"I-Google Akufanele Ibe Ngomabhizinisi Wezimpi": Ukuqonda ukuqoqwa kwe-Intelligence Intelligence

NguMarc Eliot Stein, uJuni 8, 2018

Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-3100 be-Google basayine incwadi okuqala ngegama elithi "iGoogle akufanele ibe sebhizinisini lempi". Incwadi le iyimpendulo yokuthi inkampani ibambe iqhaza ohlelweni olusha lweMelika Yezokuvikela olwenziwe ngeProjekti Maven, oluchaza ngokuthi “injini eyenziwe nge-AI eyenziwe ngokwezifiso” eyenzelwe ukuhumusha izithombe ezibonakalayo ezivela drones, futhi iphetha ngesicelo esinamandla esivela kubasebenzi bakwaGoogle kubaphathi babo:

"Ukhumbula isibopho sokuziphatha nokuziphatha seGoogle, nokusongela isithunzi seGoogle, sicela ukuthi:

I-1. Khansela le phrojekthi ngokushesha

I-2. Hlela, phatlalatsa, bese usebenzisa umgomo ocacile wokuthi i-Google noma osonkontileka bayo abasoze bakhe ubuchwepheshe bempi ”

Lesi senzo sesibindi sokubhikisha kanye nesibopho somphakathi siyamangalisa ngokucaca kwaso, futhi sikufanele ukuqashelwa njengesinye sezimo ezimbalwa ezaziwayo zososayensi abasebenzayo noma abasebenzi abaphikisana ngqo nokuzibandakanya kwabo ezesabekayo zempi, kanye URussell-Einstein manifesto ye-1955, eyayikhuthaza ukuqedwa kwempi njengokuwukuphela kwendlela eya phambili yezwe manje elihlome ngazo zonke izinhlangothi ngezikhali zenuzi.

Le ncwadi ebabazekayo, kanye nokwesula kwenqwaba yabasebenzi bakwa-Google, kukhombise amandla ayo esikhathini esingangenyanga kamuva lapho abaphathi bakwa-Google bememezele lokho ngeke ivuselele i-Project Maven ngemuva kokuthi inkontileka isiqediwe ngoMashi 2019, futhi wavuma "ukubuyela emuva" ngokuqashelwa igama lomphakathi le-Google njengesizathu esiyinhloko ngemuva kwalesi sinqumo sokuphatha. Ngenkathi le mpendulo ingazanelisi izimfuno ezisencwadini yokuqala, ngokusobala isinyathelo esisezingeni elifanele, futhi ikhombisa amandla esenzo sabasebenzi be-Google sokubhikisha njengesisekelo sokwakha phezu kwabo njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nokwazi ukuthi i-US ezempi (futhi, mhlawumbe, amanye amabutho ezempi nawo) ayahamba ngokushesha ukuyolungisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa.

World BEYOND War ushicilele isicelo esisha sokubonga laba basebenzi bakwaGoogle. Akufanele nje sibonge ngesibindi sabo kepha kufanele futhi ngamunye azicabange mathupha ngokwenzeka ngale ndlela entsha yezobuchwepheshe, nangemfanelo yethu eyabelwe yokugwema izimo ezimbi kakhulu zokuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Indlela enhle yokucabanga lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu ukucabanga ngokulwa ngamakhono amabili lapho ubuhlakani bokufakelwa sekuthinta izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke: ukuqashelwa kobuso kanye nezimoto ezingenashayeli. Njengoba wazi uma uke wasifaka umaki isithombe ku-Facebook, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa sebusufinyelele iphuzu lapho ungatholwa kalula khona futhi ngokushesha ukhonjwe yi-algorithm. "Amakhamera okuphepha" akhuphukile emhlabeni wonke, ngokungazelelwe anikeze izinhlangano ezingaziwa ikhono elingathinteki lokuqoqa nokufanisa ubuso "nemininingwane yobunikazi" equkethe imininingwane yethu ngaphandle kwemvume, ulwazi noma ukulawula.

Ubuchwepheshe bezimoto ezingashayeli buye zathuthuka nokubandakanyeka okuncane noma ukuqwashisa ngasohlangothini lwabantu abasebenza emphakathini. Ukufa kokuqala emotweni engashayeli kwakuse2016, ngesikhathi uTesla eshayisa iloli. Icala lokuqala lomuntu obehamba ngezinyawo libulewe yimoto engashayeli bekuyizinyanga ezintathu kuphela ezedlule, ngoMashi 2018, lapho u-Uber ozimele eshaya owesifazane owela umgwaqo e-Arizona.

Lawa maqiniso achaza ukuphuthuma ngemuva kwencwadi yakwa-Google, ekhombisa imboni yezobuchwepheshe ethengiswa inzuzo, umncintiswano kanye nenani labaninimasheya. Nawa amanye amaphuzu okufanele aqondwe ukuthola isithombe esigcwele senkinga umhlaba wethu usuvele usungenile, kanye nemiphumela ebuhlungu esibhekene nayo njengamanje.

I-Project Maven yiprojekthi encane. I-JEDI iphrojekthi enkulu.

Incwadi yakwaGoogle ibize iProjekt Maven, nenkampani manje ethi ngeke ivuselele. Okubaluleke kakhulu, le ncwadi ibalule ukubakhona kweprojekthi enkulu yoMnyango Wezokuvikela eMelika ebizwa nge-JEDI (Joint Enterprise Defence Ingqalasizinda), okufanele ibe yingxenye yokuqala yokuqhubeka nokubhekisisa lesi sihloko. Kunolwazi oluncane lomphakathi mayelana nale phrojekthi eyimfihlo, kepha ubukhulu bayo buhlanganisa bobabili ubuhlakani bokufakelwa kanye ne-computing yamafu, okukhombisa amandla amakhulu wekhompiyutha kanye nokukhubazeka, kanye nokufinyelela ekuhlinzekeni okungekho emthethweni kwemininingwane equkethe imininingwane yezwe neyomuntu ngamunye.

Njengamaphrojekthi amaningi wezobuchwepheshe bezempi, i-JEDI ayenzelwe ukuthi ibonakale nakubakhokhi bentela abakhokhela yona, kodwa kufanele sethembe ukuthi imininingwane mayelana nale projekthi enkulu nebizayo izodluliselwa emphakathini. Ukukhethwa kobuqili kwegama lephrojekthi ngokusobala elalihlose ukubiza i- "Star Wars" kusikisela ukuthi uMnyango Wezokuvikela ubheka lo msebenzi ngezinga eliphazamisayo lobuhle nokuzithoba. U-Yoda wayengeke athinteke.

Abasebenzi bakwaGoogle bakhulume. Baphi abasebenzi base-Amazon nabakwaMicrosoft?

Incwadi esayiniwe ngabasebenzi be-3100 + bakwaGoogle ibiza ezinye izinkampani ngamagama:

"Ukuphikisana kokuthi amanye amafemu, njengeMicrosoft ne-Amazon, nawo ebamba iqhaza akwenzi lokhu kube yingozi kangako ku-Google."

Ngempela, emkhakheni ozuze kakhulu wekhompyutha yamafu, i-Amazon inkulu kakhulu kune-Google. Ngenkathi iningi labantu licabanga nge-Amazon njengesitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni online, abathuthukisi be-software kanye nabachwepheshe bayazi nge-Amazon ehluke ngokuphelele. Le nkampani ihola umhlaba ku-computing yamafu, ivumela izinhlangano ezincane nezinkulu ukuthi zisebenzise futhi zisebenzise amandla we-server ngokushesha futhi kalula. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izinkampani eziningi zazisebenzisa amaseva azo. Namuhla, izinkampani eziningi ziqasha indawo yeseva kusuka e-Amazon. Uhulumeni nezinhlangano zamasosha ziphakathi kwalabo abathembela ngezinsizakalo zamafu zaseAmazon, ezibandakanya ubuhlakani bokufakelwa obuthuthukile kanye nekhono ledatha. Kufanele sethembe ukuthi abasebenzi base-Amazon bazogqugquzelwa ontanga yabo kwaGoogle futhi baqale ukukhuluma esidlangalaleni ngemiphumela yezenhlalo yomsebenzi abawenzayo. Ngabe kukhona abasebenzi base-Amazon abazomemezela, njengoba ontanga yabo be-Google besho, ukuthi "i-Amazon akufanele ibe sebhini lempi"?

Izinkampani ezinjenge-Google ne-Amazon zinokuzibophezela okuhlukile ukuvula imithombo yomthombo.

Zonke izinkampani azifani, futhi umthetho wokuzibizela odumile we-Google othi “Ungabi Ububi” uthathwe ngokungathi sína ngabathuthukisi bomthombo ovulekile abaningi okungenzeka ukuthi bangezona izisebenzi zakwa-Google kodwa abanikela futhi baxhumana ne-Google kumalabhulali emithombo evulekile anjenge I-TensorFlow, enikeza amakhono okufunda ajulile.

Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi incwadi yabasebenzi bakwa-Google ibe yithukuthezi elinjalo emphakathini womhlaba wonjiniyela abavulekile. Ngenkathi usonkontileka wezempi wendabuko enjengoRaytheon noma iGeneral Dynamics ngokujwayelekile enza wonke umsebenzi wawo ngasese, imitapo yolwazi yokufakelwa efana neTensorFlow ukusebenzisana okungafani phakathi kwezinkampani nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Umphakathi wesoftware ovulekile womhlaba jikelele ububalulekile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuleni okunempilo kwe-Intanethi yonke, futhi lo mphakathi ubulokhu umi ngomqondo ocacile wokuzibophezela komphakathi. Lapho abasebenzi bethi "i-Google akufanele ibe sebhizinisini lempi", ayikhulumi nje kuphela ngabasebenza nabo beGoogle kodwa futhi nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba wabakhiqizi bomthombo ovulekile ababamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi abo.

I-AI ye-Weaponised manje seyiqiniso, futhi hhayi e-USA kuphela.

Akufanele ngabe sasidinga incwadi evela kubasebenzi bakwa-3100 be-Google ukuthi basixwayise ngeqiniso lokuthi ubudala bokwenza ubuhlakani bokuhlomisa sekuvele kithi, hhayi e-United States of America kuphela. E-USA, lokhu kuzoba nomphumela wokuthi kube nokwesaba komphakathi okwandayo nokwesaba kwamanye amazwe okwenzayo emkhakheni we-AI ehlome izikhali. Abaluleki bezempi emhlabeni wonke nakanjani bathembela lo mjaho wezingalo ukwanda. Lokhu iqiniso elibi lesimo esesikuso.

Impendulo okuwukuphela kwayo ukuqedwa kwempi.

I-manifesto mayelana nokwanda kwenyuklea esesayinwe nguBertrand Russell, u-Albert Einstein nabanye e-1955 bakhomba impendulo esisasidingayo. Ukuphela kwendlela eya ezweni elihlaselwe ukwesaba futhi elinqunyelwe ukuqhuma kungukuqedwa kwempi. Lokhu bekucacile kahle kwi-1955, kepha abaholi besikhathi abakwazanga ukuletha leli themba.

Namuhla, eminyakeni engama-63 kamuva, sibona ngokusobala njengangaphambili ukuthi impi iletha impi eyengeziwe, nokuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe isazoqhubeka nokukhuphula iziteki. Umbono ogulisayo wama-killer drones axhumene nemininingwane emikhulu yesikhathi sangempela futhi efakwe amakhono wobuchwepheshe bokufakelwa obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuxosha abantu phansi akusewona umbono wekusasa (njengoba bekunesiqephu esethusayo se "Metalhead" se "Isibuko Esimnyama", esasakazwa ngonyaka odlule kuphela). Zonke izingcezu sezikhona ukwenza lo mbono ogulayo ube ngokoqobo, futhi isenzo sesibindi sabasebenzi beGoogle abangama-3100 + manje sesisivezele ukuthi ngisho nezinye izinkampani ezithembise ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha ziqhubekela phambili ngejubane eliphelele kulelikusasa ukuthi akekho ofuna. Izigxobo ziphakanyisiwe, kodwa futhi. Isibopho sikithi sonke - hhayi abasebenzi bakaGoogle kuphela, hhayi abathuthukisi be-software kuphela, kepha sonke - ukuxazulula inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke umhlaba owake wazi futhi sisebenzela ukuqedwa kwempi ngokuphelele.