Ukuvuselelwa komlando wegunya lobugebengu bobudlova e-International Criminal Court

Umfelandawonye we-ICC, Disemba 15, 2019.

I-New York-Isinqumo esingokomlando sokuvumelana sokuvula amandla eNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe (i-ICC) mayelana nobugebengu bobudlova emhlanganweni we-16th Assembly of States Parties (ASP) we-Rome Statute siletha ubulungiswa eduze kwezisulu zempi enonya, kusho uMfelandawonye we-ICC. namuhla esiphethweni soMkhandlu.

“Ngalesi senzo esiyingqopha-mlando, ngokokuqala ngqa selokhu kwaqulwa amacala angemva kweWWII eNuremburg naseTokyo, inkantolo yamazwe ngamazwe ingase ikwazi ukubopha abaholi ngabanye ngecala lobugebengu,” kusho uWilliam R. Pace, umgqugquzeli weCoalition for the ICC. "I-Coalition ihalalisela bonke labo abazabalazele ukuthi lobu bugebengu besine be-ICC busebenze futhi ibheke ngabomvu ohlelweni oluqinisiwe lweSitethiso SaseRome kanye nokuhleleka komhlaba wonke okusekelwe emthethweni."

“Ukusebenza kwegunya le-ICC emacaleni obudlova kube yisipho kuso sonke isintu. INkantolo imele unembeza nozwelo, futhi imelene nenzondo nobudlova,” kusho uJutta F. Bertram-Nothnagel, omele unomphela ku-UN kanye ne-ICC-ASP ye-Union Internationale des Avocats. “Ithemba lethu lokuthula emhlabeni nentando enhle kubo bonke liye lanikezwa umfutho omusha nobaluleke kakhulu.”

IsiGungu siphinde sabona kukhethwa amajaji amasha ayisithupha e-ICC, umongameli omusha we-ASP kanye namaphini kamongameli amabili, kanye nokwamukelwa kwesabelomali se-ICC sowezi-2017 kanye nohlu lwezinqumo eziphathelene nosizo lwezomthetho, izisulu, ukubambisana kanye nokugubha iminyaka engama-20 ezayo. iSitatimende SaseRoma.

“Njengoba amajaji amahlanu kwayisithupha aphumayo e-ICC kungabesifazane, uMfelandawonye wakhankasela ukuthi abesifazane abazongenela ukhetho baqokwe yizifundazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumeleleka kobulili ngendlela efanelekile ebhentshini le-ICC,” Kirsten Meersschaert, umqondisi wezinhlelo, Umfelandawonye we-ICC. "Ukuba nokumeleleka okulinganayo kobulili ebhentshini le-ICC akusizi nje kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubulungiswa obanele."

Udaba lokubambisana nokungasebenzisani neNkantolo nakho kwaba yizihloko ezinkulu zezingxoxo ezenzeka kuzo zombili izikhathi zomhlangano weqembu kanye nemicimbi eseceleni.

"I-Nigerian Coalition for the ICC incoma iseshini ye-ASP ngokubambisana nesinqumo esinxusa amazwe ukuthi akhulise ukusebenzisana kwawo ne-ICC," wathi Chino Obiagwu, umongameli, Nigerian National Coalition for the ICC. “Nokho siyagcizelela ukuthi i-ASP idinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngokumelene nezifunda ezingabambisene, okuhlanganisa, lapho kunesidingo, ukufaka unswinyo ukuze iNkantolo ikwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngaphandle kokubambisana i-ICC ayisebenzi futhi ukuzimela kwayo kubukela phansi.”

“Sicela imibuso ukuthi iqinise ukubambisana ne-ICC, iqinise izinhlelo zayo zokwahlulela ukuze zisabele kangcono ekusizeni, zithathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisa ukuvikelwa, kanye nokufinyelela kwabalingisi bomphakathi abasebenza ukuthuthukisa ubulungiswa be-ICC,” wathi André Kito, umongameli, umfelandawonye kazwelonke wase-DRC we-ICC. "Sikhuthazwa amaqembu ezifundazwe zase-Afrika athathe isinqumo sokuhlala ne-ICC eqaphela umthelela wokuqinisa ukubambisana nohlelo lwe-Rome Statute ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthokozelwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo ezisulu kanye nemiphakathi ethintekile."

IsiGungu siphinde samukela elinye iqoqo lezichibiyelo zoMthetho waseRoma othuthukiswe yiBelgium, wengeza inani lezikhali ohlwini lwamacala empi. Kodwa-ke, izifunda zehlulekile ukufaka amabhomu agqitshwayo ohlwini lwezikhali ezingavunyelwa ngaphansi kwe-Article 8 ye-Rome Statute.

"Amaqembu ezifundazwe aphuthelwe yithuba lokwenza ubugebengu ngamabhomu agqitshwayo kulo Mkhandlu," kusho uMatthew Cannock, inhloko yehhovisi, i-Amnesty International Center for International Justice eThe Hague. “Iningi lalezo zifundazwe ezingavumanga ukwenziwa kube semthethweni kwamabhomu agqitshwayo seligunyaze iSivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa Kwezimayini futhi bekufanele ngabe sikumele ukuchitshiyelwa kunokusivimba. Noma kunjalo, sizoqhubeka nokuphoqa izifundazwe ukuthi zengeze imibandela yamabhomu agqitshwayo esimisweni saseRoma.”

Amazwe amukele isabelomali sika-2018 se-ICC sama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-147,431.5, amele ukwanda nje ngo-1,47% ngo-2017.

“Naphezu kophenyo olusha olulodwa noma ezimbili ngonyaka ozayo, amalungu e-ICC angavuma ukuthi kunyuswe kancane isabelomali senkantolo. Ingcindezi engapheli evela kwezinye izifundazwe yokuthi ibambe isabelomali se-ICC iphakamisa imibuzo enzima yokuthi balindele ukuthi wenziwe kanjani umsebenzi wayo,” wathi U-Elizabeth Evenson, umqondisi wezobulungiswa emhlabeni jikelele ku-Human Rights Watch. “Umsebenzi we-ICC, ngeshwa, ubaluleke kakhulu manje, uma kubhekwa izingqinamba zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba imibuso ilungiselela ukubungaza iminyaka engama-20 ngowezi-2018 kwesivumelwano sokusungulwa kwe-ICC, iSitatimende SaseRome, siyabanxusa ukuthi banikeze inkantolo ukwesekwa okungokoqobo nokwezepolitiki ekudingayo ukuze ilethe ubulungiswa kulezi zikhathi ezinzima.”

“Ubulungiswa bomhlaba wonke kumele busize amazwe angemva kwezinkinga ukulwa nokungajeziswa; ukuze kugwenywe ukusolwa ngokuchema ophenyweni, i-ICC kumele icabangele wonke amacala abucayi enziwa amaqembu ahlukene alwayo,” kusho u-Ali Ouattara, umongameli we-Ivorian Coalition ye-ICC. “E-Afrika nakwamanye amazwekazi. Ekugcineni, i-ICC kumele futhi ibe ithuluzi lokubuyisana ngobulungiswa obunobulungiswa nobungachemi.”

“Uma imibuso yehluleka ukunikeza i-ICC izinsiza ezidingekayo, kudala izikhala kanye nokungasebenzi kahle njengoba i-ICC ithembela ezithembisweni ezingenalutho. Ukuthuthwa kwehhovisi le-ICC lisuka e-Uganda—izwe elinezingxabano eziqhubekayo kanye nokuqulwa kwecala eliqhubekayo le-ICC likakhomanda we-LRA u-Dominic Ongwen—liyiswe eKenya kusithinta ngokuqondile, njengoba kunciphisa amathuba ethu okuxhumana ngokuqondile nabasebenzi base-ICC,” kusho uJuliette Nakyanzi, oyi-CEO, iPlatform for Social Justice Uganda. “Lokhu kunciphisa umthelela we-ICC e-Uganda—futhi ngenxa yalokho lowo womfelandawonye kazwelonke wase-Uganda we-ICC ekuqiniseni ukwesekwa kobulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe.”

Ekwemukelweni kwesinqumo 'se-Omnibus', idokhumenti edalwe ngomzamo wokuqinisa iNkantolo kanye ne-ASP, amazwe angamalungu e-ICC ayi-123 anquma ukuthatha isinyathelo ngenani lezindaba ezibalulekile ezibhekene nesistimu yeSitembu Sase-Rome, okuhlanganisa indawo yonke, ukubambisana, ihhovisi likanobhala we-ICC. i-ASP, usizo lwezomthetho, izisulu, izindlela zokusebenza ze-ASP, nokubamba iqhaza ku-ASP, phakathi kokunye.

“Siyalwamukela uhlelo lokubonisana olumenyezelwe lokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yosizo lwezomthetho ngo-2018 okuhlanganisa nezingcweti nabamele izinhlangano zomphakathi,” kusho uKarine Bonneau, umqondisi wedeskithophu lobulungisa emhlabeni jikelele, i-International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). “Umbhalisi we-ICC kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi lokhu kubuyekezwa kohlelo losizo lwezomthetho, okuhlanganisa nezisulu, kuklanywe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zangempela hhayi ngokuqhutshwa kwezinsiza.. "

"Emicimbini eyahlukene eseceleni, izinhlangano zomphakathi zicele ukuthi amazwe angamalungu e-ICC athathelwe izinyathelo ezinqala, okuhlanganisa nokuqinisa indlela yokubhekana nezisulu ngamahhovisi endawo e-ICC emazweni asesimweni," U-Nino Tsagareishvili, umqondisi-kanye, Isikhungo Samalungelo Abantu, usihlalo womfelandawonye kazwelonke wase-Georgia we-ICC. “Siphinde futhi sicele izifundazwe ukuthi zengeze iminikelo ku-Trust Fund for Victims ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisa igunya lokusiza elidingeka ngokushesha eGeorgia nakwezinye izindawo.”

IsiGungu siphinde sabamba iseshini yomhlangano okhethekile wokugubha iminyaka engama-20 yokwamukelwa koMthetho-sisekelo wase-Rome ngowezi-2018.

"Ngomgomo we-Sustainable Development Goal 16, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ubonise ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kobulungiswa kubo bonke ngezikhungo eziphumelelayo, eziphendulayo nezibandakanya wonke amazinga kuwo wonke amazinga kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni imiphakathi enokuthula nebandakanya wonke umuntu ukuze kube nentuthuko esimeme," kusho uJelena Pia Comella, isekela lomqondisi we-Coalition for the ICC. “Onyakeni wayo wokugubha iminyaka engu-20, izifundazwe kufanele zizwakalise ukwesekwa kwezepolitiki okusezingeni eliphezulu ku-ICC njengesikhungo esihamba phambili emizamweni yokunciphisa zonke izinhlobo zodlame, ukugqugquzela umthetho, nokuqeda ukuhlukunyezwa nokuxhashazwa kwezingane nabesifazane.”

“U-2018 uzophawula iminyaka engama-20 yeSitatimende SaseRoma, izinhlangano zombuso kanye nabo bonke abanye ababambiqhaza kufanele bakhulise amandla ayo yonke imicimbi ezohlelwa ngo-2018 ngenhloso yokuhlonza izikhala nezinselelo ohlelweni lweSitatimende saseRoma kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo ukwenza uhlelo lusebenza kahle futhi lusebenza kahle,” wathi UDkt. David Donat Cattin, unobhala-jikelele, iPhalamende le-Global Action. “Amalungu ePhalamende aneqhaza elikhulu okufanele alibambe ekudaleni intando yezepolitiki nokudala amathuba okugunyazwa kanye nemithetho emisha ukuze kuqaliswe lo mthetho kanye nokufukula izikhungo zomthetho.”

Aqhubeka nobugebengu

Ukwamukelwa kwesinqumo mayelana nobugebengu bokuhlukumeza kwenzeke ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zokuxoxisana okushubile kwaze kwafinyelela ezinsukwini zangomhla ziyi-15 kuZibandlela wezi-2017. Njengoba amazwe angamalungu e-ICC esethathe isinqumo ngencazelo yobugebengu engqungqutheleni yokubuyekeza eKampala ngowezi-2010, I-ASP 16 yanikezwa umsebenzi wokuqalisa. Kodwa-ke, kwavela uqhekeko phakathi kwezifunda mayelana nokuthi amandla azosebenza kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-ICC uma sekufinyelelwe umkhawulo wokugunyazwa okungu-30, noma kuphela lawo amukele igunya leNkantolo phezu kobugebengu.

Isinqumo esamukelwe ekugcineni sizoqala ukusebenza mhla ziyi-17 kuJulayi 2018—usuku lwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 yesivumelwano sokusungulwa kwe-ICC—emazweni angamalungu e-ICC asemukele noma asemukele ukuchitshiyelwa kweSitatimende SaseRoma. Iphinde ibeke ukuthi i-ICC ngeke ibe namandla phezu kwamazwe angamalungu e-ICC, noma izizwe zawo, ezingakagunyazanga noma zamukele lezi zichibiyelo esimweni sokudluliselwa kombuso noma proprio motu (oluqalwe umshushisi we-ICC) uphenyo. Kodwa-ke, amajaji e-ICC agcina ukuzimela kwawo ekulawuleni izindaba zezomthetho kanye nokudluliselwa koMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN akunayo imingcele yomthetho.

“Izenzo zonya ezinjengalezi zihlanganisa izimpi ezinonya eziye zabonisa ezinye zezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni wamuva, okuvame ukuholela ezenzweni zobugebengu bempi, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini, kanye nokuqothulwa kohlanga,” kusho umongameli osanda kukhethwa we-PGA, uNksz Margareta Cederfelt, wePhalamende (Sweden). “Isinqumo sanamuhla se-ICC Assembly of States Parties sokuvula amandla eNkantolo mayelana nobugebengu bokuhlukumeza siqinisa ukuzibophezela koMphakathi Wamazwe Ngamazwe ekuqedeni ukungajeziswa ngamacala abucayi kakhulu ngaphansi koMthetho Wamazwe Ngamazwe.”

Ukhetho lwezikhundla ezibalulekile ze-ICC ne-ASP

Amazwe akhethe amajaji amasha ayisithupha ebhentshini le-ICC. UNksz.Tomoko Akane (Japan), Nksz. Luz del Carmen Ibánez Carranza (Peru), Nksz. Reine Alapini-Gansou (Benin), Nksz. Solomy Balungi Bossa (Uganda), Nksz. Kimberly Prost (Canada), kanye noMnu. Rosario U-Salvatore Aitala (e-Italy) uzohlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, okulindeleke ukuthi iqale ngoNdasa wezi-2018.

Kolunye ukhetho lwe-ASP, ijaji u-O-Gon Kwon (iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea) uqokwe njengomongameli olandelayo we-ASP, kanti uMnu. Momar Diop, inxusa laseSenegal eNetherlands, uzosebenza njengesekela-mongameli ehola i-ASP Bureau iThe Hague Working. Group, kanye noMnu. Michal Mlynár, inxusa laseSlovakia kuNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, bazoba ngusihlalo WeQembu Elisebenzayo laseNew York. Amalungu ayisithupha eKomidi Lesabelomali Nezezimali nawo akhethwa ngosuku lokuqala lwe-ASP.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe

Vakashela wethu ikhasi lewebhu ku-Assembly of States Parties 2017 ukuze uthole izifinyezo zansuku zonke, isizinda, izincomo ezibalulekile zomphakathi kanye neminye imibhalo.

Vakashela wethu ikhasi lewebhu lobugebengu bokuhlukumeza ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezincazelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okulawula ubugebengu besine obuyinhloko be-ICC

Vakashela wethu ikhasi lewebhu lokhetho ukuthola okwengeziwe mayelana neziqu kanye nombono wobulungiswa bamazwe ngamazwe wamajaji ayisithupha e-ICC

Mayelana neCoalition for the ICC

I-Coalition for the ICC iyinethiwekhi yezinhlangano zomphakathi ezingu-2,500, ezincane nezinkulu, emazweni angu-150 ezilwela ubulungisa emhlabeni wonke ngamacala empi, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini kanye nokuqothulwa kohlanga iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Senze ubulungiswa bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba kwenzeke; manje sesiyenza isebenze. 

Ochwepheshe abavela ezinhlanganweni zamalungelo abantu ezingamalungu eCoalition bayatholakala ukuze bathole ulwazi oluyisisekelo kanye nokuphawula. Othintana naye: ukuxhumana@coalitionfortheicc.org.

Mayelana ne-ICC

I-ICC iyinkantolo yamazwe ngamazwe yokuqala yaphakade emhlabeni ukuba namandla phezu kwamacala empi, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini, kanye nokubulawa kwabantu. Okubalulekile egunyeni leNkantolo umgomo wokuphelelisana, othi iNkantolo izongenela kuphela uma izinhlelo zomthetho zikazwelonke zingakwazi noma zingazimisele ukuphenya nokushushisa abenzi bokuqothulwa kohlanga, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini kanye namacala empi. Njengenye yentuthuko eyingqophamlando ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, uhlelo olusha olusungulwe iSitatimende SaseRoma lwenzelwe ukujezisa abenzi bobubi, ukuletha ubulungiswa kwabahlukunyeziwe futhi kube neqhaza emiphakathini ezinzile, enokuthula. INkantolo isivele yenze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekubambeni labo abathinteka kakhulu ezenzweni zonya. Izisulu sezivele zithola usizo lokuvuselela ukuphila kwazo. Kodwa ukufinyelela kwezobulungiswa emhlabeni jikelele kuhlala kungalingani, futhi ohulumeni abaningi bayaqhubeka nokuphika igunya le-ICC lapho lidingeka khona kakhulu.