NguDavid Swanson, I-Telesur
Ngomhla ziyisi-6 kanye nowezi-9 ku-Agasti izigidi zabantu zizophawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-70 sokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu enuzi e-Hiroshima naseNagasaki kulawo madolobha futhi izenzakalo emhlabeni jikelele. Abanye bazogubha isivumelwano sakamuva lapho i-Iran izibophezele khona ukuthi ngeke iziphishekele izikhali zenuzi, futhi ihambisane nesivumelwano sokungabhebhetheki (i-NPT) kanye nezimfuneko ezingabekwa kunoma yisiphi esinye isizwe.
Kodwa-ke, lezo zizwe ezinezikhali zenuzi ziphula i-NPT ngokwehluleka ukuqeda izikhali noma ngokwakha ezinye (US, Russia, UK, France, China, India), noma zenqabile ukusayina isivumelwano (Israel, Pakistan, North Korea ). Ngaleso sikhathi amazwe amasha athola amandla enuzi naphezu kokuba nendathane kawoyela kanye/noma ezinye zezimo ezinhle kakhulu zamandla elanga emhlabeni (Saudi Arabia, Jordan, UAE).
Imicibisholo yenuzi equkethe okungaphezu kwawo wonke amandla okuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eMpi Yezwe II ngebhomu elilodwa iqondiswe izinkulungwane zaseRussia ezivela e-United States futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukusangana kwemizuzwana engamashumi amathathu nambili kumongameli wase-US noma waseRussia kungaqeda yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni. Futhi i-United States idlala imidlalo yempi emngceleni waseRussia. Ukwamukelwa kwalokhu kuhlanya njengokujwayelekile nokujwayelekile kuyingxenye yokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwalawo mabhomu amabili, aqala eminyakeni engu-70 edlule futhi okungavamile ukuqondwa kahle.
Ukujikijelwa kwalawo mabhomu kanye nosongo olusobala kusukela ekuwisweni okwengeziwe kuwubugebengu obusha obuye bazala uhlobo olusha lwe-imperialism. Izwe laseMelika selingenelelile izizwe ezingaphezu kuka-70 - ngaphezu kweyodwa ngonyaka - kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, futhi manje isifikile ngokugcwele ekubuyiseleni impi yaseJapan.
The umlando kwezempi yokuqala yase-US eJapane kuvezwe nguJames Bradley. Ngo-1853 i-US Navy yaphoqa iJapane ukuba ivulekele abathengisi base-US, izithunywa zevangeli, kanye nezempi. Ngo-1872 amasosha ase-US aqala ukuqeqesha amaJapane ukuthi anganqoba kanjani ezinye izizwe, iso eTaiwan.
UCharles LeGendre, ujenene waseMelika oqeqesha amaJapane ngezindlela zempi, wahlongoza ukuthi bamukele i-Monroe Doctrine for Asia, okuwumgomo wokubusa i-Asia ngendlela i-United States eyabusa ngayo i-hemisphere yayo. Ngo-1873, iJapane yahlasela iTaiwan nabeluleki bezempi base-US kanye nezikhali. Kwalandela iKorea, kwalandela iChina ngo-1894. Ngo-1904, umongameli wase-United States uTheodore Roosevelt wakhuthaza iJapane ukuba ihlasele iRussia. Kodwa wephula isithembiso ayesenze eJapane ngokwenqaba ukuphumela obala ngokusekela kwakhe i-Monroe Doctrine, futhi wasekela ukwenqaba kweRussia ukukhokhela iJapane imadlana ngemva kwempi. Umbuso waseJapan wabonakala njengoqhudelana naye esikhundleni sokuba ummeleli, futhi amasosha ase-US achitha amashumi eminyaka ehlela impi neJapane.
UHarry Truman, owayezoyala ukuthi kuqhunyiswe amabhomu enuzi ngo-1945, wakhuluma eSenate yase-US ngoJuni 23, 1941: "Uma sibona ukuthi iJalimane iyanqoba," esho, "kufanele sisize iRussia, futhi uma iRussia iwina kufanele. ukusiza iJalimane, futhi ngaleyo ndlela mababulale abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.” Ingabe uTruman wayezazisa izimpilo zamaJapane ngaphezu kwesiRashiya nesiJalimane? Akukho lapho okusikisela ukuthi wakwenza. Inhlolovo Yamasosha AseMelika ngo-1943 yathola ukuthi cishe ingxenye yawo wonke ama-GI ayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuzodingeka kubulawe wonke umuntu waseJapane osemhlabeni. UWilliam Halsey, owayephethe amasosha asolwandle ase-US eNingizimu Pacific, wafunga ukuthi lapho impi isiphelile, ulimi lwesiJapane lwaluyokhulunywa esihogweni kuphela.
Ngo-August 6, 1945, uMongameli Truman wamemezela: “Emahoreni angu-XNUMX edlule indiza yaseMelika ilahle ibhomu eHiroshima, isikhungo esibalulekile samasosha aseJapane.” Impela kwakuwumuzi, hhayi isizinda samasosha nhlobo. “Njengoba sesilitholile ibhomu silisebenzisile,” kusho uTruman. "Sikusebenzisile ngokumelene nalabo abasihlasele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso ePearl Harbor, ngokumelene nalabo abalambile futhi bashaya futhi babulala iziboshwa zempi zaseMelika, kanye nalabo abalahle konke ukuzenzisa ukulalela umthetho wezempi wamazwe ngamazwe." UTruman akashongo lutho mayelana nokungabaza noma intengo edingekayo yokuqeda impi.
Eqinisweni, iJapan ibizama ukuzinikela izinyanga izinyanga, okuhlanganisa nekhebula layo langoJulayi 13 elithunyelwe kuStalin, owalifundela uTruman. I-Japan yayifuna kuphela ukugcina umbusi wayo, imigomo i-United States yenqaba kuze kube ngemva kokuqhuma kwamabhomu enuzi. Umeluleki kaTruman uJames Byrnes wayefuna ukuthi kuwiswe amabhomu ukuze kuqedwe impi ngaphambi kokuba iSoviet Union ihlasele iJapan. Eqinisweni, amaSoviet ahlasela amaJapane eManchuria ngosuku olufanayo nokuqhuma kwamabhomu eNagasaki futhi abakhungathekisa. I-US kanye namaSoviet aqhubeka nempi eJapane amasonto ambalwa ngemva kweNagasaki. Khona-ke amaJapane azinikela.
I-United States Strategic Bombing Survey yaphetha ngokuthi, “… ngokuqinisekile ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela, 1945, futhi cishe ngaphambi komhla lu-1 kuLwezi, 1945, iJapan yayiyobe izinikele noma ngabe amabhomu e-athomu ayengazange awiswe, noma ngabe iRussia yayingangenanga. impi, futhi ngisho noma kwakungekho ukuhlasela okwakuhleliwe noma okwakucatshangwa.” Omunye owayephikisana namabhomu enuzi owayeveze lo mbono ofanayo kuNobhala Wezempi ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwamabhomu kwakunguGeneral Dwight Eisenhower. USihlalo Wezikhulu Ezihlangene Zezisebenzi U-Admiral William D. Leahy wavuma: “Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sikhali esinonya eHiroshima naseNagasaki kwakungelona usizo oluphathekayo empini yethu neJapane. AmaJapane ayesehluliwe kakade futhi ekulungele ukuzinikela.”
Impi yayingakapheli. Umbuso omusha waseMelika wethulwa. "Ukuvukela impi ... kuzoba isithiyo esicishe singenakunqotshwa," kusho i-General Electric uCharles Wilson ngo-1944. umnotho.” Benza kanjalo. Nakuba ayehlasela akukho okusha kumasosha ase-US, bona kwafika manje ngesilinganiso esisha. Futhi usongo oluhlala lukhona lokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi luye lwaba ingxenye eyinhloko yalo.
UTruman wasabisa nge-nuke yaseChina ngo-1950. Inganekwane yakhula, eqinisweni, ukuthi intshiseko ka-Eisenhower nge-nuking yaseChina yaholela esiphethweni esisheshayo seMpi YaseKorea. Ukukholelwa kuleyo nganekwane kwenza uMongameli uRichard Nixon, emashumini eminyaka kamuva, acabange ukuthi angaqeda iMpi YaseVietnam ngokuzenza uhlanya ngokwanele ukusebenzisa amabhomu enuzi. Okuphazamisa nakakhulu, empeleni wayehlanya ngokwanele. “Ibhomu lenuzi, liyakukhathaza lokho? … Ngifuna nje ukuthi ucabange kakhulu, Henry, ngoChristsakes,” kusho u-Nixon ku-Henry Kissinger lapho bexoxa ngezinketho zeVietnam. Futhi kukangaki i-Iran ikhunjuzwa ukuthi "zonke izinketho zisetafuleni"?
A umkhankaso omusha ukuqeda izikhali zenuzi kukhula ngokushesha futhi kufanele sisekele. Kepha iJapan iyakhula ivuselelwe. Futhi futhi, uhulumeni wase-US ucabanga ukuthi uzoyithanda imiphumela. UNdunankulu u-Shinzo Abe, ngokwesekwa yi-US, uchaza kabusha lolu limi kuMthethosisekelo wase-Japan:
"[T] abantu baseJapane bayilahla kuze kube phakade impi njengelungelo elibusayo lesizwe kanye nosongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe. … [L] kanye, amabutho olwandle, nawomoya, kanye namanye amandla empi, akusoze kwagcinwa.”
“Ukuhunyushwa kabusha” okusha, okufezwe ngaphandle kokuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo, kubambe ukuthi iJapan ingagcina amabutho asemhlabeni, ulwandle, nomoya, kanye namanye amandla empi, nokuthi iJapan izosebenzisa impi noma isongele impi ukuze ivikeleke, ukuvikela noma iyiphi impi yayo. umbimbi, noma ukubamba iqhaza empini egunyazwe yi-UN noma kuphi emhlabeni. Amakhono ka-Abe “wokuhumusha kabusha” angenza iHhovisi Lase-US Lomeluleki Wezomthetho libe namahloni.
Abahlaziyi base-US babhekisela kulokhu kushintsha eJapane njengokuthi "okujwayelekile" futhi bazwakalisa intukuthelo ngokwehluleka kweJapane ukuhlanganyela kunoma yiziphi izimpi kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II. Uhulumeni wase-US manje uzolindela ukubamba iqhaza kweJapan kunoma yikuphi usongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwempi ngokumelene neChina noma iRussia. Kepha okuhambisana nokubuya kwezempi yaseJapan ukukhuphuka kobuzwe baseJapan, hhayi ukuzinikela kwamaJapan ekubuseni kwe-US. Futhi ngisho nobuzwe baseJapan bubuthakathaka e-Okinawa, lapho umnyakazo wokuxosha izizinda zamasosha ase-US ukhula ngamandla ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekuvuseleleni iJapan, esikhundleni sokuziqeda amandla, i-United States idlala ngomlilo.
