I-Australia Iya kanjani Empini

Ibhalwe ngu-Alison Broinowski I-Declassified Australia, Mashi 19, i-2022

Kulula kakhulu kohulumeni base-Australia ukuthumela uMbutho Wezokuvikela empini kunokuba kube ngathi ukuvimbela lokho ukuba kwenzeke. Babengakwenza futhi, maduze.

Kuyafana njalo. Ohulumeni bethu bahlonza 'usongo' ngosizo oluvela kuma-Anglo-allies, aqamba isizwe esithile esiyizitha, bese efaka idemoni umholi waso ohlanya, onobushiqela. Imidiya evamile iyajoyina, ikakhulukazi isekela labo abacindezelwe umashiqela. Umcimbi uyacasulwa, isimemo siyaqanjwa. UNdunankulu wenza sengathi kuwumsebenzi wakhe odabukisayo, kodwa uvuma impi noma kunjalo, bese siyahamba. Abantu ababhikishayo abanakwa, kanjalo nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Abantu abaningi base-Australia manje bayayibona iphethini, futhi abayithandi. Ukuvota kukaRoy Morgan ngo-2020 okutholiwe Amaphesenti angama-83 abantu base-Australia bafuna ushintsho endleleni i-Australia eya ngayo empini. Ngo-2021 intatheli uMike Smith okutholiwe Amaphesenti angama-87 abantu okwaxoxwa nabo asekela iGreens ' umthethosivivinywa wezinguquko.

Asikho isikhathi esingcono kunamanje sokusebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kwentando yeningi kubaholi abanochuku, ungase ucabange. Hhayi-ke, cha. Osopolitiki beFederal abaphendulile imibuzo kulo nyaka nonyaka odlule mayelana necala lokushintsha zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo.

Ngokubikezelwa, cishe wonke amalungu e-Coalition aphikisana nokuguqulwa kwamandla empi, kodwa kunjalo nabaholi abambalwa bezabasebenzi, kanti abanye bayangabaza. I abaholi bamaqembu Aphikisayo bakudala nabamanje, uBill Shorten no-Anthony Albanese, babuzwa, kodwa abakaphenduli, nakuba i-ALP ivotele kabili ukubamba uphenyo mayelana nokuthi i-Australia iya kanjani empini ngesikhathi sayo sokuqala kuhulumeni.

Le nkinga akuyona yase-Australia yodwa. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, osopolitiki baseMelika nabaseBrithani bebelokhu bezama ukuguqula amandla empi aqhubekisela phambili iRoyal Prerogative yamakhulu eminyaka edlule, enikeza ukuqonda okuphelele mayelana nokuthula nempi kumongameli noma undunankulu.

I-Canada ne-New Zealand, neMithethosisekelo efana ne-Australia, ilugweme lolu daba ngokuphuma ezimpini zakamuva (yize bezibandakanyeke ekungqubuzaneni kwe-Afghan yangomhla ka-9/11). UNdunankulu waseNew Zealand u-Ardern wenqabile ukuxoxa ngezinguquko zamandla empi nenhlangano yami, Ama-Australia Wokuguqulwa Kwamandla Empi. IBrithani, ngaphandle koMthethosisekelo obhaliwe, iye yaba ezama amashumi eminyaka ukushaya umthetho umhlangano olindele ukuthi undunankulu athathe isiphakamiso sempi kumaCommons, ngaphandle kwempumelelo.

OMongameli baseMelika abanquma ukulwa impi kufanele bacele iCongress ukuthi igunyaze izimali. ICongress ivamise ukwenza njalo unyaka nonyaka, ibeke izimo ezimbalwa. Okunye 'okuphuthumayo' ukugunyazwa kwamandla ezempi (I-AUMF) ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

Emashumini amabili eminyaka kusukela ngo-2001, i-AUMF evikelwe nguGeorge W. Bush e-Afghanistan isetshenziselwe ukuthethelela imisebenzi yokulwa nobushokobezi, ukuhlasela, ukulwa phansi, ukuhlasela kwezindiza nezindiza, ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo, amabutho abamba iqhaza, kanye nosonkontileka emazweni angama-22. , ngokusho kwe Izindleko Zephrojekthi Yezempi. Imizamo ephindwayo yokuguqula abantu beDemocrat kanye neRepublican - muva nje kulo nyaka - ayikwazi ukuqoqa ukwesekwa okwanele ukuze kudlule.

Ohulumeni base-Australia banesibopho sokuvikela izwekazi lethu, kodwa ukuzinqoba okuyinhlekelele kithina ukujoyina izimpi zama-expeditionary kanye nokuvusa amazwe anamandla. Abaningi base-Australia abaphendula uphenyo lwakamuva 'lwezindleko zempi' olwenziwa yi- Inethiwekhi Ezimele Nenokuthula yase-Australia (IPAN) ivumelana noNdunankulu wase-Australia uMalcolm Fraser ukuthi izinsongo ezinkulu e-Australia yizisekelo zase-US kanye ne I-ANZUS Alliance uqobo.

Izethulo ku-IPAN cishe zivumelana ngazwi linye: abantu abaningi base-Australia bafuna ukuguqulwa kwentando yeningi kwamandla empi, ukubuyekezwa kwe-ANZUS, ukungathathi hlangothi okuhlomile noma okungahlomile, kanye ukubuya kwidiplomacy kanye nokuzethemba e-Australia.

Yini-ke evimbela i-Australia ekuguqulweni kwamandla empi? Ingabe kufanele kube nzima kangaka?

Abaningi bethu, vele, abacabangi ukuthi siya kanjani empini kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu. Izinkathazo eziqhudelanayo - inkohlakalo kuhulumeni, ukushisisa isimo sezulu, izindleko zokuphila, nokunye - kuthatha kuqala.

Abanye banethemba lokuthi i-ANZUS ibophezela i-US ukuthi ivikele i-Australia, okuyinto engayivikelanga. Abanye - kuhlanganise nosopolitiki abaningi - bakhathazeka ngokuthi sizosabela kanjani esimweni esiphuthumayo sezempi. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungaba ukuzivikela okusemthethweni ekuhlaselweni, okuzohlinzekwa ngemithetho yamandla empi, njengoba kwenziwa emazweni amaningi.

Okunye okukhathazayo ukuthi osopolitiki 'bazovotela umugqa weqembu', noma-ke 'swill engamele' eSenate noma abazimele emabhentshini ahlukene bazoba nendlela yabo. Kodwa bonke bangabameleli bethu abakhethiwe, futhi uma isiphakamiso sikahulumeni sempi siseduze kakhulu ukuba singasinqoba, khona-ke icala lentando yeningi ngokumelene nalo linamandla kakhulu.

Akekho oke wazama ukuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo, ovele unikeze uMbusi-Jikelele amandla ezimpi. Kepha iminyaka engama-37, abantu base-Australia bebehlongoza izinguquko kuMthetho Wezokuvikela. I-Australian Democrats yazama ngo-1985 nango-2003, futhi iGreens yathatha imbangela ngo-2008, 2016, futhi yakamuva kakhulu ngo-2021. Ama-Australia Wokuguqulwa Kwamandla Empi, inhlangano engachemi eyasungulwa ngo-2012, isanda kusekela umzamo ngokufaka imibuzo ePhalamende, okwenza Isikhalazo Somakadebona, kanye nentshisekelo evuselelayo phakathi kwabazimele abasanda kuqokwa abangaba ngu-23.

Osopolitiki bayathanda ukudumisa izimpi zethu. Kodwa ayikho impi eyodwa ngaphambi kuka-1941 noma kusukela lapho eye yalwiwa ukuze kuvikelwe i-Australia. Ayikho neyodwa yezimpi zethu kusukela ngo-1945 - iKorea, iVietnam, i-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSiriya - ibangele ukunqoba kwethu noma abalingani bethu. Ngamunye usilimazile njengezwe.

Akekho uhulumeni wase-Australia kusukela ngo-Gough Whitlam ngeminyaka yawo-1970 owaphonsela inselelo i-Alliance. Wonke uNdunankulu kusukela ngo-1975 usefunde ukubumba izinqubomgomo zangaphandle kanye nezokuvikela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo ze-US hegemony. Amasosha ethu manje asesebenzisana kakhulu ne-US kangangokuthi kuzoba nzima ukukhipha i-Australia empini elandelayo, ngaphandle kwesinqumo sePhalamende kusengaphambili.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, i-Australia yenze izitha eziningi, nabangane abambalwa. Isithunzi sethu njengesakhamuzi esihle samazwe ngamazwe silahliwe, kanye nokusho kwethu okuphindaphindiwe 'kokwenza esikushoyo' emihlanganweni yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, siye sayilulaza inkonzo yethu yakwamanye amazwe futhi salinciphisa ithonya lethu lokusebenzelana nezwe. I-'idiplomatic deficit' Okucatshangelwe yi-Lowy Institute ngo-2008 kubi kakhulu manje. Ukulahleka kokuma kwezokusebenzelana kuzothatha iminyaka ukululama, noma ngabe ohulumeni bebenenhloso yokubeka phambili ukwenza ukuthula ngaphambi kwamalungiselelo empi.

I-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSyria: Irekhodi lase-Australia liyazikhulumela. Kubi ngokwanele ukubala ukulahleka kwegazi nengcebo, ukunganakwa kwezibopho zase-Australia zokuphikisa usongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngaphansi kokubili kwe-UN Charter kanye neSivumelwano se-ANZUS. Manje, ifa lenzondo emazweni esike salwa kuwo kuleli khulu leminyaka liphawula lapho besikhona.

Njengoba impi yase-Ukraine isibonisa, ukungqubuzana kungaqubuka kalula. Njengoba ingozi a impi ecasulwe neChina liyakhuphuka, lesi yisikhathi sokuguqula amandla empi, nokwenza okuningi.

Kuphela ngezinguquko eziphuthumayo kuzinqubomgomo zethu zangaphandle nezokuvikela lapho i-Australia ingathemba ukulungisa ukuma kwezwe emhlabeni.

UDkt Alison Broinowski AM ungummeli wangaphambili wase-Australia, isifundiswa kanye nombhali. Izincwadi zakhe nezindatshana zithinta ukuxhumana kwe-Australia nomhlaba. UnguMongameli we Ama-Australia Wokuguqulwa Kwamandla Empi.