okthoba 9, bobabili bayaphikisana ongqongqoshe bakwamanye amazwe bahlangane okokuqala eMoscow, emhlanganweni obulamule uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseRussia uSergei Lavrov, kwathi ngoMgqibelo bavumelana ngesivumelwano sesikhashana sokubuyisa izidumbu nokushintshana ngeziboshwa.
Ingozi enkulu ukuthi i-Turkey, i-Russia, i-US noma i-Iran kufanele ibone inzuzo ethile ye-geopolitical ekukhuleni noma ukuzibandakanya kakhulu kule ngxabano. I-Azerbaijan yethula ukuhlasela kwayo kwamanje ngokusekelwa okugcwele kukaMongameli waseTurkey u-Erdogan, obonakala eyisebenzisa ukukhombisa amandla avuselelwe eTurkey esifundeni futhi aqinise isikhundla sayo ezingxabanweni nasezingxabanweni ezimayelana neSyria, iLibya, iCyprus, ukuhlola uwoyela eMpumalanga Mediterranean kanye isifunda sisonke. Uma kunjalo, lokhu kufanele kuqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuthi u-Erdogan aveze iphuzu lakhe, futhi iTurkey ingakwazi ukulawula udlame oludakayo, njengoba yehlulekile ngokudabukisayo ukuyenza. eSyria?
I-Russia ne-Iran akukho abangakuzuza nakho konke okuzolahlekelwa yimpi ekhulayo phakathi kwe-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan, futhi bobabili bafuna ukuthula. UNdunankulu odumile wase-Armenia Nikol Pashinyan waqala ukubusa ngemuva kwe-Armenia ka-2018 “I-Velvet Revolution” futhi uye walandela inqubomgomo yokungavumelani phakathi kweRussia neNtshonalanga, nakuba i-Armenia iyingxenye yeRussian I-CSTO umfelandawonye wezempi. IRussia izibophezele ukuvikela i-Armenia uma ihlaselwa yi-Azerbaijan noma iTurkey, kodwa ikubeke kwacaca ukuthi lokho kuzibophezela akudluleli naseNagorno-Karabakh. I-Iran nayo ihambisana kakhulu ne-Armenia kune-Azerbaijan, kodwa manje inkulu yayo Inani labantu base-Azeri ingene emigwaqweni isekela i-Azerbaijan futhi iphikisana nokuchema kukahulumeni wayo nge-Armenia.
Mayelana neqhaza elicekela phansi kanye nelokuqeda uzinzo i-United States ejwayele ukuyidlala eMpumalanga Ephakathi, abantu baseMelika kufanele baqaphele noma yimiphi imizamo yase-US yokuxhaphaza lokhu kungqubuzana ukuze iziphetho zase-US ezizicabangela zona. Lokho kungabandakanya ukubhebhethekisa ukungqubuzana ukuze kucekele phansi ukuzethemba kwe-Armenia ekusebenzelaneni kwayo neRussia, ukuze idonsele i-Armenia ekuhambisaneni kwe-Western, pro-NATO. Noma i-US ingabhebhethekisa futhi isebenzise iziyaluyalu emphakathini wase-Azeri wase-Iran njengengxenye yawo “ingcindezi ephezulu” umkhankaso wokulwa ne-Iran.
Kunoma isiphi isiphakamiso sokuthi i-US ixhaphaza noma ihlela ukuxhaphaza lokhu kungqubuzana ngezinjongo zayo, abantu baseMelika kufanele bakhumbule abantu base-Armenia nase-Azerbaijan abaphila impilo yabo. ilahleke noma ichithiwe nsuku zonke lapho le mpi iqhubeka khona, futhi kufanele ilahle futhi iphikisane nanoma yimuphi umzamo wokwandisa noma ukukhulisa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwabo ukuze kuzuze i-US geopolitical.
Esikhundleni salokho i-US kufanele ibambisane ngokugcwele nabalingani bayo ku-OSCE's Minsk Group ukusekela ukumiswa nokuthula okuxoxisanayo okuhlala njalo nokuzinzile okuhlonipha amalungelo abantu nokuzikhethela kwabo bonke abantu base-Armenia nase-Azerbaijan.
UNicolas JS Davies uyintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi weCODEPINK kanye nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
