Umkhumbi Wokuthula Owumlando Wethulwa Kabusha

Ngu-Arnold Oliver

Ngasogwini olumazombezombe olusenyakatho yeCalifornia Humboldt County, kwenziwa umlando wasolwandle. Juni 20^th kumake umcimbi wokwethulwa kweketshi kaseyili elakhiwe kabusha, i Umthetho Wegolide, ngemva kweminyaka emine yokuzikhandla kwethimba lokubuyisela eliholwa amaVeterans for Peace. Njengoba sizobona, i Umthetho Wegolide akusona isikebhe esivamile.

Uma usukhule ngokwanele, ungase ukhumbule ukuthi ngawo-1950, amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-Marshall Islands njengendawo eyinhloko yokuhlola izikhali zenuzi ezisemkhathini. Njengoba kwaziwa manje, lokho kuqhunyiswa okukhulu kwezikhali zenuzi eNtshonalanga Pacific kwakucekela phansi imvelo nempilo yabantu. Eqinisweni, ngokuqhuma okunyantisayo ngakunye, amafu abonakala kalula okuphuma kwemisebe ayezungeza iplanethi, futhi ukungcola kwaqala ukuvela obisini lwezinkomo nomama. Kwakhula ukungabaza mayelana neziqinisekiso zikahulumeni zokuthi yayingekho ingozi.

Khona-ke, ngo-1958, i- Umthetho Wegolide wafika endaweni yesigameko. Iketshi eyakhiwe u-Hugh Angelman eyi-30-foot ketch yathengwa yiqembu lezishoshovu ezisheshe zathatha uhambo lombhikisho ongenalo udlame olubheke eMarshalls. Uhlelo lwabo, olwamenyezelwa kahle, bekuwukuhamba ngomkhumbi baye endaweni okuhloswe ngayo futhi banikele ngesikebhe nabasebenzi uma kunesidingo sokumisa izivivinyo.

The Umthetho Wegolide futhi izisebenzi zayo azizange zifike lapho zaziya khona. I-Coast Guard yamisa umkhumbi eHawaii futhi yabopha wonke umuntu owayesemkhunjini. Kepha ukumenyezelwa okuzungeze ukuqulwa kwecala nokuboshwa kwabasebenzi kusize ekuvutheleni intukuthelo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke ngokumelene nokuhlolwa komkhathi.

Lokho kucasuka kwashintsha isimo. Ngo-1963, i-United States, i-Soviet Union, ne-United Kingdom basayina i-Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, esavimbela ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi emkhathini, ngaphansi kwamanzi, nasemkhathini. Azikho izivivinyo zenuzi ezenzeka eMarshall Islands ngemva kuka-1958.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwesenzo esiqondile esingenalo udlame njengomgomo oyisisekelo we- Golden UkubusaAbasebenzi bakaNkulunkulu bazophinde babe nomthelela ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zezishoshovu, kanjalo nenhlonipho yabo ehlala njalo ngobuntu nesithunzi salabo abangavumelani nabo. Izilwandle zomhlaba azikaze zifane kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

The Umthetho Wegolide wasusa umcabango wesizukulwane, futhi waba ngukhokho wemikhumbi eminingi yokubhikisha yokuthula nemvelo eyalandela, evela eNew Zealand. Vega, e-Australia Pacific Peacemaker, kuma-Sea Shepherds kanye ne-Free Gaza flotillas.

Ukuxhumana neGreenpeace kuqondile. Ngo-1971, Umthetho Wegolide umsekeli uMarie Bohlen uhambele umhlangano eVancouver, eCanada wabantu abakhathazekile ngokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Uphakamise uhambo olubheke endaweni yokuhlola yenuzi yase-US e-Aleutian Islands á la the Umthetho Wegolide. Ngokushesha, umkhumbi-manewudo ogqwalile UPhyllis Cormack yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi Greenpeace futhi walibangisa enyakatho ngase-Alaskan Archipelago. Okunye, njengoba besho, umlando.

Ngokudabukisayo, ngemva kohambo lwango-1958, i- Golden Ukubusa yathengiswa futhi yashibilika emehlweni abantu. Umkhumbi waphelela eHumboldt Bay, eCalifornia, unganakwa kabi. Ekugcineni wacwila esiphepho ngasekupheleni kuka-2010.

Lapho iqembu lamalungu aseNyakatho yeCalifornia e-Veterans for Peace lizwa ukuthi iketshi elimele laliseduze futhi lingase likwazi ukuhlengwa, lagxuma lelo thuba lokuphakamisa umkhumbi usuka ekujuleni futhi wawubuyisela enkazimulweni yawo yangaphambili yokudala.

Ngesilinganiso esikhulu, inhloso yokwakhiwa kabusha kwe- Umthetho Wegolide kuwukuhlonipha ithimba lokuqala. Bakumela beqinile ukuthula nokungabi nabudlova ngaphambi kokuba kube yimfashini. Ababili babo, u-Albert Bigelow noJames Peck, kamuva baba phakathi kwabangu-13 Freedom Rider bokuqala ngo-1961 eNingizimu yaseMelika.

Amanye amalungu eqembu nawo ayephawuleka ngokufanayo. Omunye wahola izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa iZizwe Ezihlangene, omunye waba umsunguli we-Peace Brigades International.

Iqembu elakhe kabusha iqembu Umthetho Wegolide uyahlonishwa ukuqhubeka naleli fa ngokubuyisela iketshi elincane elishisayo. Ngenkathi ixhaswe yi-Veterans for Peace, i-Golden Rule Project ihlanganisa ndawonye ingxube ye-eclectic yabathandi bezikebhe abanomlando, izazi zemvelo, ukuthula nezishoshovu zenkolo, kanye nabathuthukayo. Kuvulekele noma ubani onentshisekelo yokusebenza ukuze agcine isikebhe sihamba futhi sithuthukise umgomo waso.

Manje njengoba ukwakhiwa kabusha sekuphelile, i Umthetho Wegolide maduze izogibela amagagasi njengemnyuziyamu ephilayo nekilasi elintantayo. Abasebenzi bakhe bazofundisa izizukulwane ezizayo ngezingozi zobuchwepheshe benuzi, ukubaluleka kwendawo ezungezile yolwandle, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, amandla okudala ukuthula.

U-Arnold “Skip” Oliver, ohlanganiswe ngu PeaceVoice, unguProfesa Emeritus Wesayensi Yezepolitiki e-Heidelberg University e-Tiffin, e-Ohio. Vakashela VFPGoldenRuleProject.org ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.