NguJoseph Essertier, uJanuwari 6, 2019
Kusukela I-ZNet
“Amandla okubhala izingxenye ezinkulu zesintu njenge-Other, as disposable, as less than human and therefore worthy of a sacrifice, ibilokhu ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele neqiniso lokuthi sinika umnotho wethu amandla okubasa, futhi bekulokhu kunjalo. Amandla we-Fossilized awakwazi ukuba khona, akakaze akwazi ukuba khona, ngaphandle kwezindawo zomhlatshelo nabantu bomhlatshelo. - UNaomi Klein, "UNawomi Klein: Ukucabanga Ngekusasa Ngaphandle Kwezindawo Zokunikela", I-Othering and Belonging Conference, i-2015
Ngonyaka odlule I-Business Insider wachaza ukuthi "ngaphandle kwemifula yamakhorali, kungahle kube khona izinto eziphilayo ezikhukhulayo eziwa phansi olwandle, nemiphumela emibi emhlabeni." Futhi ku-2012 uRoger Bradbury, isazi sezinto zemvelo e-Australian National University sasitshela ukuthi ama-coral reefs ayafa; ukuthi i-International Coral Reef Symposium ibizwa ngokuthi "kubo bonke ohulumeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikusasa lamadwala e-coral"; "amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abampofu, amazwe ashisayo afana ne-Indonesia nePhilippines ancike emadwaleni ama-coral okudla" azohlupheka; ukuthi imboni yezokuvakasha yamazwe "acebile anemifula yamakhorali, njenge-United States, Australia neJapane" isongelwa; ukuthi iMexico neThailand "izimboni zokuphepha nezokuvakasha" "ziyolimaza kakhulu" nokuthi kuyoba nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene (New York Times). Okwamanje kukhona ukuvumelana ngalokho okubulala ama-coral: ukufudumala kwamazinga okushisa olwandle, ama-acidification olwandle, ukungcola, ukudoba ngokweqile, mhlawumbe ngisho nezinhlobo eziphilayo nezindawo zokuthuthukiswa kolwandle.
Kodwa kukhona omunye umbulali we-coral. Ungomunye wababulali bomhlaba oyinhloko, futhi usongela ukusinda kwezinhlobo zethu. Ngibhala ngezempi zase-US futhi, kulesibonelo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-coral ye-Oura Bay e-Okinawa, eJapane. Umthelela wempi wase-US e-coral kunendawo ebulalayo ngoba kuhlangene nomunye umbulali, uhulumeni waseJapane, owaziwa manje ngokubulawa kwezilwandle-ngokushaya izintuthwane, amahlengethwa, nenhlanzi, ngaphandle kokubalula labo bantu badabukile ngokwanele ukuhlala eduze nolwandle futhi uhlale ezinhlanzi noma okuphila kwabo kwakuncike ekudobeni. (Loo hulumende wasiza ukwakha izitshalo zamandla enyukliya eduze nezindawo ezisogwini lwe-tsunami, futhi waze waxhasa iTokyo Electric Power Company noma i-TEPCO ngemuva kwenhlekelele yeFukushima Daiichi eye yavula amanzi aphezulu emsakazweni ePacific Ocean).
Njengoba kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo saseHenoko, lapho banda khona iKamp Schwab e-Oura Bay, iTokyo iphikisana neWashington enye inqwaba yezindiza e-US Marine Corps-ukweba abampofu nokunikeza abacebile. (I-Camp Schwab isendaweni yaseNenoko yaseNago City). Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunamandla amakhulu-iTokyo, Washington, nezinkampani ezihlukahlukene ezizuzisayo kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo-ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi zimelela abantu Uchinā. Uchinā igama elithi "Okinawa" ku Uchināguchi, ulimi oluzalwa esiqhingini sase-Okinawa. I-Battle of Okinawa yabulala ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu Uchinā abantu, bashiya abaningi babo bengenamakhaya, futhi bachitha izwe labo, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi bathi, abafuni lokho kwenzeke futhi. Uchinā abantu baye balwela iminyaka engamatshumi amathathu kwekhulu ukuze bachithe umhlaba wabo futhi bavimbele lezi zizwe ezimbili ezinamandla, i-US kanye neJapane, ukuphenduka izwe labo empini. Baye balwela, ngokuphumelela okuthile, cishe kubo, iminyaka emashumi. Inani labantu baseJapane lilonke cishe izikhathi ezingu-100 abantu base-Okinawa Prefecture. Uma kuqhathaniswa, iKorea cishe izikhathi ezingu-50 abantu base-Okinawa. Uma kunzima ngisho nakumaKorea ukugcina ukuzimela kwabo eTokyo naseWashington, cabanga ukuthi yini Uchinā abantu baye baphikisana.
Uchināguchi yilulimi lwendabuko lwesiqhingi sase-Okinawa futhi aluhambisani kahle ngolimi lwaseTokyo. I Uchinā abantu babejabulela ukuzimela njengombuso ohlukile kuze kube sekhulwini le-17th ngisho nangemva kwalokho bakwazi ukugcina ukuzimela okuvela eJapane kuze kube yi-1874. Amaphesenti angu-20 wengqikithi yedolobha lase-Okinawa Island manje lihlala ngama-base base-US. Eminye yayo ibuswa iTokyo. Isiqhingi sase-Okinawa singesinye seziqhingi eziningi e-Okinawa Prefecture ezinokufakwa kwezempi, kwezempi zase-US noma ezombutho we-"Self-defense" yaseJapane (i-SDF) yaseJapane. I-Miyako Island ne-Ishigaki Island yiziqhingi ezimbili ezinkulu ezakha i-Okinawa Prefecture. Amaphoyisa amathathu ase-50,000 ase-Japan ahlala e-Okinawa Prefecture.
I-Washington neTokyo bafuna ukusebenzisa i-Uchinā futhi njengalokho engikubiza ngokuthi "indawo yokudela," eboleka isikhathi sikaNaomi Klein. Eyokugcina iminyaka eyi-20 abantu base-Uchinā baphumelele ngokumelene nemizamo yaseTokyo yokwakha isisekelo lapho. Bavimbe, baye okwesikhashana, noma bawuthubhe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa ngo-14th kaDisemba, ngenyanga eyedlule, iTokyo yaqala ukulimaza ngempela ama-coral eHenoko, e-Oura Bay. (Ungabuka ukubulawa okubuhlungu kwe-coral ngokwakho kuwebhusayithi ethi "Stand With Okinawa": standwithokinawa.net/2018/12/14/dec14news/). Baye balahla udoti futhi bachoboza idwala phezulu. Ngenhlanhla kuwo wonke umuntu, izishoshovu ezilwa no-anti azizange zihlehlise phansi. Ngalokho kufanele sibonge. I-coral isaphila. Njengoba ososayensi wezombusazwe kanye no-activist C. Douglas Lummis babhekisela ngelinye ilanga, "Akusikho Kwaphela" Kuze Kuphele. "(Isihloko sakhe sakamuva sinesihloko esithi, "Akunjalo 'Kuze Kuphele: Ukuzindla ngokumelene nokuphikiswa kuka-Okinawan Anti-Base", I I-Asia-Pacific Journal: I-Japan Focus, 1 January 2019). Uyayazi abantu base-Uchinā kanye nomlando wabo wempuphu ngokujulile kunoma ubani, futhi uyazi amandla abo.
Iningi labantu base-Uchinā liphikisana nokwakhiwa kwesisekelo saseHenoko; I-55% yamaJapane iyaphikiswa. Ukusebenzisana nabantu base-Uchinā kukhona izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseJapane eziqaphele emphakathini, nezakhamuzi ezinhle zomhlaba ezivela ngaphandle kweJapane. Lesi yingxenye encane yomuntu oqonda lokho okusemqoka. Ubuntu manje buphakathi "nomcimbi wokuqothulwa emhlabeni wonke," lapho amakhorali asezilwandle emhlabeni wonke azokuphela. Ama-Coral uhlobo oluthile lwe-invertebrate elwandle. Ama-invertebrates olwandle ayilona uhlobo lwesilwane esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Ukuqothulwa kwale nsiza yonke yokuphila kusekhadini. I-Henoko kufanele ibe uhlobo olondolozwayo.
"Amadwala e-coral," ke, "amahlathi emvula," kodwa i-Henoko coral reef ingase ibe emilenzeni yayo yokugcina. Sinquma ukuthi ngabe iphila noma ifa. Ukusinda kwe- i-dugong (uhlobo oluthile lwe "cow cow") nezinye izinhlobo ze-200 zingase zithembele ekusindeni kwamadwala e-coral eHenoko. Kodwa ukuphathwa kukaNdunankulu uShinzo Abe manje, empeleni, uyala abantu ukuba bawubulale-leli coral eliyigugu elinempilo eliqala nje ukuhlushwa kwe-coral bleaching elihlupha ama-coral kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Abaphathi bafaka imfucumfucu emzimbeni wabo-ababulali futhi baqala umsebenzi wokuthuthwa kwamanzi nge-14th kaDisemba-mhlawumbe isenzo esiphula umthetho waseJapane-sinethemba lokuphulula intando yokumelana. Bazama ukwakha ngezansi kolwandle onokuthi "ukuqiniswa kwemayonnaise," ngakho le phrojekthi izobiza ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ihlolwe ekuqaleni if onjiniyela bangakwazi ukwakha futhi if izithiyo zomthetho zinganqotshwa. Njengoba uGavan McCormack noSatoko Norimatsu babhale encwadini yabo Iziqhingi eziphikisayo (2012), ukwakha isisekelo sezempi eHenoko kufana nokwakha eyodwa e-Grand Canyon. Kungani ukwakhiwa khona lapho noma kunjalo?
Imperialism yanamuhla, ngegama. Njengoba iJapane yaphuma ekuqothulweni kwamakhulu eminyaka futhi ezweni lezinja-lokudla-inja leKoloniyali yaseNtshonalanga ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, uhulumeni waseJapane, naye, wahlanganyela emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga-ngokumelene nabantu base-Uchinā eningizimu , i-Ainu enyakatho, nabanye omakhelwane, njengabantu baseKorea naseChina. Ukuphikisa ukoloni ngeNtshonalanga nokuba umbuso wesitayela saseNtshonalanga ngokwawo (ukuqedela omunye wemisebenzi okuthiwa "okwesimanje") kwakusho ukuthi kwakufanele kube isihogo ekubhekaneni nokukhuliswa kwezimboni nganoma yikuphi izindleko-kusukela ekuzalweni kwayo okudinga ku-1868 kuze kube ukuhlukunyezwa kwalo ku-1945.
Esikhathini sesikhathi sempi, iJapan yashintsha yaba "Japan Japan" Lesi sikhungo samandla esisha sasimemezela uhulumeni kazwelonke eTokyo ngakwesinye isandla kanye nebhizinisi elikhulu laseJapan kwelinye. Laba bobabili bahlangene ndawonye ukuze bakhe umzimba owodwa wokwenza inqubomgomo owaqhubeka nokusebenza okufanayo kwesihogo esiyi-gear esiyi-Japan elites esasiqalile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, sithatha ingxenye enkulu yama-militarist. Njengase-US, mhlawumbe nakakhulu, inzuzo iza phambi kwabantu baseJapane, Inc. Futhi enye yemithombo emikhulu yenzuzo ibe nguMnyango Wokubulala, iPentagon. Ukuziphatha okulimazayo esikubonayo ku-Henoko namuhla kunesifo sengqondo esivela kumbono wokuphila komuntu kodwa kuhambisana ngokuphelele nezinjongo zikaTokyo neWashington zokuzikhandla nokuzikhandla.
Isiphetho
Ukubhujiswa okwenziwe eplanethi yethu ngemishini yempi yase-US, eJapane, nakwamanye amazwe kushukumisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu basinde ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva, njengokushisa kwamafutha ashicilelwe uKlein. UHenoko uyisibonelo sokuqala seMpi Yethu ephendulela imvelo ibe yindawo yokudela. Lobugebengu obuningi obungabonakali bokubulala enye yemifula yamakhorali enempilo yokugcina ingathumela ukusakazeka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke. Abantu base-Uchinā nalabo abame nabo basinika ithemba, nakuba ngamazwi abo amancane kodwa aqinelayo ababiza emhlabeni, "Yeka ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo esisha eHenoko!"
U-Klein uthe, "Ngizophikisana, nakuba kungenakuphikiswa, ukuthi abantu bayaphathwa ngokweqile uma befika endleleni yemali kulezo zindawo." ("Overburden" yizinto eziphezulu kunendawo ehlose ukuxhaphazwa, njengamadwala, inhlabathi, kanye nemvelo ezithola indlela yokumba imayini-uhlobo olulodwa lwesitoreji somthombo). U-Klein uyaqhubeka wathi uma abantu "abadonswa ngokwezimali" ngale ndlela banamalungelo, lokho kukhishwa ngokweqile kuyinkinga yabaqashi. Ukucabanga ngale migomo mayelana nokuphila nokulwa nokufa okuqhubekayo manje e-Henoko, Okinawa, eJapane, isaziso esisodwa ukuthi ngomqondo oqondile, yebo, abantu base-Uchinā basebenza njengelinye uhlobo lwe "overburden" futhi banamalungelo njengoba nje nezinye izakhamizi zaseJapane yenza kanjalo, ngakho bazoqhubeka nokuhamba ngendlela, ngokomfanekiso ngisho nangokweqiniso, njengoba bebeka imizimba yabo emgwaqeni evimba amaloli enza umsebenzi wokuthutha amanzi. Kuthiwani sonke sithola indlela nabo, ngokufanisayo, ngokwemvelo, ngokweqiniso nakanjani, nganoma yiluphi indlela esingakwazi ngayo, thina kanye nekusasa lethu leplanethi? Masibe yi-overburden evimba ukukhishwa kwemishini yempi yase-US-Japan. Masibe "ukuphila okuthola endleleni yemali" uKlein akhuluma ngayo, okokuqala ngokunciphisa "ukusabalalisa komhlaba wokudela" okungukuthi "kungcwelisa imiphakathi" futhi "kusongela izinhlelo zokusekela ukuphila kweplanethi ngokwayo" ukuze ukuthi thina nomhlaba singaphila.
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Sibonga kakhulu uStephen Brivati ngokuphawula, ukusikisela nokuhlela.
UJoseph Essertier ungumprofesa ohlangene eNagoya Institute of Technology eJapane noMqondisi waseJapan World BEYOND War.
