nguTaylor Barnes, Isibopho Esifanele, Julayi 23, i-2021
Lo mbhalo ushicilelwe ngokubambisana ne-Facing South.
NgoMgqibelo ekuseni ngoMeyi ofudumele, iqembu lababhikishi lihlangane esigcawini somphakathi e-Asheville, eNyakatho Carolina, ngohlobo lwabameli bezimbhikisho abavamise ukubona lapho befuna isabelozimali esikhulu samasosha aseMelika bachitha ezifundeni zakubo. Izazi zezemvelo, omakadebona abalwa impi, nabameli bezomthetho kwezomnotho bahamba ngegama elithi Nqaba uRaytheon AVL, okubhekiswe kuRaytheon Technologies eseMassachusetts, umhlaba lesibili ngobukhulu umenzi wezikhali. Uphiko lwenkampani, uPratt & Whitney, lwakha isitshalo esisha sezingxenye zenjini edolobheni labo, futhi ababhikishi baphikisana nezigidi zamadola oxhaso ohulumeni babo besifunda nohulumeni abazibophezele ngalo kuRaytheon, bethi le mali kufanele isekele imisebenzi eluhlaza.
Ababhikishi, kufaka phakathi abantu ababalelwa ku-50 nezinja ezintathu, bamashe amamayela ayisishiyagalolunye beya endaweni yesitshalo esizayo - isibonisi esinamandla ngokungajwayelekile sokumelana kwendawo namashumi eminyaka ubudala i-pitch yokuthengisa okuqinisa isakhiwo sezimboni zamasosha aseMelika emiphakathini ezweni lonke: ukuthi izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi kufanele kunganakwa ukuze kukhiqizwe imisebenzi.
"Ngikhathele yimizamo yokusivalela phansi ngokusitshela ukuthi kufanele sibonge noma yimuphi umsebenzi abasipha wona ngomusa," kusho uJenny Andry, uthisha wendawo, emhlanganweni owawusemzileni wemashi. "Labo abangena embhedeni nopholi wezimboni zezimboni bephindaphinda kaningi izaba zezincwadi zemisebenzi eyingozi njengale."
Yenqaba intukuthelo kaRaytheon AVL ikhulile emasontweni amuva nje, njengoba Kwenze Umbutho Wezokuvikela wakwa-Israyeli kusetshenziswe izindiza zokulwa ze-F-35 - lapho isitshalo sase-Asheville sizonikela khona ngezingxenye - emkhankasweni wokuqhuma kwamabhomu owonakalisayo eGaza Strip oshiyile Abantu abangama-256 bafile, kufaka phakathi abesifazane nezingane ezingaphezu kwekhulu, ngenkathi 12 abantu, kuhlanganise izingane ezimbili, babulawa kwa-Israyeli phakathi nempi. Khonamanjalo, iziphathimandla esifundeni saseBuncombe, lapho kuhlala khona u-Asheville, bese zivume olunye uxhaso lwesitshalo iRaytheon, kulokhu sokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuqeqesha abasebenzi eduze nendawo yesitshalo, okuyingxenye yephakethe elikhulayo lokunikezwa izikhulu nomnikazi womhlaba wangasese. esondela ku- $ 100 million ngenani, ngokusho kwezibalo ze-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South.
Isivumelwano ekugcineni singaba sincane ngokwakha imisebenzi kunokubasusa: Inyunyana eConnecticut, lapho iPratt & Whitney izinze khona namalungu ayo enza imisebenzi efana naleyo ebekelwe i-Asheville, axwayise ngokuthi lesi sitshalo esisha singadala ukudilizwa kwabo.
Ngenkathi abathuthukisi bemixhaso bethi bazoletha imisebenzi engama-800 ngemiholo esezingeni eliphakathi, ukuhlaziywa kwe-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South kuthole izinkinga ngaleso sithembiso, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwamakhulu emisebenzi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, ukumelwa okungahambanga kahle kwamaholo gcwalisa inani abasebenzi abangalindela ukulihola, nezinhlinzeko eziyimfihlo ezifihle ukuthi amadili afanayo kwenye indawo afikile yini kwizicelo zokudala amathuba emisebenzi. Futhi isivumelwano kungenzeka ekugcineni sibe sincane ngokwakha imisebenzi kunokusihambisa: Inyunyana eConnecticut, lapho uPratt noWhitney bezinze khona futhi namalungu abo enza imisebenzi efana naleyo ebekelwe i-Asheville, waxwayiswa ukuthi isitshalo esisha singadala ukudilizwa kwabo. Ababhikishi bathi lolu akulona uhlobo lwenkampani efanele ukuthola isivumelwano esimnandi kohulumeni basekhaya.
Iziphathimandla zokuthuthukiswa komnotho nezomnotho nazo zisayine izivumelwano ezingadalulwanga lapho kuxoxiswana ngephakethe loxhaso, futhi imfihlo ewumphumela ivuna izinkampani futhi yenza kube nzima ukuhlola. Imibhalo etholwe yi-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South ikhombisa ukuthi iphakethe lesikhuthazo lesifunda esingumakhelwane somkhiqizi wemishini yelanga ekhokha amaholo afanayo, lisayinwe ngesikhathi esenziwa isivumelwano sikaRaytheon, sisebenzise imali encane kakhulu ukuheha umsebenzi ngamunye futhi kubonakala sengathi kufaka ukuvikelwa kwemisebenzi okuqinile.
Isivumelwano sika-Asheville Raytheon sigcizelela ukugxiliswa kwezakhiwo zezimboni zamasosha e-US ngokwakha imiphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi yezokuvikela ethembele ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi ngenhlalakahle yezomnotho. I-United States ichitha uhhafu wesabelomali sayo senhlangano kwezombusazwe, ikhipha ezinye izindawo ezingakhetha ukuzibeka phambili, njengezempilo yomphakathi, ezemfundo nezokuxhumana. Isabelomali sayo sezempi sithi ngaphezu kwamasosha aphezulu ayi-10 alandelayo ehlangene. I-F-35, indiza yokulwa ebisebenza iminyaka engamashumi amabili ebikhathazwe ukukhubazeka, isiphenduke isibonakaliso sokweqisa kwezempi nezimboni. Izindleko zayo ezibekiwe zine- ibhalwe ku- $ 1.7 trillion, okwenza kube uhlelo lwezikhali olubiza kakhulu emlandweni wase-US, noma ngabe lwaluthole ezinye Amaphutha wokuklama abhaliwe angama-871 kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021. U-Rep. Adam Smith, ongusihlalo we-House Armed Services Committee, usanda kubiza i-F-35 "njengegundane" lemali yabakhokhi bentela waphakamisa nokuthi uhulumeni "asike ukulahlekelwa kwethu."
Ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu emkhakheni welanga oshisayo waseNorth Carolina kuyindlela ecacile yokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi ukudala imisebenzi ehlobene nezempi. ENyakatho Carolina usezingeni lesibili esizweni sesizukulwane selanga, futhi kunendawo enkulu yokukhula: Ngokusho kwe-Federal Energy Information Administration, amandla elanga ahlinzeka kuphela ngamaphesenti ayi-6 wesizukulwane sombuso ngo-2019, kanti iNorth Carolina isebenzisa amandla acishe aphindwe kane kunalawo ewakhiqizayo. I-EIA iphinde yaphawula ukuthi ugu lombuso i-Atlantic lungasiza emapulazini omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngonyaka odlule, wona lowo hulumeni waseBuncombe County owavuma uxhaso lukaRaytheon nawo ivume iphrojekthi ukufaka amandla elanga esizeni ezakhiweni zomphakathi ezingaba ngu-45, iphrojekthi enkulu kakhulu yelanga eyake yathuthukiswa nguhulumeni wasekhaya eNyakatho Carolina. Besaba ukuthi lesi sitshalo esisha sizobamba ushintsho oluhlaza lwedolobha lakubo ngokulusimamisa emnothweni wempi, izishoshovu zase-Asheville zizwakalisa inhlabamkhosi “ekwandiseni nasekucebiseni izakhiwo zezimboni zamasosha,” ngamazwi kaRally-goer Said Abdallah.
"Asifuni nje lo shevu esifundeni sethu," esho.
Umjaho oya ezansi
Kwisivumelwano esibandakanya izingqinamba eziningi ezinameva mayelana nokuthengiswa kwezikhali, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, kanye nezabelomali zohulumeni basekhaya, umphakathi wase-Asheville ubenehora elilodwa kuphela ngoNovemba odlule ukuletha uvo lwawo.
Isivumelwano besilokhu sisebenza kusukela entwasahlobo ka-2019, lapho ithimba laseNorth Carolina laya eParis Air Show ukuyohlangana nezikhulu zikaPratt & Whitney, ngokusho kwemininingwane umbiko kuHendersonville Lightning. E-Asheville, Khonamanjalo, iBiltmore Farms LLC, okuyinkampani ephethwe ngumnikazi womhlaba kanye nozalo lomndeni wakwaVanderbilt uJohn “Jack” Cecil, utshele iziphathimandla zokuthuthukiswa komnotho ukuthi le nkampani ibizimisele ukuguqula izindawo ezinkulu ezinamahlathi phansi kwezintaba iBlue Ridge zibe ipaki lezimboni.
Njengoba izingxoxo ziqhubekela phambili, izikhulu zesifunda nezokuthuthukiswa komnotho kwakudingeka zisayine izivumelwano zokungazivezi, into uKhomishina u-Al Whitesides ayezothi kamuva yayidingeka ngoba ukwaziswa kungadala ukuthi abanikazi bomhlaba bakhuphule amanani abo amabhizinisi amasha angaba khona. Kepha iBiltmore Farms yanikela ngoRaytheon ngamahektare ayi-100 nge $ 1, ngenani lomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi lenyuke kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwengqalasizinda exhaswa ngumphakathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-NDA ukuxoxisana ngamadili okukhuthaza ezomnotho ukuheha amafemu amakhulu afana noRaytheon, inkampani eyiFortune 100, “kuyinto ejwayelekile, futhi kuyinkohlakalo nje,” kusho uPat Garofalo, umbhali we “The Billionaire Boondoggle: How Our Politicians Let Let Corporations kanye neBigwigs Bantshontsha Imali Nemisebenzi Yethu ”kanye nomqondisi wezwe nezinqubomgomo zendawo ku-anti-monopoly American Economic Liberties Project.
Abenzi bomthetho okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili, eNew York City nase-Illinois, baphakamise umthetho ukuze vimbela ukusetshenziswa kwama-NDA ekuthuthukisweni komnotho ngoba baneqhaza emjahweni oya ezansi njengoba izindawo zincintisana ukubamba amathuba amasha ebhizinisi. "Lezi zivumelwano zivame ukwenziwa ukuthi zisheshe zenziwe futhi ziyimfihlo ngoba lapho umphakathi uthola izwi elikhulu, ujwayele ukuhlulwa," kusho uGarofalo.
E-Asheville, imfihlo yayisho ukuthi umphakathi uthole kuphela ngalesi sivumelwano kusuka ku- isitatimende sephephandaba ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba wonyaka odlule, kubashiya bephithizela ukuyofunda kabanzi ngaphambi kokulalelwa komphakathi ngoNovemba 17. Umhlangano bekuyinto exakile, lapho izikhulu ezikude ngokwenhlalo behlala buthule ngemuva kwama-daises egumbini elikhanyayo ngenkathi abahlali emakhaya abo bebambe iqhaza cishe, bebuka isethulo esisakazwa bukhoma ngesivumelwano yinkampani nabaphathi besifunda njengoba belinde ithuba labo lokungena.
Ngenkathi usihlalo evulela lo mhlangano umphakathi, wanikeza ukunqekula kokuqala kulowo msindo owawuzofika, waphawula ukuthi “kunenqwaba yabantu” ababefuna ukuba nezwi.
"Lokhu kuzothatha isikhashana," engeza.
Futhi izakhamizi zaqinisekisa ukuthi iyakwenza, yize yayinezikhala zemizuzu emithathu kuphela zokukhuluma.
Abaningi bazwakalise ukucasuka kwabo ngempi ebiholwa yiSaudi e-Yemen, lapho abaphenyi benayo okutholiwe Izingxenye zezikhali zikaRaytheon ezenziwe e-US ezindaweni ezinamabhomu lapho kubulawe khona izakhamizi nezingane. UVeronica Coit, umgundi wezinwele wendawo, ubuze abakhomishani ukuthi bangazizwa kanjani uma, empini ezayo, “phakathi kwezingane ezibulewe kanye nezakhamizi ezifela ezitaladini, omunye umlobi wezithombe ethola enye ilebula, kodwa kulokhu ithi 'yenziwe e-Asheville, eNyakatho. Carolina? '”Izikhulumi eziningi nazo zacasulwa yilokho ezakubona njengokuntywiliselwa kabili yinkampani eyayinezinkontileka zikahulumeni nazo ezifuna imali yomphakathi kohulumeni basekhaya.
“Njengomkhokhi wentela waseMelika, sengivele ngabelana ingxenye yomholo wami noRaytheon,” kusho uthisha u-Andry. “Ngiphikisa ngokuqinile ukuthi ngihlanganyele nabo ikhaya lami.”
Omunye wababambiqhaza ubuze ukuthi okhomishani bangaphinde baxoxe kabusha ngesivumelwano lapho ifektri yenza izingxenye zezindiza zomphakathi kuphela, futhi okuyingxenye enkulu yebhizinisi likaPratt & Whitney isitshalo esizofaka isandla kuso. Kodwa ikhomishini yayihlose ukuvota ngalesi sivumelwano njengoba sethulwe ngaphambi komhlangano, ngakho-ke ukuhlela kabusha kwakungeyona into ebhekwayo.
Abanye banxusa ngokujulile onembeza bezikhulu ezikhethiwe. UDavid Pudlo, uchwepheshe wezinsizakalo zesifaki sendawo sendawo, ukhulume noKhomishani Jasmine Beach-Ferrara, ongumfundisi kanye nommeli wamalungelo e-LGBTQ abalwela iCongress njengoDemocrat olwa noMmeli Madison Cawthorn. “Wayezokwenzenjani uJesu?” Kubuza uPudlo. "Kucace bha ukuthi ubengeke asebenzisane nabathengisi bezikhali."
Sekukonke, amalungu omphakathi angama-21 akhulume emhlanganweni, futhi bonke baphikisana nalesi sivumelwano ngaphandle koyedwa. OKhomishani - amaDemocrats ayisithupha neRepublican eyodwa - bayivume ngazwi linye.
Ihlola ababhikishi?
Isitshalo sePratt & Whitney sikhomba ushintsho olukhulu emnothweni wase-Asheville. Iphakethe lezibonelelo ezingama- $ 27 million elisayinwe phakathi kweRaytheon neB County County, elenziwe njengezibonelelo ezinikezwa inkampani uma lenza "imizamo emihle yokholo" ukuhlangabezana nokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi kanye nezinjongo zokutshala imali, yisivumelwano esikhulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni esisayine eminyakeni eyishumi, ngokusho kwe uhlu oluningiliziwe lwezivumelwano zokukhuthaza uhulumeni wesifunda ahlinzekela i-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South. Isivumelwano sikaPratt & Whitney simele amaphesenti angama-42 azo zonke izimali ezenziwe yidolobha ukukhuthaza amaphrojekthi ngaleso sikhathi.
Yenqaba iRaytheon AVL yadalwa ngabantu abahlangane njengamazwi aphume emzimbeni kulokho kuzwa komphakathi kokuqala ukuxoxa ngalesi sivumelwano. Yize lo mhlangano uqinise ukungena kukaRaytheon e-Asheville ngokuxhaswa ngabakhokhi bentela okukhulu, iqembu lifune ukusakaza ukungavunyelwa kwalo ngenkathi liphinde lidlulise umqondo ophakathi amalungu alo ahlukahlukene ahlangane ngokuzungezile: ukuthi ukudala amathuba omsebenzi kuyinjongo enhle kubenzi bezinqubomgomo kepha kunezindlela ezingcono zokuwufinyelela.
Ucwaningo lwesazi sezomnotho uHeidi Peltier eBoston University's Costs of War Project luyabaxhasa: Ngokuka izibalo zakhe, cishe noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokusebenzisa kukahulumeni - kwezempilo, amandla aluhlaza, noma kwezemfundo - kudala imisebenzi eminingi kunokusetshenziswa kwezikhali, ngokwengxenye ngoba izikhali zinamandla amakhulu, okusho ukuthi imali encane iya ngqo emiholweni.
Embhikishweni kaMashi e-Asheville's Chamber of Commerce, amalungu eReject Raytheon AVL aqaphele owesilisa owayeselolini elimnyama ethatha izithombe zabo.
Ezinyangeni ezedlule kusukela esifundeni saseBuncombe samukela isivumelwano, Abenqatshi beRaytheon AVL sebephenduke isisekelo semigwaqo yase-Asheville, bebamba imibhikisho endaweni yesitshalo ngezimpawu ezinjengokuthi "Honk for humane jobs" nokunxenxa izikhulu zomphakathi noma nini lapho zikhona, njengaseMeyi ukuhlangana nalokho kuvunyelwe imali eyengeziwe eyizigidi ezingama- $ 5 ezosetshenziswa ekwakheni isikhungo sokuqeqesha abasebenzi iPratt & Whitney.
Leli qembu likholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi yalo ibhekiwe. Embhikishweni kaMashi e-Asheville's Chamber of Commerce, ngokwesibonelo, amalungu enqaba iRaytheon AVL aqaphela owesilisa owayeselolini elimnyama ethatha izithombe zabo. Bafike bathwebula isithombe sepuleti lakhe balibuyisela kuCody Muse, umphenyi ozimele onelayisense. Ethintwe ngocingo, uMuse uphendule incazelo yalesi sigameko ngokuthi "angikhulumi nganoma yini nentatheli" ngaphambi kokuvala ucingo. Akasiphendulanga isicelo esingeziwe sokuphawula ngezinsolo ezithunyelwe nge-LinkedIn.
Kwathi ngo-Ephreli, uKen Jones, uprofesa osethathe umhlalaphansi kanye nomlingani weVeterans for Peace owayebambe iqhaza emibhikishweni, wayehamba endaweni yesitshalo esizayo lapho ebona unogada okwakubonakala sengathi uyamthwebula. UJones uthe lo nogada wambiza esebenzisa igama lakhe eligcwele, uKenneth, negama eliphakathi angalisebenzisi esidlangalaleni. Lesi sehlakalo simenze wasola ukuthi lo nogada usebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso ukumkhomba ku-database.
Ayikho iBiltmore Farms LLC, okuyinkampani eyanikela ngomhlaba kuRaytheon, noma abakhulumeli bakaPratt & Whitney abaphendulile ezicelweni eziningi zokuphawula ukuthi ngabe baqashe uMuse noma basebenzise lobu buchwepheshe bokubheka ababhikishi.
Lezi zigameko zihlokoma kodwa ziphinde zavuselela izishoshovu, ezibona umkhankaso wazo njengowuzokwandiswa iminyaka. Bajoyina eminye imikhakha yangaphansi kwezinja ezinqamula iNingizimu enempi enkulu - isifunda leso kunikela ngokuqashwa kakhulu emabuthweni ahlomile ahlobene nenani labantu bawo futhi ayikhaya le- isizinda sezempi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-US eFort Bragg, eNyakatho Carolina. E-Huntsville, e-Alabama, isikhungo sosonkontileka bezokuvikela abaziwa ngokuthi "yiPentagon YaseNingizimu," izishoshovu ezilwa nempi ziphume ngesonto "Ikhona Lokuthula”Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. E-Texas, izwe ukuthi usezingeni lesithathu ekusetshenzisweni kwempi, a iqembu yabafundi besifazane e-Austin muva nje ubhale umbiko ochaza abenzi bezikhali ekunikezelweni kohlelo lwe-University of Texas futhi wanxenxa uhulumeni wabafundi ukuthi adlulise isinqumo sokuhlukaniswa. Umkhankaso ugqugquzele i- esiphikisayo ngabafundi abangaphezu kwe-150 be-UT, iningi labo kwezobunjiniyela, abathi lesi sinqumo sizobeka engcupheni amathuba abo emisebenzi nosonkontileka bezempi.
Emashini kaRaytheon ebibanjelwe e-Asheville ngoMeyi, ababhikishi bebehlangatshezwa kakhulu ngama-beeps osizo lwezimoto nabagibeli bethatha amapheshana abo ngokulangazela, yize abambalwa bephakamise iminwe yabo ephakathi nomshayeli oyedwa ememeza ethi, “Zilima!” UBob Brown, umgcini wezindlu kanye nomdwebi waseVietnam owayephethe ifulegi elikhulu leVeterans for Peace, wakhuthazeka ngalokho akubona njengamandla okwanda kokulwa nempi ayekade esebenza kukho amashumi amahlanu eminyaka. "Le nhlangano yinto entsha ngempela," esho. "Bengikwenza lokhu kusukela eminyakeni yaseVietnam, futhi asikaze sikubone ukusekelwa komphakathi okungaka."
Ukubuza 'imizamo emihle yokholo'
Enhliziyweni yesiyaluyalu e-Asheville yilokho okuthengiswayo izithuthukisi bakhangise njengemisebenzi engu-800 ngeholo elijwayelekile lama- $ 68,000. Ezokuvakasha ziyimboni enkulu edolobheni, lapho izintaba iBlue Ridge zihlinzeka ngesizinda esithandwayo semishado yabantu abaya lapho, imidlalo yezemidlalo yangaphandle kanye namaholide. Kepha imisebenzi yesevisi embonini yezivakashi ayinikezi inkokhelo etholakala ku-aerospace nokuvikela. UPeltier, isazi sezomnotho saseBoston University, ubiza lokhu kungafani ngokuthi “umholo we-premium”Kwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngoxhaso lukahulumeni oluningi olusiza osonkontileka bezempi ukuthi bakhokhe kangcono kunabaqashi bezombusazwe.
Ngokuphambanisa okwehlukile ku-Asheville, a ichashaza eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esifundeni esibomvu esavotela uDonald Trump, ngisho namanye amalungu ekhomishini eyedemokhrasi yedemokhrasi athi ahlanganyela ukukhathazeka okuyisisekelo kwababhikishi ngokubandakanyeka kweMelika ezimpini zaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nesabelomali sayo sezempi esesiphelelwe amandla.
"Ngashiya umugqa wamapikethi ngolunye usuku futhi ngangisebenza eNavy emasontweni amabili kamuva," kusho uKhomishana Whitesides emhlanganweni wangoNovemba, ekhumbula iminyaka yakhe yobusha. Isishoshovu samalungelo omphakathi, osebenza ebhange, kanye nomakadebona waseVietnam ukuphela kwelungu lekhomishini okuwukuphela kwakhe, futhi wathi igebe lokujula lokunotha ngokobuhlanga e-Asheville kanye nesidingo sokwenza lokho akubiza ngokuthi "ushintsho olwenziwe ngezizukulwane" ukuze kuthuthukiswe imakethe yezemisebenzi yendawo kumholele ekusekeleni isivumelwano sikaRaytheon.
"Njengani nonke lapha, ngilwe nalokhu," kusho uWhitesides, "kodwa ngikulinganise nalokho okuzolungela umphakathi wethu, okuzoba kuhle kakhulu ezinganeni zakho."
Kepha ukubhekisisa lesi sivumelwano kuphakamisa ukuthi iningi labasebenzi benkampani bazobe behola kancane kakhulu kunomholo ojwayelekile. Kuphakamisa nokuthi imisebenzi ekhangisiwe engama-800 - uma ingake ifike kulelo nani - ingehla ngokushesha.
Isivumelwano isayinwe phakathi kweBuncombe County nePratt & Whitney kubhekiswa enkampanini esebenzisa "imizamo emihle yokholo" ukwakha imisebenzi engama-750 eqoqekayo phakathi "nesikhathi sokukhuthaza" phakathi kuka-2021 no-2029, ibhonasi eyengeziwe ekhokhelwe uma idala amanye ama-50. Ngemuva kuka-2029, inani lemisebenzi "ebanjiwe" bese lehla laya ku-525 isikhathi seminyaka emine.
Ephendula imibuzo evela ku-Responsible Statecraft naseFinging South, uTim Love, umqondisi wezindaba zohulumeni basekhaya esifundeni saseBuncombe, ukuphikile ukuthi ukungafani phakathi kwalezi zinombolo kusho ukuthi isivumelwano sasihlanganisa imisebenzi yokwakha yesikhashana engama-275. USihlalo weKhomishini Yesifunda uBrownie Newman uthe isibalo esiphansi ngo-2030 kungenxa yokuthi "uma uqhubeka ngokuya esikhathini esizayo, kuncane ukuqiniseka okukhona ekuhleleni imisebenzi yebhizinisi." UNewman uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi ulimi "lwemizamo emihle yokholo" ngeke lususe inkampani ezingeni lokuhlose ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, nokuthi ukukhokhelwa kwabaxhasi kuzolungiswa kwehle uma kufinyeleleka kancane. UGarofalo, umbhali wencwadi egxeka amadili wokuthuthukiswa komnotho, uthe ukwehla ngokungazelelwe kwamanani emisebenzi ngo-2030 kubukeka “njengemvume yokudilizwa.” UPratt noWhitney abaziphendulanga izicelo zezingcingo nezama-imeyili eziningi zokuphawula ngokuqagelwa kwayo kokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi.
Mayelana nomholo wabasebenzi, isivumelwano sidinga ukuthi uPratt & Whitney akhokhe imali elinganiselwa ku- $ 68,000 kubasebenzi bayo bezitshalo. Kepha izilinganiso zingasuswa ngemidlanzana yemiholo ephezulu phezulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlola amaholo aphakathi nendawo - ukufaka abasebenzi ngendlela yokuhola nokubheka ophakathi - kungakhombisa kangcono ukuthi iphrojekthi ibathinta kanjani abasebenzi abasezingeni eliphezulu. . Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezokuvikela, ngoba ucwaningo lukaStephen Semler eSecurity Policy Reform Institute lukhombisa lokho ngokubanzi khokha ukungalingani kuyinto ejwayelekile kosonkontileka bezokuvikela njengoRaytheon, ophethe i-CEO yakhe ephindwe izikhathi ezingama-282 kunesisebenzi sayo esiphakathi e2019.
Ishadi lamaholo elethulwe emhlanganweni wangoNovemba elibhalwe ukuthi “ngezinjongo zokubonisa kuphela” lisikisela ukuthi umholo ophakathi nendawo kule femu uzoba ngama- $ 55,000. Kepha uKevin Kimrey, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nabasebenzi e-Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College, esebenzisana nosonkontileka wezokuvikela ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, utshele i-Asheville Citizen-Times ukuthi abasebenza ngemishini nabasebenza ezinamakhono bangathola imali engama- $ 40,000 kuya ku- $ 50,000 ngonyaka. Lokhu kungaphansi kwesifunda saseBuncombe imali engenayo yomndeni ngaphezulu kuka- $ 52,000, kanti umzali wababili abahola ama- $ 43,920 eNorth Carolina abafanelekile ngosizo lokudla.
Uma umholo wephrojekthi ubonakala ungaphansi kunalokho okuthenjisiwe, bekungeke kube ngenxa yokushoda kwemali yomphakathi. Ngenkathi isimemezelo sokuqala simenyezelwa, safika nemixhaso yamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-27 evela esifundazweni kanye nemali eyengeziwe engu- $ 15.5 million evela kuhulumeni. Kepha ezinyangeni ezedlule, uxhaso lukahulumeni oluningi selungene esivumelwaneni ngezimali ezidluliswa ngohlelo lomphakathi lwamakolishi kanye namaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda ukuxhasa lesi sitshalo. Isibalo sokuqala sohlobo lwaso yi-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South sibeka inani eliphelele laleyo mixhaso nokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwa cishe ezigidini eziyi- $ 100.
Lokho kulinganisela kuphakamisa ukuthi ngamunye wemisebenzi engu-525 "egcinwe" - leyo ebonakala ifa elihlosiwe lephrojekthi - ixhaswa ngemali engama- $ 190,174.09.
Ephendula isibalo soxhaso, uNewman uthe amanye amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda azosiza emphakathini ukuthi ngabe uPratt & Whitney beza edolobheni noma cha, njengesikhungo sokuqeqesha abasebenzi, esizophathwa nguhulumeni wesifunda, kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu onguthelawayeka . Kepha imibhalo esemthethweni ye- kokubili amaphrojekthi ukukhomba uPratt noWhitney njengabazuzi bodwa.
Omunye ohlomulayo angagcina eyiBiltmore Farms, eyanikela ngomhlaba kuRaytheon kepha isenamakhulu amahektare amaningi atholakalayo angathengiselwa abanye abakhiqizi ukuze kube nepaki lezimboni ekugcineni. Ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe kulindeleke yini ukuthi iBiltmore Farms inikele ngomhlaba kunoma yimaphi amaklayenti azayo noma uma ingathola inzuzo ngokuthengiswa kwamapheshana anyuke ngenani ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwengqalasizinda exhaswa nguhulumeni, uNewman uthe ngeke akwazi ukuqagela ngokusebenzisana kwenkampani ezimele. Kodwa wanezela nge-imeyili ukuthi "umqondo wakhe jikelele ngukuthi bakuthatha njengesinqumo esinengqondo sebhizinisi ukunikela ngamahektare ayi-100 + womhlaba ukuze kutholakale iphrojekthi kaPratt benenkolelo yokuthi inani elinikelwayo lingabuyiselwa kwamanye amaphrojekthi angaqhubekela phambili nekusasa uma sekwenziwe ngcono ingqalasizinda endaweni. ”
I-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South bafune imibhalo evela kwabanye ohulumeni basekhaya ababili ababenikeza izivumelwano zokukhuthaza uPratt & Whitney kule minyaka edlule ukubona ukuthi izinjongo zabo zokudala amathuba emisebenzi ziyafinyelelwa yini. EGeorgia, lapho uhulumeni kumemezela ngo-2017 ukuthi uPratt & Whitney bazokwakha imisebenzi emisha engama-500 esikhungweni sayo eColumbus esivumelwaneni esibandakanya cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-34 emakhefu entela endawo, uSuzanne Widenhouse, ongumhloli omkhulu eMoscogee County Board of Assessors, wathi ngeke akwazi ukwaba izincwadi zezitifiketi zenkampani ukusebenza nomphakathi ngoba kubhekwa njengokuyimfihlo ngaphansi komthetho waseGeorgia. Kodwa-ke, iWidenhouse inikeze ikhophi elingenalutho lefomu okudingeka ukuthi inkampani ilithumele kuhulumeni wasekhaya - ikhasi elilodwa elidinga ukuthi inkampani ibike okungaphezulu kwemali esetshenziswe yimpahla nempahla kanye nenani labasebenzi.
E-Orange County, eNew York, lapho uPratt noWhitney kumemezela ngo-2014 ukuthi izodala amathuba emisebenzi ayi-100 eminyakeni emihlanu bese igcina engama-95 akhona enkampanini engaphansi kosizo oluvela ephaketheni lokukhuthaza okubandakanya ukuncipha kwentela yokuthengisa yendawo, uBill Fioravanti, umqondisi wendawo wezentuthuko yezomnotho, wabhekisa i-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South okhulumela inkampani ngolwazi ngamazinga okuqashwa amanje. Isikhulumi asiphendulanga izicelo eziningi ezithunyelwe nge-imeyili.
Mayelana nomshini omusha wase-Asheville, uLove, isikhulu saseBuncombe County, utshele i-Responsible Statecraft kanye ne-Facing South ukuthi izincwadi zokuqinisekisa mayelana nezinhloso zokudala amathuba omsebenzi zizotholakala emphakathini. Ngokumangazayo, uLove utshele umhlangano wangoNovemba ukuthi isifundazwe asilindeli iphuzu "elihlukanisiwe" kuze kube unyaka we-12 esivumelwaneni salo seminyaka engu-14 noPratt & Whitney, okuwumbono athe "kusekelwe ezimeni zomnotho" kusukela uPratt "kufanele ahlasele izinhloso zabo ”kanye nomnotho“ kufanele uhlale emzileni ofanele. ” Ngenkathi uNewman ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe lelo phuzu lokuqhekeka liyisivumelwano esihle esifundeni, wathi ngemuva konyaka we-12 kungenzeka ukuthi "isikhungo sizoqhubeka nokusebenza futhi sikhokhe intela enkulu kakhulu yendawo."
Isifo sikazwelonke, ukumelana nendawo
Amazwana Isikhulu Esiphezulu sikaRaytheon uGreg Hayes asenze ku shayela nabatshalizimali ngo-Okthoba odlule kusikisela ukuthi isitshalo saseNorth Carolina kungenzeka ukuthi sihambisa imisebenzi kwezinye izindawo. Uthe inkampani ilindele ukonga u- $ 175 million njalo ngonyaka uma isitshalo sase-Asheville sesisebenza, nokuthi sizobe “sizisebenzele ngokwengeziwe,” futhi nokuthi “ezinye zazo zizobandakanya ukuhambisa umsebenzi usuke ezindaweni ezibiza kakhulu uye ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi.” Isazi sokuthutha esingahlobene nephrojekthi Kulinganiselwa nge-Asheville Citizen-Times ukuthi izindleko zabasebenzi zingaphansi ngamaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 eNyakatho Carolina kunaseConnecticut; lokho kulondolozwa kungenxa yengxenye yemithetho “elungile yokusebenza” yaseNyakatho Carolina eyenza ubumbano lube nzima. E-Connecticut, lapho ikomkhulu lakhona linguPratt & Whitney, isahluko sendawo se-International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, esimele abasebenzi benkampani, sithumele incwadi ethukile kumalungu ayo ngemuva kokuzwakala kwezindaba zesitshalo sase-Asheville. Inyunyana yaphawula ukuthi isiza saseNorth Carolina kulindeleke ukuthi siqale ukukhiqizwa ngo-2022 - ngawo lowo nyaka lapho abasebenzi bezinyunyana eConnecticut bezophinde baxoxe khona ngezinkontileka zabo.
"Qala ukubeka imali manje ukuze uzilungiselele," kusho inyunyana itshela amalungu ayo. "Imibhalo [kaH] ayikhombisanga uPratt & Whitney njengenkampani ebikade inentshisekelo enkulu kubasebenzi bayo baseConnecticut njengoba ibishukumisela umsebenzi obukade wenziwa lapha emhlabeni wonke." Omele inyunyana wenqabile ukunaba ngale ncwadi ngaphambi kwezingxoxo ezizayo.
E-Asheville, akekho umuntu ophikisana nalesi sivumelwano ophikisana nokuthi idolobha lidinga imisebenzi eholela kangcono. Kodwa u-Andry, uthisha, uthe ukwaliwa kukaRaytheon AVL ngalesi sitshalo kubangelwa inkolelo yokuthi “akuyona yonke imisebenzi edalwe ilingane.” Amalungu eqembu manje axoxa ngamathuba okuhlela abasebenzi esitshalweni esizayo sase-Asheville.
Njengenye indlela engenzeka kuRaytheon, u-Anne Craig, umamukeli we-2017 womklomelo womenzi wokuthula onikezwa amaqembu ezindawo zendawo, waveza ukuthi iHenderson County eyakhelene nayo yakhanga into entsha umenzi wemishini yelanga inyanga ngemuva kwesifunda saseBuncombe samukele uhlelo lukaRaytheon. Leyo nkontileka ezosebenzisa indawo yokugcina izinto ekhona, iphrojusa imisebenzi engama-60 edale iminyaka emihlanu ngeholo elijwayelekile lama- $ 65,000. Ikhophi yesivumelwano sezikhuthazo esitholwe yi-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South kummeli wesifunda sikhombisa isivumelwano sokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi okungcono kunaleso esinoRaytheon. Isivumelwano asibandakanyi limi mayelana "nemizamo emihle yokholo" futhi simane sidinga ukuthi inkampani ihlangabezane nezinhloso zokudalwa kwemisebenzi ukuze ithole ukubuyiselwa kwemali kusuka esifundeni, engena ngemali elinganiselwa ku- $ 114,404.93. (Funda kabanzi ngezansi ukuthi ukutshala imali embonini yamandla elanga asafufusa eNorth Carolina kungasebenza kanjani njengenye indlela yemizamo yokuletha imisebenzi embonini yezokuvikela.)
Ababhikishi baphakamise nokuthi kusetshenziswe izimali zomphakathi esikhundleni salokho ukuhlonipha esinye isibambiso esenziwe yidolobha nesifunda, nakho okungadala amathuba emisebenzi amasha. Ngemuva kokuvukelwa kombuso kwabantu abamnyama nyakenye, i-Asheville yaba ngelinye lamadolobha amaningi ezweni lonke ukwedlulisa isinqumo esisekela ukubuyiswa kobugqila, isiphakamiso futhi kuvunyelwe ngeBuncombe County. I-Asheville's Racial Justice Coalition, ekhuthaze lesi siphakamiso, ifuna ama- $ 4 million - ingxenyana encane yemali yomphakathi ebekelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe endaweni yakwaPratt & Whitney - ukuxhasa imizamo ehlanganiswe kulesi sinqumo, njengezindlu ezingabizi. Isinyathelo esinjalo asizukubhekana kuphela nesikweletu esibe yingqophamlando futhi sinikeze okuhle okubonakalayo emphakathini kepha futhi singaba ngumqambi wemisebenzi. UPeltier, isazi sezomnotho, ubalisele i-Responsible Statecraft ne-Facing South ukuthi u- $ 4 million osetshenziselwe ukwakha izindlu ezingabizi kakhulu uzokwakha cishe ama-64 iqonde, ingaqondile, futhi yenziwa imisebenzi.
Mhlawumbe asikho isikhulu sikahulumeni e-Asheville esibheke esidlangalaleni isivumelwano sikaRaytheon kunoSihlalo weKhomishini Yesifunda uNewman, ongusomabhizinisi wamandla elanga osekela izinqumo zokukhokhelwa. Ubiza le nkinga yesimo sezulu ngokuthi "yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuye njengesikhulu esikhethiwe" futhi usho kaningi ukuthi uyahlanganyela nokukhathazeka okuyisisekelo komphakathi ngezimpi ezingapheli. Kodwa-ke, uthi indawo yesikhungo esinjalo ekugcineni “ayinayo nencazelo yokuthi izwe lethu liphatha kanjani izinkinga ezibaluleke kangaka zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle” kanye nezenzo zenqubomgomo ezenziwe ezingeni likahulumeni. "Uma bengicabanga ukuthi izinqumo ezithathwe uhulumeni wethu wasekhaya zizoba nethonya eliqondile kulezo zingqinamba, bengizocabanga ngenye indlela," usho kanje emhlanganweni womphakathi ngoNovemba.
Kepha uDan Grazier, umakadebona wasolwandle kanye nogada wePentagon e-Project on Government Oversight, uthe "ubunjiniyela bezepolitiki" ngabezinkontileka bezokuvikela buyisithako esibalulekile ekungabambekeni kwezinhlelo zezikhali ezimoshekayo ngokujwayelekile kanye ne-F-35 ikakhulukazi. Ukhumbule iCapitol Hill ka-2017 umcimbi wokumaketha ukuthi ungene lapho uLokheed Martin, usonkontileka oyinhloko we-F-35, ebememe abasebenzi be-congressional ukuthi bazohlola i-F-35 cockpit simulator ngenkathi bejabulela ibhulakufesi lasezwenikazi. UGrazier uqaphele ukuthi inkampani ibeke izincwadi zokukhangisa etafuleni ebifaka i imephu kukhombisa ukuthi mangaki imisebenzi ethi iboshelwe ekukhiqizweni kwezindiza zempi esifundazweni ngasinye abasimele.
Izishayamthetho eminyakeni yamuva ziye zaba nesibindi sokuthatha isabelomali samasosha. Ngonyaka odlule, ngokwesibonelo, amalungu e-116 e-US House neSenate angakaze abonwe avotela usike ngamaphesenti ayishumi. Kepha umzabalazo wokubamba isabelomali sePentagon uvinjelwe ukuncika kwezomnotho. Uma kwenzeka uKhomishani waseBuncombe County Beach-Ferrara, umfundisi kanye nommeli wamalungelo e-LGBTQ, anqobe umjaho wakhe webandla, uzongena kuleyo mpikiswano ngenkathi emele isifunda esithembele kuRaytheon ngamakhulu emisebenzi. UBeach-Ferrara akazange ayiphendule i-voicemail nama-imeyili acela ukuxoxelwa le ndaba.
"Kufanele uyinike imboni yezokuvikela kanye nenxanxathela yamasosha nezimboni ekutholeni konke lokhu," kusho uGrazier. "Ngoba ngokusabalalisa zonke lezi zinkontileka kulo lonke elase-United States nge-F-35, badala amakhulu namakhulu amasosha ezombusazwe eCapitol Hill azokwenza lukhulu ukuvikela lolu hlelo, noma ngabe lusebenza kanjani."
"Angicabangi ukuthi ukhona kithi okholelwa ukuthi sizosimisa lesi sitshalo, kodwa ukumelana nalesi sifo kuzwelonke."
Ekupheleni kwemashi yabo engamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye emuva ngoMeyi, ababhikishi beReject Raytheon AVL badabula ehlombe elinotshani eceleni komgwaqo omatasa, baphela emgodini wobumba obomvu lapho i-crane yokwakha emnyama yaphakama ngaphezu kwabo. Umhlabathi ophazamisekile bekungukuqala kwebhuloho lesikhathi esizayo esizeni sasePratt & Whitney, esixhaswe yimali yesivumelwano somlando sango-1999 phakathi kukahulumeni waseNorth Carolina nezinkampani zikagwayi. Imali, eqoqwe yiGolden Leaf Foundation kahulumeni, kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunqanda umnotho wendawo embonini kagwayi eyingozi. Esondela ebhulohweni elakhiwe kancane, uSteve Norris, ukhokho omkhulu ogqoke isikhafu sendabuko iMiddle East keffiyeh, uthe uyazwelana nabantu bendawo abanethemba lokuqashwa lapho. Ubuye futhi wavuma ukuthi umphakathi ufunde ngale phrojekthi sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthi ungaze uyivimbe.
"Angicabangi ukuthi noma ngubani wethu ukholelwa ngempela ukuthi sizomisa lesi sitshalo," esho, "kodwa ukumelana nendawo nesifo sikazwelonke."
Le ndaba yasekelwa yiSidney Hillman Foundation.
