Isihogo Abanye Abantu Bacabanga Ngempi

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Mashi 30, i-2023

Ipheshana lichaze umbhali kanje: “Owayengusolwandle uCharles Douglas Lummis ubhale kabanzi ngesihloko sobudlelwano bamazwe angaphandle e-US, futhi ungumgxeki omkhulu wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa iRadical Democracy, kanye ne-A New Look at the Chrysanthemum and Sword. U-Susan Sontag ubize uLummis 'omunye wezihlakaniphi ezicatshangelwayo, ezihloniphekile, nezifanele ezibhala mayelana nenqubo yentando yeningi noma kuphi emhlabeni.' UKarel van Wolferen ubhekisele kuye ‘njengombukeli ovelele wobudlelwane phakathi kweMelika namaJapane.’” Bengizazi lezi zinto ngaye kakade, kodwa nokho ngangisashikashikana nokuyicosha le ncwadi, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi yayibhalwe nge-elekthronikhi. .

Incwadi ibizwa Impi Isihogo: Izifundo zelungelo lodlame olusemthethweni. Umbhali ungiqinisekisile ukuthi aliphikisani elivuna udlame. Wayeqinisile. Ngiyengezile ohlwini lwami lwezincwadi ezinhle zokuqeda impi (bheka ngezansi) futhi ngiyibheke njengencwadi engcono kakhulu engiyifunde kamuva nje. Kodwa kufika esiphethweni salo kancane kancane nangendlela. Akuyona incwadi enensayo. Ungayifunda ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa iqala ngezindlela zokucabanga zezempi zendabuko futhi ihamba kancane kancane iye kokuthile okuhlakaniphe kakhudlwana. Ekuqaleni, ebhekana nomqondo "wodlame olusemthethweni," uLummis uyabhala:

“Siyazazi lezi zinto, kodwa kusho ukuthini lokhu ukwazi? Uma ukwazi kuyisenzo somqondo, hlobo luni lwesenzo 'ukwazi' ukuthi ukudubula kwezempi akukona ukubulala? Senzani (futhi sizenzela thina) uma ‘sazi’ lezi zinto? Ingabe lokhu 'ukwazi' akuyona indlela 'yokungazi'? Akukona yini 'ukwazi' okudinga ukukhohlwa? ‘Ukwazi’ ukuthi, esikhundleni sokusithintanisa nokuba ngokoqobo kwezwe, kwenza ingxenye yalelo qiniso ingabonakali?”

I-Lummis ihola umfundi ngokungangabazeki ukuthi abuze umbono wempi esemthethweni, ngisho nombono kahulumeni osemthethweni njengoba siqonda ohulumeni njengamanje. Uma, njengoba uLummis esho, ohulumeni banesizathu sokuvinjwa kodlame, kepha ababulali abaphezulu bangohulumeni - hhayi nje ezimpini zakwamanye amazwe kodwa ezimpini zombango kanye nokucindezelwa kokuvukela - pho-ke yini esele ekulungisisweni?

U-Lummis uqala ngokuphakamisa ukuthi akaqondi ukuthi yini evumela abantu ukuthi babone udlame njengento ehluke ngokuphelele. Nokho ubonisa ngokuhamba kwencwadi ukuthi uyiqonda kahle kakhulu futhi uzama ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba benze okufanayo, balandele izibonelo eziningi nezimpikiswano, okufinyelela umvuthwandaba ekuqondeni ukuthi kanjani. I-Satyagraha noma isenzo esingenalo udlame siguqula ukubulala kubuyele ekubulaleni ngokwenqaba ukwenza ngokwemibandela yakho (kanye nendlela esiphakamisa ngayo isidingo somfelandawonye wamadolobhana azimele).

Angicabangi ukuthi ukubuka into ehluke ngokuphelele kulokho okungase kusikiselwe ukubonwa okuvamile kuyinto eyivelakancane nhlobo.

Imuvi manje ematiyetha ase-US ebizwa Indoda Ethiwa U-Otto - kanye nencwadi yokuqala nefilimu Indoda Ebizwe U-Ove — [I-SPOILER ALERT] ixoxa ngendaba yendoda eshonelwe inkosikazi yayo ethandekayo. Uzama kaningi ukuzibulala kulokho akuchaza njengomzamo wokujoyina umkakhe. Usizi nosizi lwaleyo ncazelo kukhulisa kuphela ukukhathazeka kwabanye ukuvimbela inhlekelele ka-Otto/Ove azibulale. Ngamanye amazwi, abanye noma bonke abalingisi befilimu, okuhlanganisa nomlingiswa oyinhloko, bazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi ukufa kungukufa (ngaphandle kwalokho bonke bazobe bekhuthaza futhi babungaza ukuhlangana kabusha okujabulisayo kombhangqwana ojabulayo ezweni lemilingo). Kodwa okungenani oyedwa kubo uyakwazi “ukukholelwa” ngezinga elithile ukuthi ukufa akukuqedi ngempela ukuphila.

Uma sibekezelela, noma sivumela, noma sihalalisela ukubulala empini, noma ngamaphoyisa, noma emajele, sidlulela ngale kokuqhelelana kwesidlo esidliwayo esingafuni ukwazi amagama emfuyo esitshalweni sakhe. Impi ayiqondwa nje njengobubi obudingekayo ngeshwa, okufanele bugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka, yaphela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa nokho yenziwa njengenkonzo yilabo abazimisele nabakwaziyo lapho kudingeka. Kunalokho, siyazi, njengoba uLummis ebhala, ukubulala empini kungabi ukubulala, kungabi kubi, kungabi negazi, kunyanyeke, kube lusizi, noma kubi. Kufanele “sikwazi” lokhu noma besingeke sihlale phansi sikwenze ngokungapheli emagameni ethu.

Njengoba sibuka abantu baseParis, eFrance, bevala inhlokodolobha yabo ngenxa yezikhalazo ezincane kakhulu kunezomphakathi wase-US ngohulumeni wayo, kucace bha ukuthi yonke inkulumo emibuthanweni yase-US ngendaba yempi - inkulumo yokukhetha phakathi ukulwa nokumane ulale futhi uhambise - kuvela emithonjeni emithathu: inkulumo-ze yempi engapheli, eqinile ukuphika amaqiniso wamandla esenzo esingenalo udlame, kanye nomkhuba ojule wokumane ulale ubuye uhambise. Sidinga ukuqashelwa okuqotho kwamandla esenzo esingenalo udlame njengesibambiso sakho kokubili impi nokungenzi lutho.

Nakuba nginezingxabano eziningi namaphuzu amancane kule ncwadi, kunzima ukuphikisana nencwadi ebonakala ihlose ukwenza abantu bazicabangele. Kodwa ngifisa ukuthi izincwadi eziningi ezithatha umqondo wempi, lena ehlanganisiwe, ingathatha isikhungo ngokwaso. Kuyohlale kunezimo lapho ukungabi nodlame kwehluleka. Kuzoba nokunye lapho udlame luhluleka khona. Kuzoba nezimo lapho ukungabi nodlame kusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbi. Kuzoba nokunye lapho udlame lusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbi. Lawa maqiniso anganikeza abasekeli bempi abangenalo icala lokuqeda iminyango kahulumeni yokumelana nezikhali, uma izinto ezinjalo bezikhona, futhi zinikeza impikiswano encane yokuqeda amasosha. Kodwa impikiswano elandelayo yenza:

Amasosha adala izimpi, amoshe izinsiza ebezingasindisa futhi zithuthukise izimpilo eziningi kakhulu kunalezo ezilahlekile ezimpini, zidala ubungozi be-apocalypse yenuzi, zingumbhubhisi omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo zoMhlaba, zisakaza inzondo nokucwasa nokucwasa nokungabi namthetho kanye nodlame oluncane. , futhi ihlanganise isithiyo esiphezulu sokubambisana okudingekayo emhlabeni jikelele ezinkingeni ezingakhethi.

Ngikhathele futhi isimangalo esidala esikhathele sokuthi i-Kellogg Briand Pact iyingane yephosta yokwehluleka, hhayi ikakhulukazi ngenxa kaScott Shapiro no-Oona Hathaway. imibono yokuthi yabuguqula kanjani ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sokuqeda impi kuze kube manje sehlulekile, cishe yonke imithetho ezincwadini iphulwa kaningi ukuthi i-Kellogg Briand Pact kodwa nokho icatshangwa njengempumelelo enkulu, futhi ngenkathi yenza ubugebengu ngokufanele. impi ngeke yenzeke ngaphandle komzabalazo omkhulu ongenabudlova, impi ngeke iphele ngaphandle kokuyivimbela kahle.

UMKHONO WOKWENZA KWEMHLABA:

Impi Isihogo: Izifundo zelungelo lodlame olusemthethweni, ngu-C. Douglas Lummis, 2023.
Ububi Obukhulu Impi, nguChris Hedges, 2022.
Ukuqeda Udlame Lwezifundazwe: Umhlaba Ongaphezu Kwamabhomu, Imingcele, namakheji nguRay Acheson, 2022.
Ngokumelene Nempi: Ukwakha Isiko Lokuthula nguPapa Francis, 2022.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha, Ukuphepha, kanye Nomshini Wezempi: Izindleko Zangempela Zamasosha ngu-Ned Dobos, 2020.
Ukuqonda Umkhakha Wempi nguChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Impi engekho nguDan Kovalik, 2020.
Amandla Ngokuthula: Ukuthi Ukuxoshwa Kwezempi Kwaholela Kanjani Ekuthuleni Nenjabulweni E-Costa Rica, Futhi Lokho Wonke Umhlaba Ongakufunda Esizweni Esincane SaseTropiki, nguJudith Eve Lipton noDavid P. Barash, 2019.
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